Showing papers on "Angular displacement published in 1985"

Radiation therapy for cancer patients

Abstract: Apparatus for irradiating a patient comprises a source of a radiation beam directed along a radiation axis. The source is mounted for pivotable movement about a first horizontal axis substantially normal to the radiation axis, whereby the beam is capable of an angular scan in a vertical plane. In a preferred embodiment the apparatus is positioned so that the midplane between the pole surfaces substantially includes the first horizontal axis. A table is adapted to support a patient to be irradiated. A suspension unit mounts the table for arcuate movement to any of a plurality of positions angularly spaced about the first horizontal axis and for pivoting movement about a second horizontal axis displaced from and substantially parallel to the first horizontal axis. The suspension unit maintains the second horizontal axis in substantially intersecting relation to the radiation axis in each such position while maintaining a fixed angular position of the table with respect to the environment.

Crank angle detecting system for engines

Abstract: A crank angle detecting system for a multicylinder engine includes a disc formed with a large number of slits to detect one-degree crank angular positions and a small number of slits to detect a predetermined piston stroke for each cylinder. Since the widths of a small number of slits are different from each other, it is possible to separately discriminate each cylinder in crank angular position on the basis of the crank angle signals obtained by a large number of slits. In the case where the detecting system is incorporated with a group-ignition system, it is possible to detect a predetermined piston stroke for each cylinder immediately after the engine is started, thus preventing the engine from erroneous ignition.

Fluid level sensor

Abstract: A fluid level sensor comprising a pivoted float which contains a solid-state inclinometer that produces sensitive electrical output signal responsive to angular displacement of the float from the direction of gravity. The float is capable of resolving very small changes in liquid level in a vessel, and thereby indicating or warning of small leaks from the vessel. A reference inclinometer may also be provided for producing a reference signal to compensate for fluid level signal errors caused by motion of the vessel.

Angular displacement sensor

Abstract: A rotational displacement sensor includes a pair of coils stationarily mounted adjacent a rotatable cam formed of a metallic material. The coils are energized by high frequency alternating current. A differential amplifier is connected to the coils such that the output of the amplifier is linearly proportional to the rotational angular displacement of the cam relative to the coils.

Apparatus for measuring rate of angular displacement

Abstract: A shaft angle encoder comprises a code disc (21) mountable coaxially upon a rotary shaft (20) whose angular position is to be continuously measured. Coarse-bit angular position data are encoded digitally in Gray code by a pattern of opaque and transparent sectors provided on a plurality of inner annular tracks on the code disc (21). Fine-bit angular position data are encoded in analog triangular waveforms generated by the outermost annular track on the code disc (21). The analog position data are converted to fine-bit digital values, which are combined with coarse-bit digital values to obtain an angular position measurement. Alignment of the fine-bit digital values with the coarse-bit digital values obtained from the Gray code position data is accomplished by using information provided by overlapping the least significant bit of the coarse-bit digital values with the most significant bit of the fine-code digital values.

Goniometric feedback device and method for monitoring angles of body joints

Abstract: A goniometric feedback device and an associated method for monitoring the relative angular position of two human body portions hinged at a common joint utilize a brace mechanism, transducer circuits, an array of selection light-emitting diodes (LEDs), an array of movement response LEDs, indicia associating with each LED array with a series of angular values, preselection circuits and sensing circuits. The brace mechanism includes two brace sections securable to the two body portions, and the transducer circuits provide an output electrical signal which varies in strength in response to a change in the relative angular position between the two brace sections so that the output signal strength corresponds to the relative angular position between the two brace sections. The preselection circuits permit one LED in the array of selection LEDs to be activated to indicate to a user a target angular displacement which the user subsequently attempts to achieve by moving the two body portions, and hence the two brace sections, relative to one another. The sensing circuits sense the strength of the output signal and activate an LED in the array of movement response LEDs which corresponds to the relative angular position of the two brace sections for providing information to the user of progress toward achieving target angular displacement. Additional circuits in the device provide READY and GO signals to the user, provide the user with an audible signal when the angular displacement of the body portions exceeds the target angular displacement by a predetermined angular displacement, and permit the device to be connected to a recording instrument for recording a plot of relative angular position of the two body portions with respect to time.

Apparatus for the angular adjustment of a shaft, such as a camshaft, with respect to a drive wheel

Abstract: Apparatus for the angular displacement of a shaft, such as a camshaft, with respect to a drive wheel comprising a coupling having opposed cylinders by which an active relative displacement can be effected in opposite directions. The position of the shaft and of the drive wheel is determined by pulse transmitters and sensors and is evaluated in an electronic circuit for the determination of the angular displacement and its control.

Response spectra for torsion, rocking and rigid foundations

Abstract: Simple procedures are proposed for computing response spectra for torsional and rocking input ground motions assuming horizontally travelling waves of constant shape. It is shown that harmonic relationships exist between the rotational spectra and the corresponding translational spectra, and that SV rather than PSV is the correct basis for deriving the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration response spectra. An approximation enabling the use of the standard tripartite logarithmic response spectra is discussed. Simple expressions for ‘accidental’ eccentricity and rocking input effects are presented. Also proposed are multipliers to spectral ordinates to account for the filtering effects of rigid base mats resting on Winkler type foundations. For wave transit times shorter than half the natural period of the structure, these multipliers can be approximated by the frequency dependent averaging coefficients given in the literature, which are dependent, however, on the response, rather than the input, frequency.

Adjustable head support for chiropractic table

Abstract: An adjustable head support for a chiropractic table includes a base with a platen spaced above the base and interconnected for angular displacement relative to the base about an axis longitudinally thereof. An adjustable control system is provided for selectively controlling the amount of angular displacement between the base and the platen. The axis of rotational displacement of the platen is spaced above a head cushion supported above the platen and the axis generally coincides with the spinal column or vertabrae of a patient resting on the chiropractic table.

Non-contact shaft angle detector

Abstract: 57 Apparatus and method for non-contact determination of shaft angle utilizes a patterned disc secured to the shaft or other rotor being observed. The disc has sectors of different optical properties whereby radiant energy directed to the disc will be encoded by the sectored pattern. A set of detectors, which each correspond to one of the sectors, provides variable output signals according to the amount of radiant energy attenuated by the disc and directed onto the detectors. These signals are converted to a set of digital signals which define a unique rotational positon, and a computing means calculates angular position from these signals. The computing means will, if necessary, compare the digital output signals and then calculate angular position in a manner which is insensitive to small deenters (or lack of concentricity) in the arrangement of the shaft, disc, detectors, and any associated optical system.

Apparatus for making non-contact angular deflection measurements

Abstract: An angular displacement indicating apparatus includes internal and external magnets disposed so that the external magnet tracks the internal magnet when a shaft to which the internal magnet is connected rotates. The external magnet is connected to a rotary variable differential transformer, for example, so that the external magnet moves from a null position in response to rotation of the internal shaft thereby causing the transformer to generate an electrical signal proportional to the angle of rotation of the shaft. Embodiments of the invention include external connecting mechanisms which can be moved to physically indicate the actual angle of deflection of the internal shaft.

Non-singular industrial robot wrist

Abstract: The end of a robot arm includes two links, a first or inner link supported rotatably about a central axis and an end link at which a tool is carried Located between the links are a rod and a tube whose longitudinal axes are concentric Each of four gimbal rings is used as a member of a universal joint that connects the links, the rod and the tube The links are connected by two universal joints in series, and the rod connects these joints The links are also connected by two other universal joints in series and the tube connects this second pair of joints The first and second pairs of universal joints connected in series are connected to one another in parallel Gimbal rings rotatably supported on the tube and on the links for angular movement about yaw axis provide rotational support for the links and the connecting rod about the pitch axis Actuating rods connected to the inner set of gimbal rings produce articulation of the wrist about these axis when the rods are actuated Angular pitch displacement and angular yaw displacement are equalized between the inner set of gimbal rings and the outer set of gimbal rings by tension members Alternatively, continuously meshing gear wheel portions equalize yaw and pitch rotational displacement, respectively

Method and apparatus for protecting press from being damaged by overload conditions

Abstract: The present invention discloses method and apparatus of protecting a press from being damaged not only under the pressure overload condition, but also under the torsion, power, and energy overload conditions by detecting means for detecting the angular displacement of the crank shaft or the fly wheel of the press, and by means of a digital information processor or a microcomputer for calculating the angular velocity, angular acceleration, pressure, torsion, power, and energy load values, and for monitoring the four overload conditions. When at least one of the overload conditions occurs, the digital information processor will immediately send out an overload signal to effect the proper protecting process, including braking the press and releasing the hydraulic buffer means of the press to reduce the impulse of the press.

Angular-position adjuster of a rotary driving part coupled to a rotary driven part

Abstract: A device according to the invention comprising a ring (20) having, on its internal surface, coupling means with a shaft, in this case a steering column (10), and, on its external surface means of coupling with a member, such as the hub (11) of a steering wheel, said ring (20) being capable of translation by means of a control means, at least one of the couplings being adapted to determine in addition to a translation of the ring, an angular displacement of the hub (11) relative to the steering column (10), is characterized in that the control means comprises a screw (25) with an axis parallel to the axes of rotation of the elements ( 10, 11) and which, by cooperation with the ring (20) on the one hand, and the hub (11) on the other hand, is capable of ensuring, by a controlled rotation, the translation of the ring (20). Application in particular to the adjustment of the angular position of the steering wheel, fitted to all types of passenger and utility vehicles.

Structure and Motion of a Rigid Object Having Unknown Constant Motion

Abstract: A method to estimate the underlying motion and the structure of an unknown rigid object is presented. This approach differs from previous techniques in the relationship assumed between successive motions. With this assumption, the number of feature points can be reduced to only two which would otherwise be not interpretable by previous method[4] even if finitely many frames could be used. A closly t:e1ated assumption can be found in [1]. Several results are established: (1) There are two ambiguities when I.hree frames ace used. (2) There is a unique interpretation for !he underlying motion and structure when a fourth frame is included. (3) The uniqueness theorem was proved by a geomelric method which leads to an efficient, simple, and reliable algorithm. (4) Necessary crileria to rejectlhe suitabiltiy of the assumption are stated for three and four frames. (5) Many test examples are reported with detailed implementation experience. They reveal that the algorithm is stable.

Arrangement for determining the instantaneous angular position of a moving object

Abstract: A simple accurate arrangement for determining the instantaneous angular position of a moving object comprises rotation acceleration sensors located in reference axes of the article. Because of the double integration, the low-frequency static angular signal obtained is not reliable so that a device for measuring the static angle is used which supplies these values accurately, it is true, but which is not reliable in high-frequency respects. A correct angular signal is obtained by filter circuits and mixing. A piezoelectric element is used in the rotation acceleration sensor, while the device for measuring the static angle is an electrolytic levelling instrument. Use in vehicle navigation (Figure 3).

Virtually steerable parametric acoustic array

Abstract: The invention concerns an application of linear system parameter estimation techniques to finite amplitude sonar devices, to extract fine grained angular position information about echo sources. The invention makes use of the fact that the waveform return by a reflecting object within the sonar's beam varies according to its relative angular position from the receiver, and a discovery that this variation may be fit to a linear system model using autoregressive estimation theory to extract the nature of the variation. In all cases, the information is extracted without the mechanical or electrical steering of the sonar transmitting beam.

Apparatus for measuring torque of a shaft

Abstract: Torque of a shaft 12 is measured by providing a radiation source 16 and a radiation sensor 17 and interposing two radially slotted discs 10B, 11B each respectively mounted at one end 10A, 11A on the shaft 12 but rotatable at the disc ends on bearings 14 on the shaft. When the shaft rotates torque causes relative angular movement between the normally aligned radial slots and a reduction in radiation reaching the sensor 17; and electronic circuit responsive to the output of the sensor provides an indication of the torque. The apparatus may be calibrated statically and can be used for detecting small angular displacement with high shaft vibration.

Controlling device for electrically driven mirror of car

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable the angular position of a mirror to be positively set by controlling the change in the angle of an electrically driven mirror based on the specified control pattern which is set in advance, depending on signals from a detecting means which detects both driving operations and running conditions of a car. CONSTITUTION:A drive section 8 is controlled based on signals from a manual operation switch 1 through a CPU2 so that the angle of a mirror 9 can be adjusted manually. Signals detected by such sensors as a reverse switch 3 which detects that a gear is shifted to a back position, a car speed sensor 4, switches 5 and 6 for a right and left direction indicator and a body inclination sensor 7 are inputted into the CPU2 so as to output control signals for adjusting a mirror angle based on the specified control pattern which is set in advance, when a car runs backward, when the car changes a lane while running at a high speed, and when the car is inclined. The mirror 9 is detected by an angle sensor 10 so as to be fed back to the CPU2.

Integral rotational displacement sensor for an hydraulic motor

Abstract: An integral sensor for an hydraulic motor measures speed, torque and rotation displacement produced by the motor by combining pressures produced in pressure chambers of the hydraulic motor as the rotor rotates enabling a pressure sensor to provide a pressure signal defined by at least three states which permits incremental movement of the rotor to be determined. Zero positioning determined by coupling pressure through the rotor to create a unique occurrence reflected in the pressure signal once per revolution.

Space-referenced, rate-stabilized multiple-gimbal-platform system

Abstract: A space-referenced, rate-stabilized gimbal platform system for use in a vehicle. The system includes a master gimbal mounted to the vehicle frame and having a master platform that is pivotable with respect to a first axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and pivotable with respect to a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis; a two-axis rate gyroscope mounted to the master platform; and a slave gimbal having a slave platform for supporting directional apparatus, such as an antenna or sensor. The slave platform is pivotable with respect to a third axis that is parallel to the first axis and pivotable with respect to a fourth axis that is perpendicular to the third axis. The system further includes a pair of angular rate servo loop systems for rate stabilizing the master platform with respect to the first and second axes and a pair of angular position servo loop systems for stabilizing the slave platform with respect to the third and fourth axes in accordance with the position of the master platform with respect to the first and second axes respectively, to thereby cause the orientation of the directional apparatus to track the orientation of the gyroscope. The servo loop systems decouple the platforms from the motion of the frame of the vehicle at lower frequencies and the gimbals are directly driven to improve decoupling at high frequencies above the bandwidth of the servo loops.

Optical excitation electromagnetic motor

Abstract: An optical excitation electromagnet brushless motor comprises a stator having at least two angularly separated stator coils; a transistorized amplifier connected to the stator coils and connectable to a power source for exciting the stator coils when the amplifier is activated; a rotor rotatably mounted about an axis with respect to the stator and carrying at least two angularly spaced rotor magnets each for generating a permanent magnetic field for interaction with magnetic fields generated by the stator coils when energized by the amplifier to cause rotation of the rotor about the axis; a disc mounted for rotation with the rotor and having at least one port therein extending radially on the disc with respect to the axis and rotatable about the axis, the port being at a selected angular position with respect to the rotor magnets; an arm mounted for radial movement with respect to the disc; a light transmitter and a light receiver mounted on the arm on opposite sides of the disc for the passage of light from the transmitter to the receiver through the port when the port passes between the light transmitter and light receiver, the light receiver being connected to the transistorized amplifier for energizing the transistorized amplifier when receiving light from the light transmitter through the port, a speed of rotation of the rotor being determined by a radial position of the arm with respect to the axis and a direction of rotation of the rotor being determined by an angular position of the port with respect to the rotor magnets.

Control for stabilizing the alignment position of the rotor of a synchronous motor

Abstract: A method and apparatus for damping oscillations in the rotor load angle of a synchronous motor to provide stable rotational alignment in high precision applications. The damping method includes sensing the angular position of the rotor and utilizing the position signal to generate an error signal in response to changes in the period of rotation of the rotor. The error signal is coupled to phase shift amplifiers which shift the phase of the motor drive signal in a direction to damp out the oscillations in the rotor load angle.

System for producing angular displacement

Abstract: A system for producing angular displacement about a first axes (A) of an output member (9) which is also angularly displaceable about a second axis (B) transverse to the first axis comprising a drive motor (27) having a stator (29) on a frame (11) and a rotor (31) on a drive transmission member (15) mounted for rotation about the second axis (B) and coupled to the output member (9) to alter its angular position about the first axis (A). A first pick up means (41) senses the angular position of the output member (9) about the second axis (B) with respect to the frame (11) and a second pick up means (39) senses the angular position of the transmission member (15) about the second axis (B) with respect to the frame (11), and a servo loop (47) responsive to the pick up outputs and an angular displacement demand signal drives the motor (27). One particular application of the system is for helicopter rotor blade pitch control, the first axis then being the rotor blade pitch axis and the second axis the rotor rotation axis.

Optimal design of thin-walled I beams undergoing torsion

Abstract: The problem of minimum volume design of a thin-walled I beam undergoing torsion is investigated. The behaviour of the beam is described in accord with the theory of thin-walled beams with nondeformable cross-section. The constraint conditions on normal stress level, the magnitude of rotational displacement at a specified cross-section and the extreme values of the cross-section dimensions variable along the beam axis are discussed. An iterative method of solution based upon the optimality condition derived with aid of Pontryagin's maximum principle is developed. A numerical example of a cantilever I beam with variable width of flanges is presented.

Variable orbital drive mechanism

Abstract: A mechanism for imparting relative orbital motion to at least two associated driven elements The driven elements are driven in an eccentric path, usually with a common drive axis, where the angular displacement of each such path is controlled while relative rotation of the driven elements is precluded

Driving circuit for grating

Abstract: PURPOSE:To cover a wide wavelength range, to improve conversion precision, and to reduce the size of a driving device by calculating a trigonometric function corresponding to wavelength data, and converting it into angle data. CONSTITUTION:Wavelength lambda is inputted from a console panel 14, and when data lambda/A is between sine value data (lambda/A)2 and (lambda/A)3 correspondingly, a lambda/theta converting circuit 15 reads angle data theta2 and inclination data alpha2 corresponding to the sine value data (lambda/A)2 out of a memory 16 and also performs arithmetic to calculate and supplies angle data theta to a motor driving circuit 17. The driving circuit 17 compares the angle data theta with the value of the angle detection signal thetaP outputted by a rotational displacement detector 18 which detects the rotational angle of a grating 1 and controls the motor 19 so that they coincide with each other. Consequently, the extent of rotational displacement of a grating mount plate 20 is detected 19 and fed back to the driving circuit 17.

Sensor arrangement for detecting the position of objects, in particular the rotary angular position of parts which can rotate about an axis

Abstract: In order to be able to detect the position and/or the dimensions of objects, in particular the rotary or angular position of parts which can rotate about an axis, quickly, accurately and at low cost, there is rigidly connected to a positioning unit a sensor by means of which it is possible for the purpose of detecting the position of one or more edges (depression or protrudance) of an object to carry out a linear, or in order to detect a rotary position, a circular, search movement over the object to be measured. When an edge or marking of an object are passed over, the sensor emits a signal to an evaluation unit which, moreover, for the purpose of determining the magnitude of the linear dimension or of the angle receives a reference signal when the positioning unit is started.

Meshing apparatus for gear to be worked in gear working machine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To automatically mesh a gear to be worked with a working tool by feedback-controlling a driving mechanism which detects the angular position of a standad gear meshed with the working tool and revolves the gear to be worked according to the memorized detection signal. CONSTITUTION:After a memory apparatus memorizes the angular position of the meshing between a standard gear 1a and a working tool 4 and the between- axis distance between the both, the standard gear 1a is demounted from a jig 3, and a gear 1b to be worked is installed. Then, a controller feedback-controls a servomotor 6 according to the detection signal of an angular position sensor 10, and the angular position of the gear 1b is turned to the memorized angular position, and the between-axis distance between the gear 1b and a master gear 7 is detected by a sensor 15 and memorized into the memory apparatus, and the angular position of the gear 1b is corresponded with the angular position of the meshing between the standard gear 1a and the working tool 4. Thus, the gear 1b to be worked and the working tool 4 can be meshed automatically.

Rotational position encoder

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable a high performance processing by providing an information track on a code plate parallel with a rotating shaft for writing angular position information to obtain angular position information of a rotor with a reading laser beam scanning the track along the length thereof. CONSTITUTION:A radiation beam 12 from a laser 6 is introduced to the optical system of a pickup 11 through an optical fiber the return beam is converted into an electrical signal with a photosensor 10 and led out as rotation angle detection data following the demodulation and decoding thereof with a processing circuit 15. In addition, a tracking signal and a focus signal are detected resepctively with a tracking photosensor 16 and a focus photosensor 17 and a tracking error and a focus error are calculated with the processing circuit 15. These errors are fed to a controller 18 to drive an optical system driver 19 based on the control output for performing a tracking servo and a focus servo.