Open Access
Why People Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence
TLDR
This article found that poor negotiators are doubly cursed: their lack of skill deprives them not only of the ability to produce correct responses, but also of the expertise necessary to surmise that they are not producing them.Abstract:
Successful negotiation of everyday life would seem to require people to possess insight about deficiencies in their intellectual and social skills. However, people tend to be blissfully unaware of their incompetence. This lack of awareness arises because poor performers are doubly cursed: Their lack of skill deprives them not only of the ability to produce correct responses, but also of the expertise necessary to surmise that they are not producing them. People base their perceptions of performance, in part, on their preconceived notions about their skills. Because these notions often do not correlate with objective performance, they can lead people to make judgments about their performance that have little to do with actual accomplishment.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Why the Unskilled Are Unaware: Further Explorations of (Absent) Self-Insight Among the Incompetent
TL;DR: Five studies demonstrated that poor performers lack insight into their shortcomings even in real world settings and when given incentives to be accurate, leading to overly optimistic estimates among poor performers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intuition, reason, and metacognition
TL;DR: Data support a model in which a metacognitive judgment about a first, initial model determines the extent of analytic engagement, and were consistently predicted by the fluency with which the initial answer was produced, providing a link to the wider literature on metamemory.
Book ChapterDOI
The Dunning-Kruger effect: On being ignorant of one's own ignorance.
TL;DR: In this article, the Dunning-Kruger effect is used to argue that the scope of people's ignorance is often invisible to them and that lack of expertise and knowledge often hides in the realm of unknown unknowns or is disguised by erroneous beliefs and background knowledge that only appear to be sufficient to conclude a right answer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Example-Based Learning: Integrating Cognitive and Social-Cognitive Research Perspectives
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the contributions of the research on both types of example-based learning on questions such as why examplebased learning is effective, for what kinds of tasks and learners, and how examples should be designed and delivered to students to optimize learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intelligibility, Comprehensibility, and Accentedness of L2 Speech: The Role of Listener Experience and Semantic Context
Sara Kennedy,Pavel Trofimovich +1 more
TL;DR: The authors investigated how listener experience (extent of previous exposure to non-native speech) and semantic context (degree and type of semantic information available) influence measures of intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness of nonnative (L2) speech.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments.
Justin Kruger,David Dunning +1 more
TL;DR: Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unrealistic optimism about future life events
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the tendency of people to be unrealistically optimistic about future life events and found that degree of desirability, perceived probability, personal experience, perceived controllability, and stereotype saliency would influence the amount of optimistic bias evoked by different events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender Roles and Women's Achievement-Related Decisions:
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a model to explain persistent, gender-role linked trends, summarizes evidence to support the proposed mediating psychological mechanisms, and discusses the social experiences that shape gender differences on these mediators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ambiguity and self-evaluation: the role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability
TL;DR: When asked to evaluate their own abilities, the assessments they provide tend to be self-serving as discussed by the authors, and often the appraisals that people endorse appear to be favorable to a logically impossible degree.
Journal ArticleDOI
Student Self-Assessment in Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis
Nancy Falchikov,David Boud +1 more
TL;DR: This article conducted a meta-analysis of self-assessment studies that compared self- and teacher marks and found that the quality of design of the study and the level of the course of which the assessment was a part were important factors for the closeness of correspondence between self-and teacher marks.