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Where did the RNA come from to make the Covid vaccine? 

Immune system
RNA
Medicine
Flavivirus
Immunization

Answers from top 7 papers

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Papers (7)Insight
Journal Article•DOI
Flavivirus immunization with capsid-deletion mutants: basics, benefits, and barriers.
Christian W. Mandl
15 Dec 2004-Viral Immunology
24 Citations
This approach can be applied to produce either attenuated strains that can serve as live vaccines or to make a new type of a genetic vaccine consisting of non-infectious RNA replicons from which subviral particles are synthesized in vivo.
Journal Article•DOI
RNA based vaccines.
Georgetta Cannon, Drew Weissman 
01 Dec 2002-DNA and Cell Biology
105 Citations
RNA, on the other hand, is readily taken up and expressed by DC, making it an alternative vaccine candidate.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
DNA-launched live-attenuated vaccines for biodefense applications
Peter Pushko, Igor S. Lukashevich, Scott C. Weaver, Irina Tretyakova 
25 Apr 2016-Expert Review of Vaccines
20 Citations
The RNA initiates limited replication of a genetically defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in the tissues of the vaccine recipient, thereby inducing a protective immune response.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice.
Dorottya Laczkó, Michael J. Hogan, Sushila A. Toulmin, Philip Hicks, Katlyn Lederer, Brian T. Gaudette, Diana Castaño, Diana Castaño, Fatima Amanat, Hiromi Muramatsu, Thomas H. Oguin, Amrita Ojha, Lizhou Zhang, Zekun Mu, Robert Parks, Tomaz B. Manzoni, Brianne Roper, Shirin Strohmeier, István Tombácz, Leslee Arwood, Raffael Nachbagauer, Katalin Karikó, Jack Greenhouse, Laurent Pessaint, Maciel Porto, Tammy Putman-Taylor, Amanda Strasbaugh, Tracey Ann Campbell, Paulo J.C. Lin, Ying K. Tam, Gregory D. Sempowski, Michael Farzan, Hyeryun Choe, Kevin O. Saunders, Barton F. Haynes, Hanne Leth Andersen, Laurence C. Eisenlohr, Laurence C. Eisenlohr, Drew Weissman, Florian Krammer, Paul Bates, David Allman, Michela Locci, Norbert Pardi 
13 Oct 2020-Immunity
230 Citations
Our findings suggest that the nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine platform can induce robust immune responses and is a promising candidate to combat COVID-19.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Extracellular RNA Sensing by Pattern Recognition Receptors.
Megumi Tatematsu, Kenji Funami, Tsukasa Seya, Misako Matsumoto 
01 Jan 2018-Journal of Innate Immunity
59 Citations
RNA are potential vaccine adjuvants for immune enhancement against cancer and provide a benefit for vaccinations.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Long noncoding RNAs are involved in multiple immunological pathways in response to vaccination.
Diógenes S. de Lima, Lucas Esteves Cardozo, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho, Andreas Suhrbier, Karim Mane, David Jeffries, Eduardo Lani Volpe da Silveira, Paulo P. Amaral, Rino Rappuoli, Rino Rappuoli, Thushan I de Silva, Thushan I de Silva, Thushan I de Silva, Helder I. Nakaya 
20 Aug 2019-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
42 Citations
We also identified altered expression of these lncRNAs in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a cohort of children following immunization with intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine, suggesting a common role across several diverse vaccines.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Frontiers in the COVID-19 vaccines development
Ehtisham Ul Haq, Jifeng Yu, Jiancheng Guo 
01 Sep 2020-Experimental hematology & oncology
16 Citations
COVID-19 vaccine efforts mark the first use of mRNA-type vaccines ever evaluated.

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