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Within-Family Inequalities in Human Capital Accumulation in India: Birth Order and Gender Effects
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In this article, the authors investigated birth order and gender effects on the development of children's human capital in India and found that birth order effects are negative for indicators of children' accumulated human capital stock and for investment into school quality.Abstract:
In this paper we investigate birth order and gender effects on the development of children’s human capital in India. We investigate both indicators of the child’s current stock of human capital and of investment into their continued human capital accumulation, distinguishing between time investments and pecuniary investment into school quality. Our results show that in India, birth order effects are mostly negative. More specifically, birth order effects are negative for indicators of children's accumulated human capital stock and for indicators of pecuniary investments into school quality. These results are more in line with previous results from developed countries than from developing countries. However, for time investments, which are influenced by the opportunity cost of child time, birth order effects are positive. Gender aspects are also important. Girls are disadvantaged within families, and oldest son preferences can explain much of the within-household inequalities which we observe.read more
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Birth Order and Health of Newborns: What Can We Learn from Danish Registry Data?
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Nakusha? Son Preference, Resource Concentration and Gender Gaps in Education
Ashwini Deshpande,Apoorva Gupta +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate mechanisms underlying parental motivation to invest differentially between their sons and daughters in education and identify three channels: strong son preference, meta son preference (resulting in unwanted girls), and resource concentration motivation.
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Formulating, Identifying and Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation
Flavio Cunha,James J. Heckman +1 more
TL;DR: A dynamic factor model is estimated to solve the problem of endogeneity of inputs and multiplicity of inputs relative to instruments and the role of family environments in shaping these skills at different stages of the life cycle of the child.
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Killing Me Softly: The Fetal Origins Hypothesis.
Douglas Almond,Janet Currie +1 more
TL;DR: Economists have expanded on this hypothesis, investigating a broader range of fetal shocks and circumstances and have found a wealth of later-life impacts on outcomes including test scores, educational attainment, and income, along with health.
Journal ArticleDOI
The productivity argument for investing in young children.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a productivity argument for investing in disadvantaged young children and show that there is no equity-efficiency trade-off for such investment, for any investment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The More the Merrier? The Effect of Family Size and Birth Order on Children's Education
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of family size and birth order on the educational attainment of children and found that birth order has a significant and large negative effect on children's education.
ReportDOI
Economic growth, population theory, and physiology: the bearing of long-term processes on the making of economic policy
TL;DR: The need to take account of history, as Simon Kuznets (1941) stressed, has often led to a misunderstanding of current economic problems by investigators who have not realized that their generalizations rested upon transient circumstances.
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