Showing papers on "Aphididae published in 1982"
73 citations
TL;DR: Ant-exclusion experiments and field observations indicated that survival of the abundant Cinara occidentalis Davidson on white fir depends on attendance by C. modoc, and as aphid populations decreased, ant attendance per aphid and number of predators/aphid increased.
Abstract: Camponotus modoc was associated with numerous species of Homoptera in Giant Forest, Sequoia — Kings Canyon National Park, California. Ant-exclusion experiments and field observations indicated that survival of the abundant Cinara occidentalis Davidson on white fir depends on attendance by C. modoc . More of the predators, Neomysia oblonguttata (Mulsant), Deraeocoris brevis Uhler, Passaloecus cuspidatus F. Smith, Pityophyphantes sp., were found on ant-unattended than on attended aphid colonies. As aphid populations decreased, ant attendance per aphid and number of predators/aphid increased. Attended aphid colonies were more likely to survive to produce oviparae and a lower proportion of alates.
53 citations
TL;DR: Visual counting was found to be the most accurate method of estimating cereal aphid numbers in field studies in England and vacuum sampling could be a useful alternative to visual counts at very low aphid densities when the latter became too time-consuming.
Abstract: Visual counting was found to be the most accurate method of estimating cereal aphid numbers in field studies in England. Vacuum sampling decreased in efficiency as aphid density increased, but could be a useful alternative to visual counts at very low aphid densities when the latter became too time-consuming. Cutting tillers for later washing in the laboratory was less efficient than visual counting as aphids, especially Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.), fell off the plants during sampling, but this method was useful in determining the proportion of different morphs of Sitobion avenae (F.) present at very high densities.
44 citations
TL;DR: Stem sampling appeared to be a more precise and time-efficient method than either vacuum or net sampling in producing population levels of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
37 citations
TL;DR: Cycloaddition reactions between (E)-β-farnesene (the aphid alarm pheromone) and dienophiles, such as SO2 and RO·CO·C ≡ CCO·OR, gave products more stable and less volatile than the parent compound.
Abstract: 1,4-Cycloaddition reactions between (E)-β-farnesene (the aphid alarm pheromone) and dienophiles, such as SO2 and RO·CO·C ≡ CCO·OR, gave products more stable and less volatile than the parent compound. In laboratory experiments, the numbers ofMyzus persicae (Sulz.) settling and nymphs deposited on plants were decreased by some of the reaction products. Acquisition, and thereby transmission, of the semipersistent beet yellows virus and the nonpersistent potato virus Y, was decreased.
27 citations
Journal Article•
21 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that feeding preferences may allow green peach aphid to discriminate between tree species, but these results indicate that such preferences cannot explain the movement of migrants from secondary to primary hosts.
Abstract: Gynoparous, oviparous, and apterous green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), preferred radish, Raphanus sativus L., to the winter host, peach, Prunus persica Batsch, in laboratory tests of settling behavior. Preference for radish was strongest in the apterae and weakest in the oviparae; however, in all cases the degree of preference was significant ( P = 0.01). Gynoparae discriminated between peach and a nonhost species, Acer saccharinum L., although few aphids settled on either species during the test. Although feeding preferences may allow green peach aphid to discriminate between tree species, these results indicate that such preferences cannot explain the movement of migrants from secondary to primary hosts. Apterae discriminated readily between various secondary hosts. Marked differences in preference occurred even between species which have been shown to be highly suitable for reproduction. Rates of settling were higher on preferred hosts than nonpreferred hosts, indicating that the rate of interplant movement may be significantly greater on nonpreferred hosts.
14 citations
TL;DR: Within-plant distributions and sampling techniques for aphids were studied in three successive broccoli plantings in Orange County, Calif and population density on specific leaves covaried with total aphid populations per plant and may be useful for developing efficient scouting programs for aphid on broccoli.
Abstract: Within-plant distributions and sampling techniques for aphids were studied in three successive broccoli plantings in Orange County, Calif. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) preferred the oldest leaf per plant, and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) the youngest and highest leaves. In plantings where M. perslcae was dominant, significantly ( P < 0.05) more aphids were found on the underside of the leaves. When B. Brassicae predominated, differences in aphid counts between leaf surfaces were not significant. Population density on specific leaves covaried with total aphid populations per plant and may be useful for developing efficient scouting programs for aphids on broccoli.
13 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: Resistance to Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was assessed in glasshouse tests of 20 winter wheat varieties that were of major importance or are currently recommended for British agriculture.
TL;DR: The pea aphid affected yield by significantly reducing the mean height of aphid-susceptible Grimm alfalfa in a greenhouse experiment by 45%, the height of the longest stem by 35%, the green weight by 38%, the dry weight by 44%, and the fiber by 13%.
Abstract: The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), affected yield by significantly reducing the mean height of aphid-susceptible Grimm alfalfa in a greenhouse experiment by 45%, the height of the longest stem by 35%, the green weight by 38%, the dry weight by 44%, and the fiber by 13%. There was limited change in quality of alfalfa. The percentages of protein, fat, total sugar, reducing sugar, dry matter, and nitrogen-free extract were not significantly different in the infested and non-infested alfalfa. Potassium was significantly lower in the infested plants but they contained more calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. With the exception of isoleucine the amino acid composition was similar in the infested and non-infested alfalfa.
TL;DR: Sampling procedures based on 10-plant samples and leaf subsamples provided reliable estimates of aphid populations and may be suitable for scouting programs for aphids on broccoli.
Abstract: Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was the most abundant aphid species encountered in fall and winter plantings of broccoli in Riverside County, Calif., during 1980 to 1981. Brevicoryne brassicae L. populations were smaller, but this species was of greater importance as a contaminant of broccoli. Aphid migration and density per plant were lower in the winter crop, but the potential for contamination was higher. Aphid species segregated by leaf choice, with M. persicae preferring the oldest leaves and B. brassicae the youngest. Plant age and growth affected aphid distribution. Sampling procedures based on 10-plant samples and leaf subsamples provided reliable estimates of aphid populations and may be suitable for scouting programs for aphids on broccoli.
TL;DR: Feeding by Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on young pea plants, Pisum Sativum (L.) var.
Abstract: Feeding by Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on young pea plants, Pisum Sativum (L.) var. ‘Alaska,’ reduced the relative growth rate and efficiency of production of new tissue relative to the amount of leaf area by as much as 118%. These changes were proportional to the number of aphids and length of infestation period and occurred because of reductions in leaf surface area up to 83% and loss of pholosynlhate which aphids extracted. Reductions were only one-fifth to two-thirds as large when infestations were delayed for 5 days.
Total leaf area of the plants relative to their weights was not decreased.
TL;DR: The ladybird beetle Hippodamia quinquesignata can survive southern Alberta winters, but some protection is needed as high mortality sometimes occurs in localized areas of the aggregation sites, and a late spring cold period could cause high mortality.
Abstract: Can. Ent. 114: 303-309 (1982) Aggregations of the ladybird beetle Hippodamia quinquesignata Kirby were found at several sites on the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in southern Alberta at altitudes of 1250-2439 m, and also in the Porcupine Hills (1780 m), just east of the Rockies. The beetles apparently migrate from the prairie region where they feed on pea and grain aphids to the aggregation sites in fall, and return to the prairie in spring. H . quinquesignata can survive southern Alberta winters, but some protection is needed as high mortality sometimes occurs in localized areas of the aggregation sites. Supercooling data indicate that the greatest protection against cold occurs during mid-winter-but a considerable amount of cold hardening occurs during the fall. The most critical period for survival appears to be April and May when the beetles have lost much of their cold resistance, and a late spring cold period could cause high mortality. On a observt des rassemblements de la coccinelle Hippodamia quinquesignata Kirby a plusieurs endroits du versant est des Rocheuses du sud de I'Alberta, a des altitudes variant de 1 250 h 2 439 m, et Cgalement dans les Porcupine Hills (1 780 m), juste a l'est des Rocheuses. I1 semble que les coccinelles migrent de la rCgion des Prairies ou elles se nourrissent de pucerons du pois et du grain aux lieux de rassemblement l'automne et retoument dans les Prairies le printemps venu. H . quinquesignata peut survivre aux hivers du sud de l'Alberta, mais elle a besoin d'une certaine protection car la mortalit6 est parfois ClevCe dans certaines aires des lieux de rassemblement. Les donnCes de surfusion rCvklent que la meilleure protection contre le froid se rencontre au milieu de l'hiver, mais qu'une bonne partie de I'acclimatation au froid se fait l'automne. La ptriode la plus critique de survie semble 2tre avril et mai lorsque les coccinelles ont perdu une grande partie de leur rCsistance et qu'une vague de froid a la fin du printemps peut causer une forte mortalitt.
TL;DR: Resistance of the glandular-haired M. sativa clone was low, but rate of aphid reproduction and total nymphs produced on it were lower than on the susceptible control clone under a constant temperature or under 29°C day-16°C night temperature regimes.
Abstract: We evaluated glandular-haired Medicago species [perennial tetraploid M. sativa L. subsp. praefalcata (Sinskaya) C. R. Gunn, annual diploids M. blancheana Boiss., M. disciformis DC, and annual tetraploids, M. rugosa Desr., and M. scutellata (L.) Mill.] for resistance to the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), in growth chambers. Resistant and susceptible perennial M. sativa clones were used for controls. In free-choice tests, the glandular-haired species and the resistant M. sativa control clone were less attractive than the susceptible control clone. Very few aphids reproduced on M. disciformis . Fewer aphids were on the annuals than on the perennial glandular-haired species. When the aphids' choices were limited to the annual species M. scutellata and M. disciformis , they departed from both and moved around the arena. Similarly, when only the resistant M. sativa clone and M. scutellata were available, the aphids chose the arena over the plants. In no-choice tests under three temperature regimes, resistance of M. disciformis and the resistant M. sativa clone was similar. Resistance of M. blancheana , M. rugosa , and M. scutellata was similar and lower than that of M. disciformis . Resistance of the glandular-haired M. sativa clone was low, but rate of aphid reproduction and total nymphs produced on it were lower than on the susceptible control clone under a constant temperature of 24°C or under 29°C day-16°C night temperature regimes.
TL;DR: One primary parasite, Aphelinus perpallidus (Gahan), and five previously unreported secondary (suspected) parasites, were identified from black margined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in far-west Texas pecan orchards.
Abstract: One primary parasite, Aphelinus perpallidus (Gahan), and five previously unreported secondary (suspected) parasites, Alloxysta schlingeri (Andrews), Aphidencyrtus spp., Chartocerus spp., Dendrocerus spp., and Pachyneuron spp., were identified from black margined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in far-west Texas pecan orchards. Aphelinus perpallidus was found in significant numbers, but populations varied greatly among orchards. During most of the growing season, less than 6% of collected M. caryella specimens were parasitized by A. perpallidus , but up to 52% were parasitized in one orchard in October. Other species parasitized <1% of M. caryella populations.
TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between Orius tristicolor (White) and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in potato fields found that populations did not appear to be a significant cause of decline of green Peach aphid populations in potatoes.
Abstract: Laboratory and field studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between Orius tristicolor (White) and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in potato fields. O. tristicolor provided with 1,5, and 10 aphids per day killed 11.4 ± 1.2, 37.2 ± 1.1, and 53.7 ± 1.2 aphids, respectively, during development. Adults killed an average of 0.9 ± 0.6, 1.9 ± 0.5, and 2.7 ± 0.6 aphids per day when supplied with 1,5, and 10 aphids per day, respectively. Development time was not affected by prey density; the mean time required for development (at 24.4°C)was 14.6 days. At low aphid densities, predation rates among nymphal instars were not significantly different. When O. tristicolor were supplied with 10 aphids per day, 3rd instars killed more aphids than either the 5th instars or adults. O. tristicolor populations did not appear to be a significant cause of decline of green peach aphid populations in potatoes. Where the thrips, Frankliniella tritici . occurred, its occurrence was strongly correlated with O. tristicolor .
TL;DR: Horizontal resistance to biotypes of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), was confirmed in a new experimental al falfa.
Abstract: Horizontal resistance to biotypes of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), was confirmed in a new experimental alfalfa. The germplasm was derived from ‘Lahontan.’ All of the plants in the new experimental that were screened by biotype B were resistant to biotype H, which has the greater capacity to destroy alfalfa plants.
01 Jan 1982
25 Jun 1982
TL;DR: An alfalfa aphid, Macrosiphum creelii Davis, previously a noneconomic pest in the Pacific Northwest, became increasingly abundant beginning in 1963, and its host plant relationships were determined, as well as its developmental, survival, and reproductive rates on al falfa in the laboratory.
Abstract: An alfalfa aphid, Macrosiphum creelii Davis (Homoptera: Aphididae), previously a noneconomic pest in the Pacific Northwest, became increasingly abundant beginning in 1963. Its host plant relationships were determined, as well as its developmental, survival, and reproductive rates on alfalfa in the laboratory. Anatomical differences were shown to distinguish it from the pea, Acyrthosiphum pisum (Harris), and potato, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), aphids with which it might be confused. Its primary host plants were found to be alfalfa, lentils, Austrian pea, and broadbean. Most host plants of the pea and potato aphids were not acceptable. M. creelii reproduced well at temperatures as low as 5 to l0°C, and provided up to 70 progeny each. The only parasite found to attack M. creelii was Aphidius pulcher Baker.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Aphid collections from traps in untreated plots and traps in plots sprayed with pesticides were not significantly different, supporting the hypothesis that airborne aphid populations are relatively uniform.
Abstract: Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Hyadaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) were the most numerous aphid species collected in water and sticky traps and observed on the foliage of broccoli in two successive plantings during 1980 and 1981 in Santa Ana, Calif. Cylindrical sticky traps were more effective than water traps for collecting aphids. Correlation coefficients were low or not significant for comparisons of alatae from water or sticky traps and whole-plant aphid surveys in both plantings. Catches from water and sticky traps were not consistently correlated. Aphid collections from traps in untreated plots and traps in plots sprayed with pesticides were not significantly different, supporting the hypothesis that airborne aphid populations are relatively uniform.
TL;DR: This paper provides a catalog of the 46 aphid species described by O. W. Oestlund in 1886 and 1887 and the 49 species of aphids described by H. F. Wilson between 1908 and 1919.
Abstract: This paper provides a catalog of the 46 aphid species described by O. W. Oestlund in 1886 and 1887 and the 49 species of aphids described by H. F. Wilson between 1908 and 1919. The location of the types and the current status of the names are also indicated. The location of the lost types of three Davidson and two Forrest Miller species is also indicated.
TL;DR: The aphid parasite Praon callaphis from Afghanistan is described and illustrated and the species was introduced into California for the biological control of Callaphis juglandis (Goeze) on Juglans regia L.
Abstract: The aphid parasite Praon callaphis, new species, from Afghanistan is described and illustrated The species was introduced into California for the biological control of Callaphis juglandis (Goeze) on Juglans regia L
TL;DR: Six species of aphids inhabiting roots are added to the aphid fauna of north-west Himalaya, of which Tetraneura (Indotetraneura) utpali is new to science and Anoecia furcata (Theobald), AnoECia nemoralis Borner, Forda marginata Koch and Forda riccobonii (Stafani) are new records for India.
Abstract: Six species of aphids inhabiting roots are added to the aphid fauna of north-west Himalaya, of which Tetraneura (Indotetraneura) utpali is new to science and Anoecia furcata (Theobald), Anoecia nemoralis Borner, Forda marginata Koch and Forda riccobonii (Stafani) are new records for India. Besides. Anoecia vagans (Koch) is reported for the first time from northwest Himalaya. A key to the species of Anoecia Koch and Forda Heyden from India have been provided, and some of the species new to India have been redescribed.