Wireless Electromagnetic Radiation Assessment Based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): A Review Case Study
Mohamed Abdul-Al,Ahmed S. I. Amar,Issa Elfergani,Richard Littlehales,Naser Ojaroudi Parchin,Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir,Chan H. See,Dawei Zhou,Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin,Mohammad Alibakhshikenari,Chemseddine Zebiri,F. Elmegri,M. M. Abusitta,Atta Ullah,F.M. Abdussalam,Jonathan Rodriguez,Neil J. McEwan,James M. Noras,Russell Hodgetts,Raed A. Abd-Alhameed +19 more
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In this paper , the authors present a useful insight into the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological media that is defined by the heat generation due to induced currents and dielectric loss, and summarise the most common techniques utilised between 1978 and 2021, in terms of the operational frequency spectrum, bandwidth, and SAR values.Abstract:
Employing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in new wireless communication and sensing technologies has substantially increased the level of human exposure to EMF waves. This paper presents a useful insight into the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological media that is defined by the heat generation due to induced currents and dielectric loss. The specific absorption rate (SAR) defines the heating amount in a biological medium that is irradiated by an electromagnetic field value. The paper reviews the radio frequency hazards due to the SAR based on various safety standards and organisations, including a detailed investigation of previously published work in terms of modelling and measurements. It also summarises the most common techniques utilised between 1978 and 2021, in terms of the operational frequency spectrum, bandwidth, and SAR values.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Four-Element/Eight-Port MIMO Antenna System With Diversity and Desirable Radiation for Sub 6 GHz Modern 5G Smartphones
Naser Ojaroudi Parchin,Ahmed S. I. Amar,Mohammad Darwish,Karim H. Moussa,Chan H. See,Raed A. Abd-Alhameed,Norah Alwadai,Heba G. Mohamed +7 more
TL;DR: In this article , a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array system with identical compact antenna elements providing wide radiation and diversity function is introduced for sub 6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) cellular applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment and Categorization of Biological Effects and Atypical Symptoms Owing to Exposure to RF Fields from Wireless Energy Devices
TL;DR: In this paper , the consequences of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields emitted by radiofrequency devices are analyzed and reviewed, as well as their evaluation techniques in the case of wireless digital communication tools.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of Microwave Electromagnetic Fields in Open and Shielded Areas and Their Possible Effects on Biological Structure
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on actual measurements, especially in shielded spaces frequently used in everyday life, such as elevator cabins and cars, and evaluate the distribution of specific vector quantities of the electromagnetic field and a comparison with the currently valid hygiene standards.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure from Mobile Phone Under Different Operational Scenarios
TL;DR: In this paper , a mobile phone is tested in different operational scenarios and analyzes the E field, H field and power intensity using an electrosmog meter (PC-EM-29).
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Microwave Profiling Inside Wood Beams using Computed SAR Images
TL;DR: In this article , the specific absorption rate (SAR) was used to estimate the power absorbed by living tissues and can be determined by numerical modeling, which can be used to image microwave radiation inside isotropic wood beams with a square crosssection with a density ranging from 60 to 1000 kg/m.
References
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Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee
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TL;DR: This year's jurors included A.M.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the induced and contact current limits of IEEE C95.1-1991 are modified in this edition, and field strengths below which induced and current do not have to be measured are specified, spatial averaging and measurement distance requirements are clarified, and more precise definitions for averaging volume and radiated power are provided.
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Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz
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Wireless Electromagnetic Radiation Assessment Based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): A Review Case Study
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