Showing papers on "Blisters published in 2023"

Blisters

Abstract: Australasian Journal of DermatologyVolume 64, Issue S1 p. 31-35 ABSTRACT Blisters First published: 22 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.14038Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume64, IssueS1Special Issue: Australasian College of Dermatologists 55th Annual Scientific Meeting, Engage, Enhance, Elevate, 27–29 May 2023May 2023Pages 31-35 RelatedInformation

Time-Dependent Pinning of Nanoblisters Confined by Two-Dimensional Sheets. Part 1: Scaling Law and Hydrostatic Pressure.

Abstract: Understanding the mechanics of blisters is important for studying two-dimensional (2D) materials, where nanoscale blisters appear frequently in their heterostructures. It also benefits the understanding of a novel partial wetting phenomenon known as elastic wetting, where droplets are confined by thin films. In this two-part work, we study the static mechanics of nanoscale blisters confined between a 2D elastic sheet and its substrate (part 1) as well as their pinning/depinning dynamics (part 2). Here, in part 1, we investigate the morphology characteristics and hydrostatic pressures of the blisters by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and theoretical analysis. The morphology characteristics of the blisters are shown to be the interplay results of the elasticity of the capping sheet, the adhesion between the capping sheet and the substrate, and the interfacial tensions. A universal scaling law is observed for the blisters in the experiments. Our analyses show that the hydrostatic pressures inside the blisters can be estimated from their morphology characteristics. The reliability of such an estimation is verified by AFM indentation measurements of the hydrostatic pressures of a variety of blisters.

Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Adhesion Strength of Ice on PTFE Solid Lubricant

Abstract: The development of a durable and green icephobic coating plays a vital role in the aviation industry due to the adverse impact of ice formation on aircraft performance. The lack of study into how temperature and surface roughness impact icephobicity is the main problem with present icephobic coatings. This study aims to qualitatively evaluate the icephobicity performance of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid lubricant film, as an environmentally friendly solution, with a custom-built push-off test device in different icing conditions utilizing a wind tunnel. The ice-adhesion reduction factor (ARF) of the film has been assessed in comparison to a bare aluminium substrate (Al 6061). The impact of surface energy was investigated by comparing the water contact angle (WCA), the contact angle hysteresis (CAH), and the pull-off force of the PTFE solid lubricant and Al with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of ice shear adhesion on the PTFE solid lubricant film showed a significant reduction in the ice adhesion force at various substrate temperatures and surface roughness compared to the bare aluminium substrate. The difference in the ice adhesion between the solid lubricant and aluminium alloy was attributed to the differences in the detachment mechanism. For the PTFE-based solid lubricant, the interfacial detachment mechanism was based on the formation of interfacial blisters towards the centre of the ice. Consequently, upon continued application of the shear force, most of the energy injected would be distributed throughout the blisters, ultimately causing detachment. In the comparison of ice adhesion on PTFE solid lubricant and bare aluminium, the film showed minimal ice adhesion at −6 °C with an adhesion force of 40 N (ARF 3.41). For temperature ranges between −2 °C and −10 °C, the ice adhesion for bare aluminium was measured at roughly 150 N.

Graphene Nano‐Blister in Graphite for Future Cathode in Dual‐Ion Batteries: Fundamentals, Advances, and Prospects

Abstract: The intercalating of anions into cost‐effective graphite electrode provides a high operating voltage, therefore, the dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) as novel energy storage device has attracted much attention recently. The “graphene in graphite” has always existed in the graphite cathode of DIBs, but has rarely been researched. It is foreseeable that the graphene blisters with the intact lattice structure in the shell can utilize its ultra‐high elastic stiffness and reversible lattice expansion for increasing the storage capacity of anions in the batteries. This review proposes an expected “blister model” by introducing the high elasticity of graphene blisters and its possible formation mechanism. The unique blisters composed of multilayer graphene that do not fall off on the graphite surface may become indispensable in nanotechnology in the future development of cathode materials for DIBs.

Time-Dependent Pinning of Nanoblisters Confined by Two-Dimensional Sheets. Part 2: Contact Line Pinning.

Abstract: Pinning of droplets on solids is an omnipresent wetting phenomenon that attracts intense research interest. Unlike in classical wetting, pinning effects in a novel wetting problem where droplets are confined onto the substrates by elastic films have hardly been investigated. Here, following our study in an accompanying paper (part 1) on the static mechanics of nanoscale blisters confined between a two-dimensional elastic sheet and its substrate, we investigate in this part the pinning behaviors of such blisters by using atomic force microscopy. The blisters' lateral retention forces are shown to scale almost linearly with their contact lines and to increase until saturation upon increasing their resting times. Our analysis reveals a mechanism of microdeformation of the substrate at the contact line. The creep of the microdeformation is found to cause the time-dependent pinning, which is evidenced by residual fine ridge structures left by blisters after their spread after long resting times.

Reversible Ultrathin PtOx Formation at the Buried Pt/YSZ(111) Interface Studied In Situ under Electrochemical Polarization

Abstract: Three different platinum oxides are observed by in situ X-ray diffraction during electrochemical potential cycles of platinum thin film model electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) at a temperature of 702 K in air. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy performed before and after the in situ electrochemical X-ray experiments indicate that approximately 20% of the platinum electrode has locally delaminated from the substrate by forming pyramidlike blisters. The oxides and their locations are identified as (1) an ultrathin PtOx at the buried Pt/YSZ interface, which forms reversibly upon anodic polarization; (2) polycrystalline β-PtO2, which forms irreversibly upon anodic polarization on the inside of the blisters; and (3) an ultrathin α-PtO2 at the Pt/air interface, which forms by thermal oxidation and which does not depend on the electrochemical polarization. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects are discussed to explain the coexistence of multiple phases at the same electrochemical conditions.

Bullous Disorder - An Ayurvedic review study

Abstract: Vesicles and bullae are accumulation of fluid within or under the epidermis. Blisters, whether large bullae or small vesicles, can arise in a variety of conditions. Blisters may result from destruction of epidermal cells (a burn or a herpes virus infection). Loss of adhesion between the cells may occur within the epidermis (pemphigus) or at the basement membrane (pemphigoid). Sometimes, there are associated inflammatory changes in the dermis (erythema multiforme/vasculitis) or a metabolic defect (as in porphyria). In Ayurveda all skin disease have been described under the umbrella of Kustha. Kushtha is divided into two types Maha Kushtha and Kshudra Kushtha. Mahakushtha again divided in to seven types and Kshudra Kushtha into eleven types. Out of eleven types Vishphot is one of them. Vesiculobullous disorder resemble to Vishphot. The objective of this article is to analyze Vishphot and Charmadal its etiology, etiopathogenesis, management from different Ayurvedic literature. Though Vishphot and Charmadal is included under Kushta, hence etiology, etiopathogenesis, and management are same. Sapta Dravya i.e., Three Dosha and Tvak, Rakta, Mamsa, Lasika plays an important role in etiopathogenesis of Kushtha as well as Vishphot having predominance Pitta Kapha Dosha.

Sneddon-Wilkinson disease following COVID-19 vaccination.

Abstract: Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, also known as subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD), is a rare disease characterized by vesicles or pustules that may rapidly expand and coalesce. Idiopathic in nature, SPD's clinical presentation of "half-half" blisters, with half of each blister containing pus and half containing clear fluid, is characteristic of this disease. We describe a previously healthy 21-year-old man who developed acute pustular vesicular eruptions consistent with SPD eight days following the Moderna COVID-19 vaccination.

Pilot study investigating BP-180 in extracellular vesicles derived from blister fluid of bullous pemphigoid patients

Abstract: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease that targets the haemidesmosomal proteins, mainly BP180. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been demonstrated to carry tissue-specific autoantigens in the setting of autoimmune diseases and transplant organ rejection; this phenomenon was demonstrated to have pathogenic implications in autoimmune diseases and to correlate with transplant rejection severity. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of BP targeted autoantigens in blister fluid derived EVs. We isolated, by size exclusion chromatography, EVs derived from blisters of BP-patients and from suction blisters of healthy donors. EV characterization was performed by flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the presence of autoantigens. A suspension enriched in EVs was efficiently obtained from blister fluid from patients and healthy donors. EV-enriched fractions were enriched in particles with a size distribution characterizing small-EVs (main peak was present at 94.5 nm). BP180 was found, by western blot analysis, in EVs derived from blister fluid of 3 out 6 BP patients and in none of EVs isolated from suction blister fluid of healthy donors. BP230 and Dsg1 were not detectable in EVs of any of the samples. No specific clinical characteristics seemed to correlate to the presence of BP180 in EVs. The discovery of BP180 in EVs derived from blister fluid might help understanding BP pathogenesis.

Prurigo Pigmentosa Successfully Treated with Oral Minocycline: A Case Report

Abstract: We aimed to report a case of prurigo pigmentosa (PP) with blisters.A 21-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with erythema, papules, and blisters all over the front chest and back. Densely distributed round and oval edematous erythema was noted on the neck, front chest, and back of the patient. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesions (blisters) on the chest revealed epidermal cell hyperkeratosis. He was diagnosed with PP and was treated with oral minocycline.After 1-week minocycline administration, the patient's itching was relieved, and the blisters dried up. His skin lesions recurred following self-withdrawal from the medication; subsequently, the patient was administered oral minocycline treatment again. After 1-month continuous oral treatment, the drug was discontinued. No recurrence of symptoms was noted.Oral minocycline is effective for the treatment of PP.

Experimental study on the influence of manufacturing process failures in blistering in gel-coat protected laminates utilized in marine environments

Abstract: Blisters occur when small quantities of water in form of vapour penetrate a laminate, usually within a marine environment. This reaction generates an internal pressure that causes degradation in Gel-Coating. Then, defects are made evident in the form of blisters. This study looks into the influence of this effect on different manufacturing process defects in gel-coat protected laminates utilized in marine environments

Skin Blister Formation and Subepidermal Bullous Disorders

Abstract: Blistering diseases comprise a large group of clinically polymorphic and sometimes devastating diseases. Blistering diseases are evaluated according to the level of the blister, the mechanism of blister formation and the type of inflammation. There are many connections in the normal structure of the skin that hold the cells together. These connections both hold the cells in the epidermis together and ensure that these cells attach to the basement membrane. As a result of damage to these connections by genetic, immune, infectious or physical reasons, intercellular connections are broken and blistering developments due to the accumulation of extracellular fluid in the intercellular spaces. Autoimmune bullous diseases are classified according to the decomposition site of the epidermis. While the pemphigus group is used to classify diseases with intraepidermal separation, the pemphigoid group diseases are used to classify diseases with subepidermal separation. In this section, pemphigoid group diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, acquired epidermolysis bullosa, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, and anti-p200 pemphigoid, will be explained with a brief introduction to blistering diseases of the skin.

A rare case of pemphigus vulgaris disguised as a malignant gingival ulcer

Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a kind of rare and severe autoimmune bullous disease. In this case, the specificity of oral PV lies in the clinical manifestations of a single palatal ulcer, and no blisters were found in the oral mucosa. This case provides a powerful reference for dentists diagnosing and treating oral PV with atypical clinical presentations.A 54 years old female patient presented with a non-healing palatal gingival ulcer for over three months. By histopathological H&E staining and the direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test, the final diagnosis was oral PV. After topical glucocorticoid therapy, the affected area was cured.In patients with prolonged erosion of the skin or oral mucosa, even if complete blisters are not visible, the physician should consider autoimmune bullous diseases and pay attention to avoid diagnostic defects.

CD08 Double bubble trouble

Abstract: Abstract A 29-year-old woman of Lithuanian heritage was referred to dermatology with a 3-year history of recurrent blistering to the hands and, occasionally, feet. The patient’s own photographs revealed small, tense blisters on the sides of her fingers and one on the foot. In the general dermatology clinic, she was noted to have acrylic nails, which she had been applying at home with her own gel nail kit for over 5 years. In recent years, the patient had noticed that use of the acrylic nail kit exacerbated her blistering. There was no prior history of skin disease or atopy. She was otherwise well, with no known allergies. She worked in the food-packing industry where she wore nonlatex gloves. In light of her frequent, prolonged use of acrylic nails and exacerbation of blistering on use of the home kit, she was suspected to have allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to acrylates and was referred to the patch test clinic. Patch testing was performed to the British standard, facial, rubber and acrylate series. She had positive reactions to five different acrylates, confirming a clinical diagnosis of ACD relevant to her use of acrylic nails and gel polish. However, she was noted to have several unusual features. Clinically, she had small round scars on the dorsum of both hands. On questioning, she described scars occurring after each blister. Blisters occurred all year round but were significantly more frequent in the summer months. Exposure of her gel nails to ultraviolet (UV) light was felt to trigger the blistering. This prompted additional tests to investigate possible photosensitivity. Both urine and plasma porphyrin levels were significantly elevated, confirming cutaneous porphyria. This is an unusual case of a dual pathology causing blistering of the hands: ACD to acrylates and cutaneous porphyria. In most circumstances, it is ACD that is the overlooked diagnosis, but here, an important general medical diagnosis may have been missed. It is important to remember that blistering caused by gel nail kits may be multifactorial, with acrylates causing ACD and UV light possibly triggering cutaneous porphyria.

Effect of Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging on Blistering and Mechanical Properties Behavior of Q690 Steel

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the effect of charging conditions on hydrogen damage. The effects of electrochemical hydrogen charging current density and time on hydrogen-induced blistering (HIB), cracking behavior, and mechanical properties of Q690 steel are studied by electrochemical hydrogen charging, microstructure observation, and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests. The results show that HIB and internal cracks occur when the Q690 steel is charged at different current densities. The charging conditions have a significant effect on the HIB characteristics of the material and the morphology, number, size, and location of internal cracks. The geometrical parameters of blisters on the surface of Q690 steel are quantitatively evaluated, and deeper cracks are found at higher hydrogen concentrations. At high hydrogen charging current density (50 mA/cm2), due to the accumulation of a large number of hydrogen atoms and the precipitation of hydrogen, the active sites on Q690 steel surface increase dramatically, leading to the initiation of a large number of blisters. At this time, high current density is responsible for the initiation of blisters. The relationship between hydrogen charging current density and mechanical properties of Q690 steel is studied, and the change in the fracture morphology is observed. The Q690 steel was damaged and failed due to an internal crack caused by excessive hydrogen pressure. On the other hand, electrochemical hydrogen charging leads to the degradation of mechanical properties and the transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture.

Pemphigus vulgaris mimicking Steven-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: report of an unusual case

Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease affecting the skin and mucosa. It clinically presents as painful erosions, mainly in the oral cavity, and flaccid blisters and erosions on the skin. Steven-johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a severe mucocutaneous drug hypersensitivity reaction characterized by painful, dusky, erythematous eruptions that often progress to blisters, erosions, and extensive epidermal detachment accompanied by systemic symptoms. Herein, we report the case of a 48-year-old man who presented with extensive skin and mucosal lesions following the ingestion of an unknown medication. The patient’s symptoms thus clinically mimicked SJS and accordingly, a preliminary diagnosis of SJS was made. Clinical investigation of skin biopsy and direct immunofluorescence assay results, however, indicated PV and a final diagnosis of PV was established.

Predictors of blisters in patients with acute compartment syndrome

Abstract: Abstract Introduction: Blisters, one of the most common complications of orthopedic trauma, can result in surgery delay and increase the risk of infection. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for blisters in patients with acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Methods: We gathered data from two hospitals' 206 ACS patients from November 2013 to January 2021. Patients were divided into the blister group (BG) and the control group (CG) according to whether they had blisters or not. We used univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the demographics, comorbidities, and admission laboratory tests. Results: In our research, the incidence of blisters was 21.8 % (45 of 206). Univariate analysis showed that numerous factors were releated to the formation of blisters. According to logistic regression analysis, patients who developed ACS in the winter or spring (p = 0.007, OR = 2.690, 95% CI (1.308 to 5.534), patients who received a referral (p = 0.009, OR = 4.235, 95% CI (1.432 to 12.527), and patients with higher PLR (p = 0.036, OR = 1.005, 95% CI (1.000 to 1.009) were independent risk factors for blisters. In addition, a history of drinking (p = 0.039, OR = 0.027, 95% CI (0.046 to 0.927)) represented a protective factor for the formation of blisters in these patients. ROC curve analysis revealed that 138.17 was the cut-off value of PLR to predict the blister. Furthermore, the combination of seasonal factors, PLR, and referral had the highest diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Our findings identified seasonal factors, referral, and patients with higher PLR as independent risk factors while a history of drinking as protective factor for blisters in ACS patients, allowing us to individualize the evaluation of the risk of blisters in order to perform early targeted therapies.

A case of intractable pemphigoid gestationis that was prolonged after delivery and caused blisters in the neonate

Abstract: A 30-year-old pregnant woman developed erythema with pruritus on the trunk and limbs 1 month before the first visit to the previous clinic. The initial diagnosis was prurigo and she was treated with a topical steroid, which did not relieve her symptoms. Thereafter, blisters appeared on the hands and feet and spread

Friction blisters on the feet: A critical assessment of current prevention strategies.

Abstract: Friction blisters are a common injury of the feet suffered by individuals participating in sporting, recreational and military activities. The high incidence of friction blisters brings into question the effectiveness of common prevention strategies. The purpose of this article is to review current evidence for established blister prevention strategies and explore how these interventions address the factors which cause friction blisters. Preventive strategies will be proposed focusing on previous overlooked elements of the blister-causing mechanism. Areas of future research will be outlined which are much needed to reduce this common skin injury in active individuals.

Fracture blisters: predictors for time to definitive fixation in pilon fractures.

Abstract: PURPOSE Fracture blisters, a common soft-tissue complication of pilon fractures, are associated with post-operative wound infections, delays in definitive fixation, and alterations in surgical plan. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the delay in surgery attributable to the presence fracture blisters and (2) investigate the relationship of fracture blisters to comorbidities and fracture severity. METHODS Patients with pilon fractures at an urban level 1 Trauma center from 2010 to 2021 were identified. The presence or absence of fracture blisters was noted, along with location. Demographic information, time from injury to external fixator placement, and time to definitive open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) were collected. Pilon fractures were classified according to AO/OTA guidelines using CT imaging and plain radiographs. RESULTS 314 patients with pilon fractures were available for analysis, eighty (25%) of whom were found to have fracture blisters. Patients with fracture blisters had longer time to surgery compared to those without fracture blisters (14.2 days vs 7.9 days, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of patients with fracture blisters had AO/OTA 43C fracture patterns, compared with those without fracture blisters (71.3% vs 53.8%, p = 0.03). Fractures blisters were less likely to be localized over the posterior ankle (12%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The presence of fracture blisters in pilon fractures are associated with significant delays in time to definitive fixation and higher energy fracture patterns. Fracture blisters are less commonly located over the posterior ankle which may support the implementation of a staged posterolateral approach when managing these injures.

Fracture blisters: predictors for time to definitive fixation in pilon fractures

Abstract: Abstract Purpose Fracture blisters, a common soft-tissue complication of pilon fractures, are associated with post-operative wound infections, delays in definitive fixation, and alterations in surgical plan. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the delay in surgery attributable to the presence fracture blisters and (2) investigate the relationship of fracture blisters to comorbidities and fracture severity. Methods Patients with pilon fractures at an urban level 1 Trauma center from 2010 to 2021 were identified. The presence or absence of fracture blisters was noted, along with location. Demographic information, time from injury to external fixator placement, and time to definitive open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) were collected. Pilon fractures were classified according to AO/OTA guidelines using CT imaging and plain radiographs. Results 314 patients with pilon fractures were available for analysis, eighty (25%) of whom were found to have fracture blisters. Patients with fracture blisters had longer time to surgery compared to those without fracture blisters (14.2 days vs 7.9 days, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of patients with fracture blisters had AO/OTA 43C fracture patterns, compared with those without fracture blisters (71.3% vs 53.8%, p = 0.03). Fractures blisters were less likely to be localized over the posterior ankle (12%, p = 0.007). Conclusion The presence of fracture blisters in pilon fractures are associated with significant delays in time to definitive fixation and higher energy fracture patterns. Fracture blisters are less commonly located over the posterior ankle which may support the implementation of a staged posterolateral approach when managing these injures.

Epidemiology, prevention methods, and risk factors of foot blisters in French trail ultramarathons

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Blisters are a common running injury and are known to limit runners’ performance. There have been many studies on the subject with contrasting results. It would therefore be useful to describe more clearly blister epidemiology, blister prevention methods, and risk factors of blister development.METHODS: This study is a retrospective anonymous, post-race survey. Runners were contacted by email after races in France during the summer and autumn of 2021 and asked to fill-in an online survey about their experience with blisters and running experiences.RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-three runners participated, of whom were 468 (88%) men and 47 women (12%), mean age 42±9.75. Sixty-one percent (N.=329) of runners applied blister prevention methods before the start of the race and 29% (N.=155) reported blisters at the end of the race. Most commonly used blisters prevention methods were: anti-friction cream 79% (N.=260), “anti-blister socks” 33% (N.=107), paper tape 13% (N.=44), and topical lemon application 11% (N.=36). Having a history of blisters in the past is strongly associated with blisters onset OR=15.950 (9.135-29.640; P<0.0001). Distances ran between 40 to 74 km appeared to be the less likely to cause blisters OR 0.188 (0.045-0.729; P=0.019). None of the studied blister prevention methods seemed to match the protective effect of running shorter distances.CONCLUSIONS: Having a history of previous blisters is a major risk factor for blister occurrence, while running shorter distances seems protective.