What does “entrepreneurship” data really show?
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In this article, the authors compare two datasets designed to measure entrepreneurship: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset and the World Bank Group Enterprises Survey (WBGES) dataset, and find that the magnitude of the difference between the datasets across countries is related to the local institutional and environmental conditions for entrepreneurs.Abstract:
In this paper, we compare two datasets designed to measure entrepreneurship: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset and the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey (WBGES) dataset. We find a number of important differences when the data are compared. First, GEM data tend to report significantly higher levels of early stage entrepreneurship in developing economies than do the World Bank business entry data, while the World Bank business entry data tend to be higher than GEM data for developed countries. Second, we find that the magnitude of the difference between the datasets across countries is related to the local institutional and environmental conditions for entrepreneurs, after controlling for levels of economic development. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs in developed countries have greater ease and incentives to incorporate, both for the benefits of greater access to formal financing and labor contracts, as well as for tax and other purposes not directly related to business activities.read more
Citations
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References
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Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive
TL;DR: In this article, historical evidence from ancient Rome, early China, and the Middle Ages and Renaissance in Europe is used to investigate the hypotheses that, while the total supply of entrepreneurs varies among societies, the productive contribution of the society's entrepreneurial activities varies much more because of their allocation between productive activities and largely unproductive activities such as rent seeking or organized crime.
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The Regulation of Entry
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present new data on the regulation of entry of start-up firms in 85 countries, covering the number of procedures, official time, and official cost that a startup must bear before it can operate legally.
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The Allocation of Talent: Implications for Growth
Kevin M. Murphy,Kevin M. Murphy,Andrei Shleifer,Andrei Shleifer,Robert W. Vishny,Robert W. Vishny +5 more
TL;DR: The authors showed that in most countries, rent seeking rewards talent more than entrepreneurship does, leading to stagnation, and showed that countries with a higher proportion of engineering college majors grow faster; whereas countries with higher proportions of law concentrators grow slower.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Allocation of Talent: Implications for Growth
TL;DR: This paper found that countries with a higher proportion of engineering college majors grow faster than countries with lower proportion of law concentrators, whereas countries with high proportion of business concentrators grow more slowly.