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Why do we constantly need new vaccines for RNA viruses such as influenza? 

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There is a need for influenza vaccines that give the population a broader protection against multiple strains of influenza virus.
IMPORTANCE The rapid and unpredictable nature of influenza A virus evolution requires new vaccines to be produced annually to match circulating strains.
Because of an ever-present threat of the next influenza pandemic and the continuous emergence of drift variants of seasonal influenza A viruses, there is a need for an universal influenza vaccine that induces protective immunity against all influenza A viruses.
This event highlights the necessity for developing a new generation of influenza vaccines to counteract influenza disease.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Lynda Coughlan, Peter Palese 
65 Citations
Such vaccines could provide heterologous protection against diverse influenza viruses.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for better vaccines that induce broad protection against drifted seasonal and emerging pandemic influenza viruses.
Thus, there is a large public health need to create broadly protective, or “universal,” influenza vaccines that could prevent disease from a wide variety of human and animal influenza A viruses.
Given the relatively limited protection induced by current seasonal influenza vaccines, a more universal influenza vaccine that would protect against more—if not all—influenza viruses is among the largest unmet medical needs of the 21st century.
Thus, there is a great need for cross-protective or “universal” influenza vaccines to overcome the necessity for annual immunization against seasonal influenza and to provide immunity to reduce the severity of infection with pandemic or outbreak viruses.
There is need for improved human influenza vaccines, particularly for older adults who are at greatest risk for severe disease, as well as to address the continuous antigenic drift within circulating human subtypes of influenza virus.