X-RAY INVESTIGATION BEFORE AND AFTER POLARIZATION OF PZT CERAMICS (Zr/Ti = 50/50)

TLDR: In this paper, a simple method for determining quantitatively the fraction of 90°domain rotation in the tetragonal ferroelectric phase by measuring the changes of the intensity of X-ray diffraction has been put forward.

Abstract: The domain structure of ferroelectric ceramics changes in the process of polarization and in the course of application. This kind of change has a direct influence on the macroscopic properties of the materials. A simple method for determining quantitatively the fraction of 90°domain-rotation in the tetragonal ferroelectric phase by measuring the changes of the intensity of X-ray diffraction has been put forward in this article. The percentage of 90° domain-rotation in the process of polarization could be obtained directly as soon as the intensity ratios of I200 and I002 of the nonpolariza-tion and polarization are respectively measured out correctly. The structure factors and preferred orientation which may exist have been taken into account in the deduction of the formula. For PZT ceramics of 50/50(Zr/Ti), the fraction of 90° domain-rotation under different conditions of polarization has been calculated by using the above method. The result obtained are parallel to the changes of the macroscopic properties. A comparison with the indirect method was used previously in the mechanical strain experiments has been made. In addition, the problem of determining the internal stress prior to and after polarization by measuring the broadening of the diffracted X-ray lines has also been discussed.