Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 2007"

Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Aromatic/Aliphatic Mixtures Using Chloroaluminate Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Extractants

Abstract: The extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from aromatic/aliphatic mixtures was investigated using chloroaluminate ionic liquids as extractants. Three types of chloroaluminate ionic liquids, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride−aluminum chloride (BMIC/AlCl3), trimethylamine hydrochloride− aluminum chloride (Me3NHCl/AlCl3), and triethylamine hydrochloride−aluminum chloride (Et3NHCl/AlCl3), were prepared and used to extract aromatic hydrocarbons. Chloroaluminate ionic liquids have strong aromatic hydrocarbon solvent capacities, small solvent capacities for n-heptane, and good extractive performances. BMIC−2.0AlCl3 exhibits better extractive performance than Me3NHCl−2.0AlCl3 and Et3NHCl−2.0AlCl3. Both the benzene distribution coefficient and aromatic/n-heptane selectivity increase with an increasing ratio of AlCl3/organic salt (Et3NHCl) in ionic liquids. The steric effect of substituent groups on the benzene ring lowers the aromatic extractive performance. The π complextion between aromatic molecules with...

Electron transport material and organic electroluminescent element using the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electron transport material achieving characteristics such as long lifetime of an organic EL element, reduction in a drive voltage and high efficiency improvement in a good balance, and further to provide an organic EL element using the electron transport materialSOLUTION: There are provided a compound represented by the following formula (1) and an organic EL element using the compound In the formula (1), Ar is an m-valent group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 50 carbon atoms or an m-valent group derived from an aromatic heterocyclic ring having 2 to 50 carbon atoms and at least one hydrogen of these groups may be replaced by an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; Ris an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 2 to 4; 2 to 4 pyridylphenyl groups may be the same or different; and each of the rings in the formula and optional hydrogen of the alkyl may be replaced by deuterium

Thermochemistry and infrared spectroscopy of neutral and cationic iron-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon complexes of astrophysical interest: fundamental density functional theory studies.

Abstract: This paper reports extensive calculations on the structural, thermodynamic, and mid-infrared spectroscopic properties of neutral and cationic model iron−polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) complexes of astrophysical interest for three PAHs of increasing size, namely, naphthalene (C10H8), pyrene (C16H10), and coronene (C24H12). Geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were performed using hybrid Hartree−Fock/density functional theory (DFT) methods. The use of DFT methods is mandatory in terms of computational cost and efficiency to describe the electronic and vibrational structures of such large organometallic unsaturated species that present several low-energy isomers of different structures and electronic and spin states. The calculated structures for the low-energy isomers of the model Fe−PAH and Fe−PAH+ complexes are presented and discussed. Iron−PAH binding energies are extracted, and the consequences of the coordination of iron on the infrared spectra of neutral and cationic PAHs are shown...

Utilization of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons individually and in mixture by bacteria isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil

Abstract: The fate of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes (BTEX) compounds through biodegradation was investigated using two different bacteria, Ralstonia picketti (BP-20) and Alcaligenes piechaudii (CZOR L-1B). These bacteria were isolated from extremely polluted soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. PCR and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) were used to identify the isolates. In this study, BTEX biodegradation, applied as a mixture or as individual compounds by the bacteria was evaluated. Both bacteria were shown to degrade each of the BTEX compounds individually and in mixture. However, Alcaligenes piechaudii was a better degrader of BTEXs both in the mixture and individually. Differences between BTEX biodegradation in the mixture and individually were observed, especially in the case of benzene. The degradation of all BTEXs in the mixture was lower than the degradation of individual compounds for both bacteria tested. In the all experiments, toluene and m + p- xylenes were better removed than the other BTEXs. No intermediates of biodegradation were detected. Biosurfactant production was observed by culture techniques. In addition, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, important in biosurfactant production, were observed by FAME analysis. The test results indicate that the bacteria could contribute to bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbon pollution.

Use of hyperbranched polycarbonates as a dispersing agent for pigments

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates as a dispersing agent for pigments. Said polycarbonates can be obtained by a) producing one or several different condensation products (K) by a1) reacting at least one organic carbonate (A) of general formula RO[(CO)O]nR with at least one aliphatic, aliphatic/aromatic, or aromatic alcohol (B) comprising at least 3 OH groups while eliminating alcohols ROH, R independently representing a linear or branched aliphatic, aromatic/aliphatic, or aromatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 C atoms, and radicals R being optionally interconnected so as to form a ring containing the grouping -O[(CO)O]n-, and n representing an integer ranging from 1 to 5, or a2) reacting phosgene, diphosgene, or triphosgene with the aliphatic, aliphatic/aromatic, or aromatic alcohol (B) while releasing hydrogen chloride, the quantitative ratio between alcohols (B) and the carbonates (A) or the phosgenes in the reaction mixture being selected such that the condensation products (K) on average are provided with one carbonate group or carbamyl chloride group and more than one OH group or one OH group and more than one carbonate group or carbamyl chloride group, and b) intermolecularly reacting the condensation products (K) obtained in step a).

Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric study of secondary organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of aromatics

Abstract: Five aromatic hydrocarbons – benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene – were selected to investigate the laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) resulting from OH-initiated photooxidation of aromatic compounds. The experiments were conducted by irradiating aromatic hydrocarbon/CH3ONO/NO X mixtures in a home-made smog chamber. The aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was used to measure the aerodynamic size and chemical composition of individual secondary organic aerosol particles in real-time. Experimental results showed that aerosol created by aromatics photooxidation is predominantly in the form of fine particles, which have diameters less than 2.5 μm (i.e. PM2.5), and different aromatic hydrocarbons SOA mass spectra have eight same positive laser desorption/ionization mass spectra peaks: m/z = 18, 29, 43, 44, 46, 57, 67, 77. These mass spectra peaks may come from the fragment ions of the SOA products: oxo-carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, nitrogenated organic compounds, furanoid and aromatic compounds. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products were also discussed.

Method for producing hydrocarbon fractions

Abstract: A method for producing an LPG fraction, a gasoline fraction, a kerosene fraction, a gas oil fraction, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a non-aromatic naphtha fraction from hydrocracked oil includes hydrocracking hydrocarbon oil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to convert into a light hydrocarbon fraction, and efficiently and selectively producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with higher valuable alkylbenzenes. The method for producing hydrocarbon fraction comprises subjecting hydrocarbon feedstock containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and in which the ratio of carbons constituting an aromatic ring to the total carbons in the hydrocarbon oil (the aromatic ring-constituting carbon ratio) is 35 mole % or more to catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen. 40% or more of a fraction with a boiling point of 215° C. or higher in the hydrocarbon feedstock is converted into a fraction with a boiling point lower than 215° C., producing hydrocracked oil containing 30 vol % or more of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

Metal compound, catalyst composition for polymerizing vinylic monomer and use for polymerization of vinylic monomer using the same composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To polymerize a vinylic monomer having a functional group in the side chain under milder conditions. SOLUTION: The vinylic monomer is polymerized by using a composition composed of a component containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a metal compound. Furthermore, the metal compound has a phosphinesulfonic acid ligand represented by formula (I) (wherein, R 1 to R 7 represent each a hydrogen, a 1-20C aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a 6-20C aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group; X represents a hydrogen, a 1-20C aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a 6-20C aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a 5-20C nitrogen-containing aromatic compound which may have a substituent, a halogen, a trifluoromethanesulfonyl group or a perchloro; and M represents a group 10 element of the periodic table). COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Method for producing benzene aromatic hydrocarbon from crude benzole

Abstract: The present invention relates to process of producing benzene series arene with crude benzole Whole fraction crude benzole and other hydrocarbon oil are mixed, and the mixed oil is produced into high purity benzene, toluene and xylene through the process including hydrorefining, reforming, solvent extracting, distilling, rectifying and other steps The present invention has the features of no arene loss, total arene yield over 100 %, high purity of arene products over 999 %, low S and N impurity content in arene products less than 1 ppm and long operation period of the processing apparatus The present invention is especially suitable for use in refinery possessing hydrogenation equipment and reforming equipment

Enzymatic and genetic profiles in environmental strains grown on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: The possible generation of oxidative stress induced by aromatic hydrocarbon degradation suggests that ancillary enzyme activities could facilitate the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon source. To investigate the metabolic profiles of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading strains of Sphingobium chlorophenolicum, Rhodococcus aetherovorans, Rhodococcus opacus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, the determination of the activity of putative detoxifying enzymes (rhodanese-like and glutathione S-transferase proteins) was combined with genetic analyses. All the studied strains were able to utilize phenanthrene or naphthalene. Glutathione S-transferase activity was found in S. chlorophenolicum strains grown on phenanthrene and it was related to the presence of the bphK gene, since modulation of glutathione S-transferase activity by phenanthrene paralleled the induction of glutathione S-transferase transcript in the S. chlorophenolicum strains. No glutathione S-transferase activity was detectable in R. aetherovorans, R. opacus and in M. smegmatis strains. All strains showed 3-mercaptopyruvate:cyanide sulfurtransferase activity. A rhodanese-like SseA protein was immunodetected in R. aetherovorans, R. opacus and in M. smegmatis strains, where increase of 3-mercaptopyruvate:cyanide sulfurtransferase activity was significantly induced by growth on phenanthrene.

Pi-conjugated polymer

Abstract: Provided are pi-conjugated polymer materials that are useful for photoelectric transducer elements having high hole transportability and excellent durability, that are useful for light-emitting elements having superior emitting properties and excellent durability, and that are useful for active layers of thin film transistors. The pi-conjugated polymers comprise a constitutional unit expressed by the General Formula (I) or (II): in which, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group that may have a substituent; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent; Ar 1 represents a divalent group of an aromatic hydrocarbon or a heterocycle that may have a substituent; in which, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group that may have a substituent; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent.

Change in the Predominant Bacteria in a Microbial Consortium Cultured on Media Containing Aromatic and Saturated Hydrocarbons as the Sole Carbon Source

Abstract: A No.22 consortium was isolated from contaminated soils at oilfields by repeated transfer on a mineral salts medium with the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction from crude petroleum. The consortium was able to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons at high rates. Fourteen major DNA bands were detected in the consortium by PCR-DGGE. Three strains were capable of forming colonies on agarose plates containing mineral salts and aromatic hydrocarbons, and identified as Pandoraea sp. Y1, Hyphomicrobium facile Y3, and Burkholderia multivorans Y4 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The consortia of three cultures; an aromatic subculture, a saturated culture transferred from the subculture, and an aromatic obtained culture from the transferred culture, were compared using PCR-DGGE, a clone library, and quantitative real-time PCR. Burkholderia species containing strain Y4 became the dominant species in the saturated culture whereas its abundance decreased in the aromatic culture. Pandoraea sp. Y1, which was of low abundance in the saturated culture, and an unisolated bacterium, Brachymonas sp. F, in contrast, increased in the aromatic culture. The aromatic hydrocarbons were degraded by Pandoraea sp. Y1 and B. multivorans Y4, whereas the saturates were only degraded by B. multivorans Y4. The results indicate that the No.22 consortium adapts well to different carbon sources through a change in its predominant species. This study provides some basic information regarding bioremediation using the consortium.

Para-Xylene Production Process Employing In-Situ Catalyst Selectivation

Abstract: A catalytic process for the selective production of para-xylene comprises the step of reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of toluene, benzene and mixtures thereof with a feed comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a selectivated catalyst. The process includes a catalyst selectivation phase and a para-xylene production phase. In the catalyst selectivation phase, the aromatic hydrocarbon and the feed are contacted with the catalyst under a first set of conditions effective to increase the para-selectivity of said catalyst. In the para-xylene production phase, the aromatic hydrocarbon and said feed are contacted with the catalyst under a second set of conditions different from the first set of conditions effective to selectively produce para-xylene.

Aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cell using same

Abstract: A proton exchange membrane is obtained which can give an excellent power generation characteristic when the membrane is applied to, in particular, a fuel cell wherein high-concentration methanol is used as a fuel. In the aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange membrane of the invention, the ion exchange capacity is set into the range of 0.6 to 1.3 meq/g. Moreover, the area swelling rate for a 30% by mass methanol aqueous solution at 40° C. is set into the range of 2 to 30%. Preferably, a sulfonic acid group is bonded to an aromatic ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon based polymer contained in the aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange film. Preferably, the aromatic hydrocarbon based polymer is a polyarylene ether based polymer.

Compound having pyridoindole ring structure having substituted pyridyl group attached thereto, and organic electroluminescence element

Abstract: The purpose is to provide: an organic compound having excellent properties for use as a material for an organic electroluminescence (EL) element having high efficiency and high durability, and to provide an organic EL element having a high efficiency and high durability by using the compound. Provided is a compound having a pridoindole ring structure having a substituted pyridyl group attached thereto, which is represented by the general formula (1). Also provided is an organic EL element comprising a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer sandwiched between the electrodes, wherein the at least one organic layer comprises the compound. (1) wherein Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fused polycyclic aromatic group; R1 to R10 may be the same as or different from one another and independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group; Z represents a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen atom; and m and n independently represent an integer ranging from 1 to 3, provided that n is 1 when m is 2 or 3.

Pretreatment method of coal tar

Abstract: The invention discloses a predisposing method of coal tar, which comprises the following steps: blending coal tar and fraction oil and aromatic hydrocarbon; extracting; removing most of impurity from coal tar; fitting for deep manufacturing of liquefied oil and shale oil.

Method for producing alkylbenzene

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently and selectively producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is alkylbenzene having high additive value, while converting a heavy hydrocarbon oil to a light hydrocarbon fraction by hydrocracking without causing a trouble such as coking. SOLUTION: The method for producing alkylbenzene comprises first step of refining a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, with the content of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon being less than 10 vol.%, and the ratio of carbons constituting the aromatic ring to all carbons (ratio of aromatic ring constituting carbons) being 35 mol% or more; second step of reducing gas impurities generated in the first step; and third step of converting 10 vol.% of a fraction with boiling point of 215°C or higher contained in the heavy hydrocarbon oil to a fraction with boiling point of lower than 215°C by hydrocracking the refined oil obtained in the second step to thereby obtain a hydrocracking product containing 10 vol.% or more of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Process for producing hydrocarbon fraction

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method for producing an LPG fraction, a gasoline fraction, a kerosene fraction, a gas oil fraction, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a non-aromatic naphtha fraction from hydrocracked oil obtained by hydrocracking hydrocarbon oil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to convert into a light hydrocarbon fraction, and at the same time efficiently and selectively to produce monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which is higher valuable alkylbenzenes. The method for producing hydrocarbon fraction of the present invention comprises a hydrocracking step of subjecting a hydrocarbon feedstock which contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and in which the ratio of carbons constituting an aromatic ring to the total carbons in the hydrocarbon oil (the aromatic ring-constituting carbon ratio) is 35 mole % or more to catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen, and is characterized in that 40% or more of a fraction with a boiling point of 215°C or higher in the hydrocarbon feedstock is converted into a fraction with a boiling point lower than 215°C and an hydrocracked oil containing 30 vol % or more of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is produced.

Process for producing propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons, and producing apparatus therefor

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved process whereby the yield structure of the components can be varied by a simple method, and the products can be produced stably and efficiently in a process for producing propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feedstock containing C4-12 olefins using a medium pore diameter zeolite-containing catalyst A process for producing is disclosed which comprises a propylene production step wherein a specific zeolite catalyst is used to remove a C4+ hydrocarbon component from a reaction mixture, and part of the hydrocarbon component is recycled as necessary without modification, and an aromatic hydrocarbon production step wherein all or a part of the C4+ hydrocarbon component is used as the raw material

Oils in the NW Niger Delta: Aromatic Hydrocarbons Content and Infrared Spectroscopic Characterisation

Abstract: The occurrence and distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in oil samples from an oilfield in the NW Niger Delta was investigated, focussing on naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and mono- and triaromatic steroids. Tetramethylnaphthalene is the most abundant of the naphthalene homologues, while dimethylphenanthrene is the most abundant of the phenanthrene homologues. The relative concentration of the sum total of the phenanthrenes and their isomers was greater than that of the naphthalenes. The distribution of naphthalenes and phenanthrenes was strongly controlled by thermal maturation and biodegradation of the oils. Various aromatic hydrocarbon- dependent geochemical parameters indicate that the oils are mature and were generated at similar levels of thermal maturation. Plots of these parameters showed that the distribution of homologues of both naphthalene and phenanthrene is sensitive to the biodegradation of the oils. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used for geochemical characterisation of the NW Niger Delta oil samples in terms of both source type and thermal maturity. The characterisation was based on the peak intensities of the aliphatic and the carbonyl groups relative to the aromatics. The study showed that IR may be useful for the determination of thermal maturity, but is not a good tool for source characterisation.

Synthesis method of imidazole compound and organometal complex

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new synthesis method of 1,2-diarylimidazole compounds. SOLUTION: The 1,2-diarylimidazole compounds represented by formula (3) (wherein Z 1 is a group of atoms necessary for forming a cyclic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group; R 1 is hydrogen or a substituent; X 1 is hydrogen or a halogen; R 2 is hydrogen or an aromatic hydrocarbon group; l is 1 or 2) are produced by reacting a 1-allylimidazole with a halogen- or boron-substituted compound. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Model compound study of the pathways for aromatic hydrocarbon formation in soot.

Abstract: To explore the mechanisms for formation of aromatic hydrocarbons as precursors to soot, a model system using combustion of biphenyl in a fuel rich flame is studied. The soots acquired at three different temperatures are solvent extracted and the extract characterized by both GCMS and high resolution mass spectrometry. A description of the NMR results for the whole soots has been published (1). The production of most products could be rationalized from the coupling of biphenyls and subsequent aromatic species and the addition of acetylenes to existing aromatic molecules. Early work by Badger on pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is used in developing these schemes (2). The reaction schemes to produce larger aromatic hydrocarbons will be discussed. Richter and Howard have discussed in detail potential reaction mechanisms in the formation of aromatics as precursors to soot (3).