How does light and temperature affect the growth rate of tomatoes?5 answersLight and temperature have significant effects on the growth rate of tomatoes. Increased light intensity improved tomato growth and physiological status, especially at lower night temperatures. Fluctuations in light intensity and temperature can affect the growth of tomato plants, but storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) can buffer these effects. Tomato ripening is influenced by both light and temperature, with low-temperature conditions in the absence of light significantly delaying the transition from the green stage to the breaker stage. Light supplementation from underneath the canopy promotes the growth of tomato seedlings and improves their cold resistance by enhancing photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, light and temperature play crucial roles in tomato growth and development, with higher light intensity and lower night temperatures generally promoting growth and ripening, while fluctuations in light and temperature can be buffered by NSC storage and remobilization.
How temperature fluctuation affect tomatoes?4 answersTemperature fluctuations have a significant impact on tomatoes. Elevated temperatures can impair male meiosis in tomato plants, leading to the formation of aneuploid spores and clonal seed. Increasing average diurnal temperature can reduce fruit firmness and size, as well as affect sugar and acid contents in tomatoes. Elevated storage temperature can decrease the shelf life of tomatoes and increase fungal susceptibility. High temperatures during reproductive development can result in a decrease in fruit set and yield, although some genotypes show better tolerance to heat stress. Mild heat stress, such as a 5 °C increase above the optimum growth temperature, can induce changes in tomato plants' defensive pathways and affect the growth and virulence of pathogens like Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.
What is the effect of cold stress on tomato plants?4 answersCold stress has a negative impact on tomato plants, inhibiting growth, reducing productivity, and deteriorating fruit quality. It leads to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and electrolyte leakage, indicating oxidative stress. However, the application of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) can alleviate the inhibition of tomato seed germination under cold stress by regulating hormone content, reducing starch content, and up-regulating ROS scavenging systems. Additionally, Streptomyces sp. TOR3209, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, has been found to promote cold tolerance in tomato plants by regulating abscisic acid signaling, stress-related metabolism, and photosynthesis. Furthermore, jasmonic acid (JA) has been shown to regulate putrescine biosynthesis in tomato plants under cold conditions, with JA-induced putrescine accumulation mitigating cold-induced oxidative stress. Overall, cold stress negatively affects tomato plants, but strategies such as GB treatment, microbial inoculation, and JA signaling modulation can help alleviate its detrimental effects.
How high the temperature will hurt the tomato growth?5 answersHigh temperatures can have a negative impact on tomato growth. Exposure to high temperatures can lead to a reduction in chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, and increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Heat stress can also inhibit root development and decrease dry matter accumulation in tomato plants. Additionally, high temperatures can cause wilting of leaves, bending of stems, and accumulation of heat shock proteins. The severity of the damage caused by high temperatures can vary depending on the level of heat, exposure time, and developmental stage of the plant. Therefore, it is important to consider the effects of high temperatures on both vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato plants when evaluating heat tolerance.
How heat stress application method in tomato experiment?5 answersHeat stress application methods in tomato experiments varied across the studies. In one study, tomato plants were sprayed with gibberellic acid (GA3) at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1. Another study applied elementary sulfur through spraying at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm. A third study subjected tomato plants to controlled high temperature treatments in a water bath, increasing the temperature systematically from 35 to 60°C. The fourth study evaluated the tolerance to heat stress by comparing the pollen growth and tube development in heat-treated and non-heat-stressed conditions. Lastly, a study exposed tomato plants to heat stress of 44°C for four hours in a growth chamber and assessed physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll fluorescence. These studies employed different methods to apply heat stress and evaluate the response of tomato plants.
How does temperature affect growth rate of tomato plants?4 answersTemperature has a significant impact on the growth rate of tomato plants. High temperatures can lead to morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes that affect plant growth and development, potentially resulting in reduced economic yield. The optimum mean daily temperature for tomato plants is around 25-30°C, and exceeding this range can negatively affect plant growth and development. Sub-optimal temperatures can decrease leaf and truss initiation rates, resulting in a lower relative growth rate. Additionally, fruit set can be reduced at sub-optimal temperatures due to poorer pollen quality, and the period between anthesis and ripening of the fruit can increase, leading to larger fruits. Higher temperatures can increase early yield but may cause a delay in later trusses. Overall, temperature plays a crucial role in determining the growth rate and development of tomato plants, with both high and low temperatures having adverse effects on various stages of plant growth.