How termite resist against pathogen?5 answersTermites exhibit various mechanisms to resist pathogens. Social immunity, gut symbionts, and antimicrobial compounds play crucial roles. Termites can evolve resistance through behavioral changes or physiological mechanisms. Genetic diversity does not directly correlate with pathogen resistance in colonies; instead, factors like differential virulence and immune priming influence resistance. In response to infection, termites alter behaviors to limit disease transmission, with infected individuals potentially benefitting from grooming by nestmates. Additionally, termites produce fungistatic compounds like mellein to combat pathogenic fungi, showcasing diverse anti-pathogenic defenses. Overall, termites employ a combination of social behaviors, symbiotic relationships, and antimicrobial defenses to resist pathogens effectively.
What is flavonoid?5 answersFlavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in plants, particularly in fruits, vegetables, and other plant parts. They are responsible for the diverse colors seen in plants and possess various biological activities. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and other beneficial effects. They can scavenge reactive oxygen species, enhance antioxidant defenses, chelate metals, modulate immune cells and transcription factors, and inhibit nitric oxide. Flavonoids also exhibit anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic, anti-ulcer, and anti-obesity properties. However, their oral administration as therapeutics faces challenges related to stability, bioefficacy, and bioavailability. Nanocarrier systems, such as nanocapsules, nanospheres, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and micelles, are being explored to improve the targeted and efficient delivery of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been used in traditional medicine for various ailments and have shown anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-cancer, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant potential. Despite their lower bioavailability, flavonoids remain a promising group of bioactive compounds with significant health benefits.
How flavonoid work a insecticide?5 answersFlavonoids work as insecticides by acting on pests in various ways. They can be formulated into different products such as dusts, sprays, shampoos, and soaps, and can be applied directly to infested organic matter or bound to a solid support. These formulations are effective against a range of pests including mosquitoes, ants, cockroaches, lice, ticks, and pathogenic fungi and insects. Flavonoids are not phytotoxic to the treated host plant, allowing for treatment of various plant parts such as leaves and roots. They are also capable of protecting crops and vegetables from damage caused by ultraviolet rays in sunlight, enhancing the pathogenic activity of virus particles and toxic proteins, and inhibiting the spread of pathogenic bacteria. Overall, flavonoids have shown to have insecticidal properties and can be used as a natural alternative for pest control.
How flavonoids work as insect killer?5 answersFlavonoids have been found to work as insect killers by acting as general toxicants, growth inhibitors, reproduction inhibitors, repellents, and oviposition deterrents. They are phenolic secondary metabolites found in a wide range of plant tissues, possessing antioxidant activity. Insects can discriminate among flavonoids, and these compounds can modulate the feeding and oviposition behavior of insects. Some flavonoids have been tested against insects and have shown feeding deterrent activity and larvicidal activity. The specific mechanisms by which flavonoids kill insects and their role in the evolution of host range in insect-plant interactions are still being studied. Flavonoids derived from plants, such as Ageratum conyzoides and Passiflora foetida, have shown potential as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides for mosquito control and larvae deterrence. Methods and compositions based on natural flavonoid aldehydes have been developed for use as pesticides against various pests, including mosquitoes.
What are the different flavonoids?2 answersFlavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds found in foods of plant origin. They can be divided into six major classes: flavanones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, isoflavones, and flavones. Flavonoids provide flavor and color to fruits and vegetables and have been reported to have various health benefits, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. They have also been associated with a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Flavonoids are present in many medicinal plants and have been studied for their efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. They have been shown to have anti-tumor properties and can regulate cell division and proliferation. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that dietary intake of flavonoids reduces the risk of cancer.
What is Flavonoids?5 answersFlavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds found in plants. They possess antioxidant properties and have the ability to scavenge free radicals. Flavonoids are classified into four major groups: flavanols, flavones, anthocyanidins, and isoflavonoids. They are present in dietary foods and have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Certain flavonoids, such as baicalein and its glycosides, have been clinically experimented with and have shown medicinal activities, including anticancer properties. Flavonoids are known for their beneficial effects on health and are being studied for their potential applications in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and cosmetic products. They have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties, and can modulate key cellular enzyme function. Flavonoids can be used as nutraceutical agents and have potential therapeutic applications against various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, hepatitis, and osteoporosis. They are naturally occurring compounds obtained from plants and can be extracted through different methods. Flavonoids can also be synthesized in labs using specific chemicals.