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How to measure the adsorbate-induces surface stress? 


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To measure adsorbate-induced surface stress, various methods have been developed. One approach involves utilizing ultrasonic measurements to determine the dependence of the adsorbate's longitudinal modulus on the adsorption-induced normal pressure in nanoporous materials, enabling the calculation of changes in surface stress at the solid-liquid interface . Another method involves using a surface stress sensor based on a MEMS FabryPerot interferometer integrated with a photodiode, which enhances sensitivity through nonlinear optical transmittance changes. This sensor utilizes a deformable membrane with low Young's modulus for significant deformation upon molecular adsorption, allowing for precise measurement of surface stress changes . These techniques provide valuable insights into understanding and quantifying adsorbate-induced surface stress in various materials.

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Surface stress induced by adsorbates can be measured using a MEMS Fabry-Perot interferometer integrated with a photodiode, detecting molecular adsorption-induced diaphragm deformation, as demonstrated in the study.
Measure adsorbate-induced surface stress by determining the adsorbate's longitudinal modulus dependence on normal pressure using ultrasonic measurements, enabling assessment of changes in surface stress in nanoporous materials.
Surface stress induced by adsorbates can be measured by analyzing resonant frequency shifts of a microcantilever, as demonstrated in the study through a new efficient method utilizing two resonant frequencies.
Surface stress induced by adsorbates can be measured by comparing surface stress versus potential curves with electrocapillary curves, as shown in single-crystal Au electrode experiments in the paper.
The adsorbate-induced surface stress can be measured using a MEMS Fabry-Perot interferometer integrated with a photodiode, detecting a 50 nm diaphragm deformation after immobilization of anti-BSA.

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