What does “entrepreneurship” data really show?
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In this article, the authors compare two datasets designed to measure entrepreneurship: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset and the World Bank Group Enterprises Survey (WBGES) dataset, and find that the magnitude of the difference between the datasets across countries is related to the local institutional and environmental conditions for entrepreneurs.Abstract:
In this paper, we compare two datasets designed to measure entrepreneurship: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset and the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey (WBGES) dataset. We find a number of important differences when the data are compared. First, GEM data tend to report significantly higher levels of early stage entrepreneurship in developing economies than do the World Bank business entry data, while the World Bank business entry data tend to be higher than GEM data for developed countries. Second, we find that the magnitude of the difference between the datasets across countries is related to the local institutional and environmental conditions for entrepreneurs, after controlling for levels of economic development. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs in developed countries have greater ease and incentives to incorporate, both for the benefits of greater access to formal financing and labor contracts, as well as for tax and other purposes not directly related to business activities.read more
Citations
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Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of the three stages of economic development, the factor-driven stage, the efficiency-driven and the innovation-driven stages, and present a summary of the papers in the context of the theory.
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Exploring country-level institutional arrangements on the rate and type of entrepreneurial activity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some of ZoltAin J. Jørgenson's most important contributions since the turn of the new millennium, with a particular intellectual focus on the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship.
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Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and offer a complex model of start-ups, Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) and six domains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (culture, formal institutions, infrastructure and amenities, IT, Melting Pot and demand).
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Exploring country-level institutional arrangements on the rate and type of entrepreneurial activity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a multidimensional measure of the entrepreneurial environment that reveals how differences in institutional arrangements influence both the rate and the type of entrepreneurial activity in a country.
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A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model
Jonathan Levie,Erkko Autio +1 more
TL;DR: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor model as discussed by the authors combines insights on the allocation of effort into entrepreneurship at the national level with literature in the Austrian tradition, which suggests that the relationship between national-level new business activity and the institutional environment, or Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions, is mediated by opportunity perception and the perception of start-up skills in the population.
References
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Entrepreneurship : New Data on Business Creation and How to Promote It
TL;DR: The second edition of the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey as mentioned in this paper showed a strong relationship between entrepreneurship, the business environment, and governance, and showed that automation can greatly reduce the barriers to starting a business.
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