How does vitamin E support skin health?5 answersVitamin E plays a crucial role in supporting skin health through its antioxidant properties and ability to protect against oxidative damage. It is commonly used in both oral and topical formulations to promote skin health. Vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol, is known for its positive effects on skin health, including improving appearance and reducing the risk of certain skin issues and cancers. When topically applied, vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, deactivating free radicals and protecting the skin from harmful effects of pollutants, chemicals, and UV rays. Its antioxidant and moisturizing properties help in protecting against UVB radiation, reducing erythema, and combating photoaging. Vitamin E's role in maintaining the antioxidant system of the skin makes it a valuable component in skincare formulations, aiding in skin health promotion and protection against various skin conditions.
Penetration of alpha tocopherl in skin?5 answersAlpha-tocopherol, a potent antioxidant, shows varying penetration abilities in the skin based on different formulations. Research indicates that microemulsions can enhance the delivery of alpha-tocopherol into viable skin layers, with cationic microemulsions showing the highest delivery efficiency. Additionally, alpha-tocopherol-enriched rinse-off products have been found to significantly increase the levels of alpha-tocopherol in skin barrier lipids, providing protection against photooxidative stress. Moreover, incorporating alpha-tocopherol into nanostructured lipid carriers within a thermoresponsive gel can facilitate its slow release and enhance stability, promoting better penetration across the skin barrier. Furthermore, studies on alpha-tocopherol-fatty acid ester conjugates demonstrate their ability to penetrate the skin effectively, with some conjugates being hydrolyzed to free alpha-tocopherol, influencing skin accumulation levels. Overall, these findings highlight the diverse strategies to optimize alpha-tocopherol penetration in the skin for enhanced antioxidant protection.
What's a cosmetics for?4 answersCosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. They can be used to care for the face and body, accentuate or change a person's appearance, and promote attractiveness. Cosmetics include a wide range of products such as makeup, skin-care preparations, hair care products, and nail enamel. They can be made from a mixture of chemical compounds, some derived from natural sources and others being synthetic. The use of cosmetics has a long history, dating back thousands of years. In modern times, cosmetics play an important role in day-to-day life for both men and women, helping to build self-esteem and confidence. They are readily available in various forms such as creams, lipstick, perfumes, eye shadows, and hair sprays. Cosmetics also serve practical purposes, such as protecting the skin from harmful rays of the sun.
Does alpha tocopheryl succinate negatively affect superoxide dismutase?5 answersAlpha tocopheryl succinate (TS) has versatile biological functions and shows significant anticancer activity. It inhibits cholinesterase activity, inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production, and has an anticancer effect. The effects of TS on superoxide dismutase (SOD) are not mentioned in the abstracts provided.
What happen when treatment of α-Tocopherol in immune cell?5 answersTreatment with α-tocopherol in immune cells has been shown to have various effects. α-Tocopherol induces increased proliferation in hematopoietic stem/progenitor (HSC/HP) cells, leading to bone marrow hyperplasia. It also enhances differentiation to the granulocytic/monocytic lineage in HSC/HP cells. α-Tocopherol treatment decreases basal phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PKC, and STAT-5 in HSC/HP cells, but enhances ERK1/2 activation in response to IL-3 stimulation. The expansion of HSC/HP cells induced by α-tocopherol occurs through a non-identified intracellular pathway. In cultures of primary cells of the parotid gland, α-tocopherol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, attenuating the harmful effects of hyperglycemic and inflammatory conditions. In active splenocytes, low and high doses of α-tocopherol have opposite effects on IL-2 expression, possibly through modulation of PPARγ, IκBα, and apoptosis pathways. α-Tocopherol has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion of monocytes to endothelium. The addition of α-tocopherol in rats increases tocopherol content in blood plasma and peritoneal macrophages, while decreasing the viscosity of membrane lipids in macrophages.
What is α-Tocopherol?5 answersα-Tocopherol, also known as vitamin E, is a potent antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species and plays vital physiological roles in gene expression, cell signaling, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. It has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects and can protect against neurodegenerative diseases by reducing inflammation and preserving the morphology and function of microglial cells. α-Tocopherol derivatives have also been synthesized and tested for their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, showing promising potential as anticancer agents with selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Additionally, α-Tocopherol has been found to maintain intestinal integrity and increase the expression of tight junction proteins, which are important for maintaining the barrier function of the intestine. α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is a protein that specifically recognizes α-Tocopherol and plays a major role in determining plasma α-Tocopherol concentrations.