Why are babies getting heavier? Comparison of Scottish births from 1980 to 1992.
Sandra Bonellie,G M Raab +1 more
TLDR
The distribution of gestational age has changed noticeably over the past decade because of the gradual introduction of its assessment by ultrasonography and trends in birth weights adjusted for gestation may be misleading.Abstract:
Over the past decade the weights of babies born in the United Kingdom have been increasing,1 which may have implications for the pattern of adult disease.2 From 1980 to 1992 the mean birth weight of live singleton births in Scotland increased steadily from 3326 g to 3382 g. We investigated factors that may explain this trend.
The distribution of gestational age has changed noticeably over the past decade because of the gradual introduction of its assessment by ultrasonography.3 In 1980 around 42% of all live births occurred at 40 weeks' gestation; by 1992 this had fallen to 32%. Thus trends in birth weights adjusted for gestation may be misleading and are not considered here.
We assessed data on live, singleton births in …read more
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Neonatal anthropometry: the thin–fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Chittaranjan S. Yajnik,Caroline H.D. Fall,Kurus Coyaji,S.S. Hirve,S Rao,David J.P. Barker,C. V. Joglekar,S Kellingray +7 more
TL;DR: Small Indian babies have small abdominal viscera and low muscle mass, but preserve body fat during their intrauterine development, and this body composition may persist postnatally and predispose to an insulin-resistant state.
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The macrosomic fetus: a challenge in current obstetrics
TL;DR: A review of causes and risks, prevention, prediction, prediction and clinical management of suspected large fetus/fetal macrosomia, primarily aimed at clinical obstetricians is provided.
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Risk factors for macrosomia and its clinical consequences: a study of 350,311 pregnancies.
TL;DR: Macrosomia is more common in mothers who are obese, older or diabetic and is associated with significant obstetric morbidity.
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Trends in Birth Weight and Gestational Length Among Singleton Term Births in the United States: 1990–2005
TL;DR: Recent decreases in fetal growth among U.S., term, singleton neonates were not explained by trends in maternal and neonatal characteristics, changes in obstetric practices, or concurrent decreases in gestational length.
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Hypertension treatment and control in sub-Saharan Africa: the epidemiological basis for policy
TL;DR: In sub-Saharan Africa it is difficult to formulate and justify policy on treating chronic conditions such as hypertension as there are no health statistics from which to judge likely costs and benefits.
References
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Fetal and infant origins of adult disease
TL;DR: The “fetal origins” hypothesis states that coronary heart disease and the disorders related to it originate through adaptations that the fetus makes when it is under-nourished, which allow the fetus to survive and continue to grow but at the price of a shortened life.
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Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress.
TL;DR: Social and psychological factors have little or no direct effect on birth weight corrected for gestational age (fetal growth), and the main environmental cause of its variation in this population was smoking.
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Birth weight from pregnancies dated by ultrasonography in a multicultural British population.
TL;DR: Birthweight standards require precise dating of pregnancy and should describe the population from which they were derived, in a heterogeneous maternity population the accurate assessment of an individual baby's weight needs to take the factors which affect birthweight standards into consideration.
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National trends in birth weight: implications for future adult disease
TL;DR: National trends in birth weight are of great interest because it has been argued that intrauterine conditions, represented by birth weight, have long term effects on adult conditions such as ischaemic heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes.