Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1990"

Wafer cleaning method

Abstract: A surface of a silicon wafer is treated with hydrogen fluoride. Subsequently, the surface is cleaned with choline, choline-derivative and/or tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide. Impurities are removed from the surface by cations from the cleaning agent. Further, hydroxyl groups from the cleaning agent cause the surface to become hydrophilic, preventing the formation of droplets which would otherwise roll along and contaminate the surface.

Remover solution for photoresist

Abstract: The remover solution of the invention comprises (A) from 35 to 80% by weight of an alcoholic solvent such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, (B) from 10 to 40% by weight of an organic solvent which is a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, e.g., 1,2-dichlorobenzene and methylene chloride, an ether solvent, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, or an aromatic solvent, e.g., benzene and xylene, and (C) from 0.1 to 25% by weight of a quaternay ammonium compound such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and trimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium hydroxide. Different from conventional remover solutions which only can swell cured photoresist compositions, the inventive remover solution has a power to completely dissolve a cured photoresist layer to give a quite satisfactory result in the removing works of patterned photoresist layers in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

Low temperature process for converting silica precursor coatings to ceramic silica coatings by exposure to ammonium hydroxide or an environment to which water vapor and ammonia vapor have been added

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a ceramic coating on a substrate. The method comprises coating the substrate with a solution comprising a solvent and a silica precursor followed by evaporating the solvent to form a preceramic coating. The preceramic coating is then exposed to an environment comprising ammonium hydroxide or an environment to which water vapor and ammonia vapor have been added to facilitate conversion of the silica precursor to the ceramic coating. The preceramic coating is then subjected to a temperature sufficient to facilitate conversion of said preceramic coating to a ceramic coating.

Depolymerization method of heparin

Abstract: A method of depolymerizing heparin to obtain a heparin with low molecular weight provided with antithrombotic activity comprises treating a quarternary ammonium salt of heparin with a quarternary ammonium hydroxide.

Electric double layer capacitor

Abstract: PURPOSE: To make an internal resistance smaller and a capacity higher by constituting an apparatus of polarizable electrodes using an activated carbon block formed by carbonization and activation of a resin foam and of an aqueous electrolytic solution coming in contact with the electrodes CONSTITUTION: An activated carbon block is formed by carbonization and activation of a phenol formalin resin foam, substantially has an open-cell structure and has 01g/cm 3 or more bulk density and 500m 2 /g or more specific surface area A pair of polarizable electrodes 1, 1 using the block and separator 3 arranged between are housed in a case 5 and impregnated with an aqueous electrolytic solution The electrolyte of the aqueous electrolytic solution is at least one sort selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid as inorganic acid, borate tetrafluoride, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide as inorganic base, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, chlorides such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride, and carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and ammonium carbonate COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

Several uses for isobutyric Acid-ammonium hydroxide solvent in endotoxin analysis.

Abstract: Many steps in the analysis of rough and semirough endotoxins were found to be facilitated by the use of isobutyric acid-ammonium hydroxide solvent. Images

Liquid detergent composition containing alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl ethonal ether sulfate, alkanolamide foam booster and magnesium and triethanolammonium ions

Abstract: An aqueous light duty liquid detergent composition consisting essentially of, by weight, 10% to 50% of a mixture of a water-soluble alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent salt and a water-soluble alkyl ethenoxy ether sulfate detergent salt in a weight ratio of sulfonate to sulfate in the range of about 0.8:1 to 2:1; about 1% to 8% of an alkanoic acid mono- or di-ethanolamide foam booster; at least about 0.5% to 1.8% of magnesium ions; triethanolammonium ions in an amount to provide a weight ratio of magnesium ion to triethanolammonium ion of 2:1 to 1:2.4; and the balance an aqueous medium, said composition having a pH of 5 to 8 and exhibiting improved oily soil removal and oily solid emulsification properties at a temperature of 18° C. to 26° C. as compared to the same composition without the magnesium and triethanolammonium ions. A method of making said composition comprising the steps of neutralizing alkylbenzene sulfonic acid with magnesium hydroxide to a pH of about 1.5 and thereafter adding sodium hydroxide to increase the pH to the range of 5 to 7, neutralizing the alkyl ethenoxy ether sulfuric acid with a mixture of triethanolamine and ammonium hydroxide, admixing the sulfonate salt with the sulfate salt and thereafter adding said alkanoic acid alkanolamide in liquid form with agitation to form a homogeneous liquid detergent composition. Also described is a method of cleaning articles having oily or greasy soil or a metal or glazed surface comprising contacting said soiled article with water having dissolved therein from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the subject light duty liquid detergent composition.

Mousse hair composition

Abstract: The mousse hair composition of the invention comprises a resin provided by about 3-15% by weight of about a 20-50% alcoholic solution of the half-alkyl ester of a C1 -C5 alkyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer having a molecular weight of at least one million, which is about 5-90% neutralized, preferably with about 0.15-1.0% by weight of ammonium hydroxide, about 60-95% by weight of water, about 0.3-2.0% by weight of a surfactant, and about 0-30% by weight of added ethanol.

Thermosetting coating composition and pigmented film formation

Abstract: A thermosetting coating composition comprising as essential components: (a) a hydroxyl group-containing base resin, (b) an alicyclic polyepoxide crosslinking agent, and (c) a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and a metal chelate.

Aqueous process for preparing water-resistant coatings of hydrophobic copolymers made from hydrophilic monomers

Abstract: An aqueous process is described for preparing water-resistant coatings of hydrophobic copolymers of a predetermined composition. The hydrophobic copolymers are made from hydrophilic comonomers such as a vinyl lactam and a polymerizable carboxylic acid. The hydrophobic copolymers are rendered water soluble with a volatile neutralizing agent, such as ammonium hydroxide, then coated onto a substrate and heated to provide the water-resistant coating, and, if desired, redissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution.

Preparation of quaternary ammonium hydroxides

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a quanternary ammonium hydroxide, which comprises electrolyzing a quaternary ammonium halide in a divided electrolysis cell wherein the anode material is selected from iron, nickel, zinc, molybdenum and manganese, and an electrolysis cell specifically adapted for use in the process.

Preparation of a para-aminodiphenylamine

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a p-aminodiphenylamine comprising reacting N-phenylquinoneimine of the formula: with ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of N-phenylquinoneimine to NH₃ in the reaction mixture ranges from about 1:1 to 1:80.

Method for isolating kerogen from a mineral sample in a pressurized reaction cell

Abstract: A method for isolating kerogen from a mineral sample in a pressurized reaction cell, which permits reaction at pressures greater than two atmospheres and provides for the removal of all liquids from the cell without significant loss of sample solids, employing multiple steps of addition and removal of concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated hydrofluoric acid, concentrated ammonium hydroxide, and deionized water.

Production of aqueous dispersion of carboxylic acid salt

Abstract: PURPOSE:To readily obtain the subject dispersion of fine particles by carrying out reaction by heating and stirring at a high speed is the presence of a prescribed amount of water and emulsifying and dispersing agent and then cooling the resultant dispersion in obtaining a salt from a >=8C carboxylic acid and ammonia, aluminum, etc CONSTITUTION:A >=8C carboxylic acid (eg stearic acid) is reacted with ammonia and a group II metal of the periodic table or aluminum, oxide or hydroxide thereof (especially preferably magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, ammonium hydroxide, etc) to provide an aqueous dispersion of a carboxylate In the process, the reaction is carried out in the presence of water in an amount of 40-900 ptswt based on 100 ptswt carboxylate and an emulsifying an dispersing agent (eg potassium oleate) at 100-200 degC while being stirred at a high speed and the resultant dispersion is then cooled at <100 degC Thereby, the objective aqueous dispersion of the carboxylate improved in formation of fine particles is obtained The reaction time is short and stability of dispersion is excellent

Caustic-free sweetening of sour hydrocarbon streams

Abstract: The present invention deals with a process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptans. The process involves contacting the hydrocarbon fraction with a catalytic composite in the presence of an oxidizing agent, ammonium hydroxide and a quaternary ammonium salt other than hydroxide. The instant process does not use any strong base nor any alkali hydroxides to sweeten the sour hydrocarbon fraction and thus obviates waste disposal problems.

Purifying method for desulfurization and dust removal of flue gas

Abstract: This invention features as follows: Solid ammonium bicarbonate is used as initiator to prepare a solution that selectively reacts with SO2 and SO3 in flue gas at 100-250 deg.C by pipeline atomizing reaction to generate ammonium sulfite and ammonium sulfate; When ammonium bicarbonate is consumed up, a solution of ammonium sulfite and ammonium sulfate is separated out, which is then processed by lime to generate ammonium hydroxide for reuse; When ammonium hydroxide is in contact with CO2 and SO2, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate are generated again; And finally, all the ammonium hydroxide reacts with SO2 and SO3 to form ammonium sulfite and ammonium sulfate. Going through such circulation in flue, the matter really consumed up is lime which finally generates calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate.

Method of washing organic solvent and method of deducing volume of waste washing liquid

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide sufficient detergency, ease of handling, ease of preservation and low cost by bringing a soln. contg. choline into liquid-liquid contact with an org. solvent and separating the choline and the org. solvent after this liquid- liquid contact. CONSTITUTION:The soln. contg. the choline is brought into liquid-liquid contact with the org. solvent and the choline soln. and the org. solvent are separated after this liquid-liquid contact. The choline has the solvent regenerating power nearly equiv. to the solvent regenerating power of sodium hydroxide and can easily reduce the volume of the waste regenerating liquid by dry distillation or combustion. Since the choline can be easily synthesized by blowing an ethylene oxide into an aq. triethyl amine soln., the cost is much lower than the cost of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide.

Air purifying agent and preparation thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an air purifying agent excellent in the removing efficiency of SO2, NO2 or the like in the air generating the fading of an art object and the corrosion of the parts of communication equipment and an electronic calculator and diffusing no harmful reaction product by adding copper iodide and one or more kind of hydroxide, oxide and carbonate of a metal of the Group I or II of the Periodic Table to a carbonaneous substance. CONSTITUTION:Copper iodide and one or more kind of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, copper hydroxide, copper oxide, silver oxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, copper carbonate or potassium carbonate are added to a carbonaceous substance such as graphite, carbon black or activated carbon. In this case, since copper iodide is hardly soluble in water, said copper iodide is dissolved in an ammonium solution before addition and the resulting composition is immersed in an alkaline solution and dried under heating to strip NH3. A substance hardly soluble in water like copper oxide is also dissolved in an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution before addition and the above mentioned stripping is performed.

Waessrige colloidale dispersion aus in der gasphase hergestelltem siliciumdioxid, aus einer saeure und aus einem stabilisator, sowie ein verfahren zu ihrer hertellung

Abstract: An aqueous colloidal dispersion of fumed silica, acid and stabilizer, having a fumed silica concentration of at least 40% by weight, a concentration of acid of 0.0025-0.5 of the fumed silica and stabilizer to adjust the pH of dispersion to 7 to 12. The acid used is preferably hydrochloric acid and the stabilizer is preferably an alkali such as ammonium hydroxide. Sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric, acetic or maleic acids are also suitable acids, and sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, triethylamine and dimethylethanol amino are also suitable stabilizers.

Membrane separation of ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide

Abstract: A separation member is provided for use in the separation of ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide from a liquid containing same. The separation member comprises a porous hollow support member and a membrane which is integrally associated with the support member. The membrane is formed by subjecting the support member to a solution containing an effective amount of a polysiloxane and a silane, and if required a crosslinking agent, for a period of time sufficient to form a membrane capable of separating ammonium hydroxide and ammonium acetate. A method is also provided for separating ammonium acetate from ammonium hydroxide using the separation member. The method includes the steps of flowing through and about and in contact with the porous hollow support member (12) an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium acetate and passing air through the interior of the support member. The temperature of the air is controlled so that the temperature difference between the interior and exterior of the porous hollow suppport member is such that water and ammonium vapours are allowed to pass from the exterior of the support member to the interior of the support member. The water vapour is condensed and the ammonium vapour is converted to ammonium hydroxide. A method for preparing the separation member and a membrane module containing one or more separation modules are further provided.

Process for producing cellulose solutions, and a solvent system for cellulose

Abstract: The solvents used form a three-component system comprising at least one quaternary ammonium hydroxide, dimethyl sulphoxide and water.

Transesterification of Benzyl Phenylacetate Using Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Salt of 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene

Abstract: When benzyl phenylacetate was treated with aqueous alcohols in the presence of polymer-attached quaternary ammonium hydroxide (PCS–DBU) prepared from l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and chloromethylated polystyrene, the transesterification to methyl phenylacetate preceded the hydrolysis to phenylacetic acid. The characterization of this PCS–DBU resin was studied by comparison with other analogous resins. It was found that the PCS–DBU resin has the highest catalytic activity and the strongest attractive affinity to the substrate among the three resins studied in this work, and plays an important role in the formation of alkoxide ions by the reaction of alohols with the hydroxide ions above the resin, in the protection of the alkoxide ions against the attack of water molecules, and in the attraction of the substrate. These effects were attributed to the specific and planar bicyclic system of the DBU, including hydrophobic long alkylene groups, in addition to the lipophilic function of polymeric ske...

Aqueous coprecipitation methods for producing high temperature superconducting materials

Abstract: Methods and compositions for producing materials which exhibit high temperature superconductivity The material produced using the present invention is high in purity and is able to exhibit superconductivity at temperatures above those obtainable by liquid nitrogen The present invention discloses techniques for fabricating ceramic superconducting materials of the type having the general chemical formula MBa₂Cu₃O7-x, using an aqueous coprecipitation process According to the teachings of the present invention, the metal components of the superconducting material are first placed in solution The ratios of the various components are carefully chosen so that the final product has the desired stoichiometric ratio The solution pH is adjusted by the addition of a basic solution which contains only volatile components That is, pH is adjusted in such a manner that the pH adjustment does not leave residue of any type in the final superconducting product after the product is heated, sintered, or calcined Accordingly, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia gas and urea are generally preferred for adjusting the pH

Gas dispensing and collecting apparatus

Abstract: An elongated tube having a tube wall permeable to a gas and impermeable to a liquid is used to transfer a gas from one side of the tube wall to the other. For some purposes, such as fertilization, anhydrous ammonia is introduced into such a tube with the tube being disposed in soil at or below root level of the plants. The amount of ammonia dispensed through the tube wall is a function of the pressure of the ammonia. The ammonia may also be carried in the tube using water in which it is dissolved forming ammonium hydroxide. The same type of tube when disposed above a fermenting aqueous sugar in a fermentation vat will collect carbon dioxide resulting in enhanced fermentation. The tube may be connected to an exhaust fan. The same type of tube may be disposed in a sanitary land fill with water circulating through the tube to collect water gas formed by the decomposition of the waste material.

Microwave ceramic magnetic material manufacturing process

Abstract: Chemical process for the manufacturing of ceramic materials for microwave applications based on citrate synthesis by pyrolysis. The process belongs to the field of microwave devices ceramic materials and it a preferred application is that of electronics in general and radars in particular. This process yields ultra-fine powders through the following: - mixing of oxides and/or carbonates; - dilution of these in citric acid; - obtaining of metal-organic precipitates; - addition of citric acid and thereafter of ammonium hydroxide. By heating this solution up to a pre-established temperature, self ignition takes place caused by the ammonium nitrate. Thus the new ceramic-magnetic material is obtained in the form of a homogeneous ultra-fine powder.

Photoresist developing liquid

Abstract: PURPOSE: To make a developing soln. substantially free from metal ions by incorporating quat. ammonium hydroxide and N,N-dialkylalkanolamine as active components and specifying the weight ratio between them and the total concn. CONSTITUTION: This developing soln. is an aq. soln. of a positive type photoresist developer contg. quat. ammonium hydroxide and N,N- dialkylalkanolamine as active components. The pref. weight ratio between the former and latter is 10:1 to 1:20, especially 1:1 to 1:10. The pref. total amt. of them in the soln. is 1-30wt.%, especially 4-12wt.%. This developing soln. has a very low metal ion content and it is unnecessary that expensive deionized water is used so as to remove a trace of metal ions.

Process for the chromatographic determination of ions

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the chromatographic determination of ions, particularly anions on a reversed-phase column, in which sample ions are introduced into a mobile phase containing a modifier and a counterion, the mobile phase with the modifier, counterion and sample ions is passed through the column and, after separation with the aid of a suitable detection method, preferably an indirect UV-detection method, the individual sample ions are determined quantitatively via the decrease the counterion concentration in the eluate. In this process the mobile phase is a mixture of water and an organic solvent and has a pH-value of more than 5. The modifier used is a quaternary ammonium hydroxide of formula in which at least one radical is a straight-chained or branched alkyl radical with at least 8 and up to 20, more particularly 12 to 18 C-atoms. Prior to the passage of the mobile phase containing the sample ions, the reversed-phase column is preferably brought into equilibrium with the modifier, particularly with the modifier and the counterion. Trimethyl hexadecyl ammonium hydroxide is preferable used as the quaternary ammonium hydroxide. The invention also relates to the use of said quaternary ammonium hydroxides for the quantitative chromatographic determination of ions and in particular for the determination of inorganic anions, as well as to a reversed-phase material chromatographic column obtained through the conditioning with the modifier.

Base-Catalyzed Silica Gels: Structure and Chemistry

Abstract: The chemical and physical properties of two base-catalyzed silica gels systems were characterized. The sol-gel transition was studied by titration, rheometry, and NMR. Pyrolysis behavior was monitored by TGA and mass spectroscopy. Many characteristics were strikingly similar for the two base-catalyzed systems. However ammonium hydroxide additions resulted in heterogeneities at lower concentrations than ammonium carbonate. Ammonium carbonate enhanced oxidation on pyrolysis.

Process for production of calcium carbonate

Abstract: A fine calcium carbonate having a particle size 100-1000nm is produced by continuously reacting 5-30 wt% calcium chloride with ammonium hydroxide, surfactant or inorganic salt under the condition of carbon dioxide 1-10atm at 10-30 C in the pressurized reactor The organic salt is sodiumtripolyphosphate, ZnCl2, MgCl2 or Al2(SO4)3 The calcium carbonate is used in the field of paper, rubber, plastic, pigment and cosmetic industry