Journal ArticleDOI
Water Management Challenges Associated with the Production of Shale Gas by Hydraulic Fracturing
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TLDR
Water management has emerged as a critical issue in the development of these inland gas reservoirs, where hydraulic fracturing is used to liberate the gas as discussed by the authors, where large volumes of water containing very high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) return to the surface.Abstract:
Development of unconventional, onshore natural gas resources in deep shales is rapidly expanding to meet global energy needs. Water management has emerged as a critical issue in the development of these inland gas reservoirs, where hydraulic fracturing is used to liberate the gas. Following hydraulic fracturing, large volumes of water containing very high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) return to the surface. The TDS concentration in this wastewater, also known as “flowback,” can reach 5 times that of sea water. Wastewaters that contain high TDS levels are challenging and costly to treat. Economical production of shale gas resources will require creative management of flowback to ensure protection of groundwater and surface water resources. Currently, deep-well injection is the primary means of management. However, in many areas where shale gas production will be abundant, deep-well injection sites are not available. With global concerns over the quality and quantity of fresh water, novel water management strategies and treatment technologies that will enable environmentally sustainable and economically feasible natural gas extraction will be critical for the development of this vast energy source.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental Study on the Damage and Failure Characteristics of High-Temperature Granite after Liquid-Nitrogen Cooling
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of liquid-nitrogen cooling on the damage and failure of high-temperature granite, granite samples were heated to 150~600 °C for both natural cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling treatment, and basic tensile and energy evolution parameters were obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sorption Behaviors of Barium during Reinjection of Gas Field Produced Water into Sandstone Reservoir: An Experimental Water-Rock Interaction Study
TL;DR: In this article , a series of water-rock interactions experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the effects of brine/rock ratio (5:1~500:1), pH (3~10), temperature (20, 50 and 80 °C), brine salinity (NaCl solution, 0~100 g/L), competitive cations (Sr and Mg, 0.5 g/l), and organic compound (methanol, 0 ~5 g /L) on the sorption of barium in sandstone.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment
Ahmadun Fakhru’l-Razi,Alireza Pendashteh,Luqman Chuah Abdullah,Dayang Radiah Awang Biak,Sayed Siavash Madaeni,Zurina Zainal Abidin +5 more
TL;DR: Major research efforts in the future could focus on the optimization of current technologies and use of combined physico-chemical and/or biological treatment of produced water in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits.
ReportDOI
A white paper describing produced water from production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal bed methane.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide basic information on many aspects of produced water, including its constituents, how much of it is generated, how it is managed and regulated in different settings, and the cost of its management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Gas Plays in the Marcellus Shale: Challenges and Potential Opportunities
TL;DR: Tapping the lucrative Marcellus Shale natural gas deposits may have a host of environmental concerns, according to a report by the USGS.
ReportDOI
Produced water volumes and management practices in the United States.
Corrie Clark,John A. Veil +1 more
TL;DR: The U.S. Department of Energy asked Argonne National Laboratory to compile data on produced water associated with oil and gas production to better understand the production volumes and management of this water as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative life-cycle air emissions of coal, domestic natural gas, LNG, and SNG for electricity generation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare greenhouse gas (GHG), SOx, and NOx life-cycle emissions of electricity generated with NG/LNG/SNG and coal and show that with the current fleet of power plants, a mix of domestic NG, LNG, and SNG would have lower GHG emissions than coal.