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What are the pros and cons of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors compared to single photon avalanche diodes?

Electron-beam lithography

Photon counting

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) offer exceptional time resolution, high detection efficiency, and fast recovery times, making them critical for various applications like quantum communication and remote sensing . However, SNSPDs typically require cryocoolers due to their low critical temperatures, adding to the cost and bulkiness of the system . On the other hand, single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are known for their high speed and low dark count rates, but they may lack the same level of time resolution and efficiency as SNSPDs . SNSPDs based on high-temperature superconductors have shown promise in enabling single-photon detection at elevated temperatures, expanding the operational range of these detectors . In contrast, SPADs may be more straightforward to operate and integrate due to their simpler structure compared to SNSPDs .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Mid-infrared timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Gregor G. Taylor, Ewan N. MacKenzie, Boris Korzh, A. Morozov, Bruce Bumble, Andrew D. Beyer, Jason P. Allmaras, Matthew D. Shaw, Robert H. Hadfield - Show less +8 more 21 Nov 2022-Applied Physics Letters 1 Citations	Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer fast timing jitter, advantageous for mid-infrared applications, while single-photon avalanche diodes excel in visible to telecom wavelengths. Trade-offs include sensitivity and spectral range limitations.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Single-photon detection using high-temperature superconductors 11 Aug 2022	Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer high detection efficiency, fast recovery times, and low noise, but require cryocoolers. Single-photon avalanche diodes have lower efficiency but operate at room temperature.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Single-photon detection using high-temperature superconductors Ilya Charaev, Denis A. Bandurin, Anthony Bollinger, I Y Phinney, Ilya Drozdov, Marco Colangelo, Brenden A. Butters, Takashi Taniguchi, X. S. He, Owen Medeiros, Ivan Bozovic, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Karl K. Berggren - Show less +12 more 11 Aug 2022-Nature Nanotechnology 10 Citations	Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer high efficiency, low noise, and fast recovery but require cryocoolers. In contrast, single-photon avalanche diodes are compact and operate at room temperature.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Superconducting single-photon detectors fabricated via a focused electron beam-induced deposition process Stephan Steinhauer, A. Iovan, Samuel Gyger, Val Zwiller - Show less +3 more 01 Apr 2023-AIP Advances	Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer high performance in single-photon counting with excellent time resolution and potential for integration on unconventional substrates, unlike single-photon avalanche diodes.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI High comprehensive performance superconducting nanowire single photon detector Yang Xiao-Yan, Zhang Tian-Zhu, Xiao You, You Li-xing, Li Hao - Show less +4 more 01 Jan 2023-Chinese Physics	Pros of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors: high speed, efficiency, low jitter, broadband absorption. Cons: geometric limitations, counterbalanced performance indicators. Not addressed in the paper.

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