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What stimuli induce neutrophil activation? 


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Neutrophil activation can be induced by various stimuli. High glucose levels, which are associated with type 2 diabetes, activate neutrophils and affect their response to infections . Simultaneous ligation of two different receptors is required for efficient activation of neutrophils . Hyperglycemia-induced protein glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can also activate neutrophils . Inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can induce a transcriptional network in neutrophils, leading to their activation . Additionally, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are involved in gouty arthritis, can activate human neutrophils and contribute to the acute inflammatory response associated with gout .

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The paper does not explicitly mention the stimuli that induce neutrophil activation. The paper focuses on the identification of a transcriptional network induced in neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli.
The stimuli that induce neutrophil activation in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are high glucose, homocysteine, and LPS (lipopolysaccharide).
The stimuli that induce neutrophil activation in the provided paper are human serum albumin (HSA) glycated with methylglyoxal (MG) and adsorbed onto mineral microparticles composed of calcium carbonate nanocrystals (vaterite polymorph, CC) or hydroxyapatite nanowires (CP).
The paper states that neutrophil activation requires simultaneous ligation of two different receptors, but it does not specifically mention which stimuli induce neutrophil activation.

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