Showing papers on "Broadband networks published in 1992"
Patent•
06 Nov 1992TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method of establishing connections in accordance with the principles of the IEEE 802.15.1-Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) signal streams are converted into Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells for switching and transmission across a telecommunications network.
Abstract: In accordance with the principles of this invention, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) signal streams are converted into Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells for switching and transmission across a telecommunications network. Each cell carries one PCM sample of up to 48 different voice connections, the voice connections selected from the PCM data streams because they have a common destination. The cells are transmitted over ATM virtual circuits, each circuit transmitting one cell every 125 μs. Advantageously, ATM transmission systems interface with PCM systems without adding appreciable delay and without requiring additional buffering. Advantageously, new voice paths can be established most of the time by using available slots in the cells of existing virtual paths. This application relates to methods of establishing connections in accordance with the principles of the invention.
142 citations
TL;DR: The traffic characterization and modeling of the real-time bursty traffic, mainly voice and video traffic sources, using statistical methods are described, showing that the variability of the variance of the sum of consecutive packet interarrival times leads to significant queuing delays and therefore is a major cause of congestion in broadband networks.
Abstract: It is pertinent to develop a set of simple parameters that can best characterize the variability and the statistical correlations of the packet arrival process. These parameters are then used by the network to allocate its resources among the different users in order to avoid congestion and maintain a predefined quality of service (QOS) for each user. The traffic characterization and modeling of the real-time bursty traffic, mainly voice and video traffic sources, using statistical methods are described. It is shown that the variability of the variance of the sum of consecutive packet interarrival times leads to significant queuing delays and therefore is a major cause of congestion in broadband networks. >
103 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that much simpler solutions to many of these issues may be adopted in the context of the corporate network than is permissible for the public broadband network.
Abstract: Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology is discussed in relation to the requirements of corporate networking. An introduction to ATM switch architecture is presented. The various approaches to ATM switch design that have appeared in previously published literature are reviewed. A discussion is presented of some current issues facing the development of the ATM networks. It is argued that much simpler solutions to many of these issues may be adopted in the context of the corporate network than is permissible for the public broadband network. >
97 citations
TL;DR: The definition of ATM bearer service categories necessary for the economical support of initial applications and evolution to future B-ISDN services is proposed and the elements of the ATM traffic management strategy to support these service categories are presented.
Abstract: A set of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) bearer service categories, differentiated in terms of quality of service (QOS), that will support the large spectrum of applications expected in broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN) is defined. The evolution of applications and the traffic requirements in B-ISDN/ATM networks are described, and the evolution of network services to address these requirements is discussed. The definition of ATM bearer service categories necessary for the economical support of initial applications and evolution to future B-ISDN services is proposed. The elements of the ATM traffic management strategy to support these service categories are presented. >
65 citations
TL;DR: Applications likely to require gigabit-per-second communications, including supercomputer networking, remote visualization, and virtual reality, are presented and dynamic radiation therapy planning, visualization and telepresence, and medical imaging applications are examined.
Abstract: Applications likely to require gigabit-per-second communications, including supercomputer networking, remote visualization, and virtual reality, are presented. Specifically, dynamic radiation therapy planning, visualization and telepresence, and medical imaging applications are examined. Public gigabit network requirements, applications of broadband ISDN to gigabit networks, the needs of applications with B-ISDN, and distance hiding in public gigabit networks are discussed. >
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a growable architecture for broadband asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching consisting of a memoryless self-routing interconnect fabric and modest-size packet switch modules is examined.
Abstract: The performance of a growable architecture for broadband asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching consisting of a memoryless self-routing interconnect fabric and modest-size packet switch modules is examined. The cell loss probability is the focus because the architecture attains the best possible delay-throughput performance if the packet switch modules use output queuing. There are two sources of cell loss in the switch. First, cells are dropped if too many simultaneous arrivals are destined to a group of output ports. Second, because a simple, distributed path-assignment controller is used for speed and efficiency, cells are dropped when the controller cannot schedule a path through the switch. The authors compute an upper bound on arrivals, possibly including isochronous circuit connections, and show that both sources of cell loss can be made negligibly small. >
49 citations
TL;DR: The key features of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) standards for the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) public network, which is expected to provide a powerful and ubiquitous infrastructure to support the emerging gigabit-per-second data and multimedia applications, are reviewed.
Abstract: The key features of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) standards for the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) public network, which is expected to provide a powerful and ubiquitous infrastructure to support the emerging gigabit-per-second data and multimedia applications, are reviewed. The advantages of ATM, the ATM cell format, the B-ISDN protocol reference model and the ATM layer, the ATM adaptation layer, and ATM traffic management and signaling are discussed. An experimental high-performance parallel interface (HIPPI)-ATM-SONET interface is presented as an example to illustrate how the SONET and ATM techniques can be used to provide end-to-end transport for applications requiring a bandwidth of 800 Mb/s and possibly 1600 Mb/s. >
47 citations
06 Dec 1992
TL;DR: A prototype 2.5 Gb/s ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switch fabric was developed for flexible broadband applications and is designed, using the theory of the growable switch architecture, to guarantee the best possible delay-throughput performance for arbitrary traffic distributions for independent inputs.
Abstract: A prototype 2.5 Gb/s ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switch fabric was developed for flexible broadband applications. The prototype configuration supports multiple standard line card interfaces. Employing the concept of hierarchical multiplexing, the ATM cells are extracted from the payload of these SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) signals and multiplexed inside the fabric to an internal equivalent cell rate of 2.5 Gb/s. Routing is done on a cell-by-cell basis according to the cell header address information. The core fabric of the switch is therefore a 2.5-Gb/s ATM switch. The fabric is designed, using the theory of the growable switch architecture, to guarantee the best possible delay-throughput performance for arbitrary traffic distributions for independent inputs. In this prototype implementation, physical size, physical growth, power consumption, protection switching, maintenance, and reliability are optimized. The core 2.5 Gb/s fabric prototype can grow from 8*8 (supporting up to 128 STM-1 interfaces) to larger sizes (e.g. 64*64, supporting up to 1024 STM-1 interfaces). Considerations for substantially larger switch sizes are also taken into account. The initial prototype and its evolution to larger switch dimensions are discussed. >
43 citations
TL;DR: The Internet, a system of interconnected computer networks primarily in the USA, can be seen as an experiment in the development, deployment and use of high-speed networks, and as such can provide guidance for the shaping of the future national telecommunications infrastructure.
40 citations
06 Dec 1992
TL;DR: The problem of video transport over ATM networks is examined using knowledge of both video system design and broadband networks and the leaky-bucket algorithm appears to be superior to the sliding-window algorithm as an operational traffic descriptor for video.
Abstract: The problem of video transport over ATM networks is examined using knowledge of both video system design and broadband networks. For all sequences examined, increasing the delay in the video system decreases the necessary peak rate and significantly increases the number of calls that can be carried by the network. As an operational traffic descriptor for video, the leaky-bucket algorithm appears to be superior to the sliding-window algorithm. With a delay in the video system, the statistical multiplexing gain from variable bit rate (VBR) over constant bit rate (CBR) video is upper bounded by roughly a factor of three, and obtaining a gain of 1.5 to 2.0 can require the operational traffic descriptor to have a window or bucket size on the order of a thousand cells. How increasing the complexity of the video system may allow the size of the bucket or window to be reduced is discussed. >
40 citations
TL;DR: High-speed data services to provide the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) between locations, or even operate a computer-aided design (CAD) terminal remotely from its local area network (LAN), are likely new applications for broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN).
Abstract: Switched on-demand video is expected to become a major consumer of bandwidth. Two-way video offers televisting, tele-education, and telecommuting services, which together could represent a further substantial bandwidth demand. High-speed data services to provide the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) between locations, or even operate a computer-aided design (CAD) terminal remotely from its local area network (LAN), are likely new applications for broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN). The video quality evolution and digital modulation techniques that are making broadband digital delivery of TV signals possible are reviewed. Cable TV B-ISDN delivery, short twisted pair B-ISDN delivery, and TV broadcast digital delivery are discussed. >
01 May 1992
TL;DR: The gamma network is enhanced to derive a balanced gamma network with the addition of an additional link and the performance of the proposed network is analyzed in comparison with the existing networks.
Abstract: The gamma network is enhanced to derive a balanced gamma network with the addition of an additional link. The performance of the proposed network is analyzed in comparison with the existing networks. The performance of replicated networks and of networks with one internal buffer are investigated. These networks are studied using two assumptions: the common assumption that each destination can accept only one packet in a given cycle and the assumption that any number of packets can be accepted by a destination. Balanced gamma networks exhibit good performance, enable simple routing schemes, and are modular. >
TL;DR: A simple call splitting algorithm called greedy splitting is presented which achieves near-optimal performance and is presented as a alternative to excessive call splitting.
Abstract: Multicast switching is emerging as a new switching technology that can provide efficient transport in a broadband network for video and other multipoint communication services. The authors develop and analyze call scheduling algorithms for a multicast switch. In particular, they examine two general classes of scheduling algorithms: call packing algorithms and call splitting algorithms. The performance improvement by the call packing algorithms examined is shown to be negligible. In contrast, the call splitting algorithms can provide significantly lower blocking by reducing the level of output port contention. However, excessive call splitting could degrade performance because of the additional load introduced to the input ports. The authors present a simple call splitting algorithm called greedy splitting which achieves near-optimal performance. >
TL;DR: A nodal system architecture developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone that will allow stepwise evolution to broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), starting from the current nationwide narrowband integrated servicesdigital network (N-IS DN) system in Japan is discussed.
Abstract: A nodal system architecture developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) that will allow stepwise evolution to broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), starting from the current nationwide narrowband integrated services digital network (N-ISDN) system in Japan, is discussed. The status of the current N-ISDN and the requirements for B-ISDN as the next step after N-ISDN are discussed, followed by a scenario for the evolution of B-ISDN from N-ISDN. A plan is outlined for the first ATM switching service for high-speed data transfer and a nodal system architecture permitting easy evolution to full B-ISDN. >
TL;DR: The architecture of a comprehensive communication system within this infrastructure, which will support a digital-based radiology operation, is described and consists of a real-time analog video and digital components.
Abstract: An emerging concept in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is the PACS infrastructure. The critical components in this infrastructure are communication systems, cluster controller, database integration, fault-tolerant design, and systems integration software. The architecture of a comprehensive communication system within this infrastructure, which will support a digital-based radiology operation, is described. This communication network consists of a real-time analog video and digital components. The video network utilizes broadband and fiber-optic communication technologies. The digital communication is based on a three-tiered network integrating Ethernet, FDDI, and Ultranet technologies. The digital network uses the standard TCP/IP protocol and has a fault-tolerant design. Both components have been in clinical operation since the summer of 1991. >
TL;DR: An overview of the INA architecture, which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies and specifies an architecture for future information networks that are required to transport multimedia information and to manage multimedia communication, is presented.
Abstract: An overview of the INA architecture, which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies and specifies an architecture for future information networks that are required to transport multimedia information and to manage multimedia communication, is presented. The key functional separations that have to be met in any INA-consistent network, the major components of an INA-consistent network, and the various levels in the architecture are described. The INA architecture is compared to other networking and distributed-processing architecture. >
TL;DR: An overview of the INA Architecture, which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies and specifies an architecture for future information networks that are required to transport multimedia information and to manage multimedia communication, is presented.
Abstract: An overview of the INA Architecture, which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies and specifies an architecture for future information networks that are required to transport multimedia information and to manage multimedia communication, is presented. The key functional separations that have to be met in any INA-consistent network, the major components of an INA-consistent network, and the various levels in the architecture are described. The INA Architecture is compared with ISO's Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), ISO's Open Distributed Processing (ODP), and Bellcore's AIN architecture. >
16 Mar 1992
TL;DR: A unified framework of an architecture for broadband networks is outlined that consists of the traffic control, the management and information transport architecture, which is exemplified by modeling one of the fundamental building blocks of the future gigabit architecture.
Abstract: A unified framework of an architecture for broadband networks is outlined The network architecture is based on three fundamental principles: the separation principle, the layering principle and the principle of asynchronous resource management Based on these three principles the network objects are organized into an integrated reference model (IRM) The IRM consists of the traffic control, the management and information transport architecture These architectures run on different time scales Their main requirement is to guarantee quality of service as negotiated at call set up The traffic control model employed consists of a statistical and a dynamic database and a set of distributed algorithms that interact by writing and reading onto these databases They are part of a network database capable of supporting monitoring, control, configuration and fault management tasks The design of the network database is exemplified by modeling one of the fundamental building blocks of the future gigabit architecture >
TL;DR: A flexible broadband signaling capable of handling all sorts of manipulations in a multimedia environment is described and is shown to be applicable to distributive digital TV.
Abstract: The different applications for which ATM broadband networks can be used are discussed. With regard to the ATM layer, the CCITT has standardized two kinds of virtual connections: virtual channel connections (VCCs) and virtual path connections (VPCs), where a VPC can be considered as an aggregate of VCCs. It is shown that two large groups of applications can be supported using either the VPC or VCC concept. In the first range of applications, only semipermanent VPC connections are supported. In the second, fully on demand VCC connections are offered to the subscribers. A flexible broadband signaling capable of handling all sorts of manipulations in a multimedia environment is described. The signaling is shown to be applicable to distributive digital TV. >
DOI•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of the initial step in a plan for the design, deployment and operation of a high speed campus network at Washington University, which will support ubiquitous multimedia workstations with high-resolution graphics and video capabilities.
Abstract: This is a report of the results of the initial step in a plan for the design, deployment and operation of a high speed campus network at Washington University. The network is based on ATM switching technology that has been developed here during the last several years. This network will support ubiquitous multimedia workstations with high-resolution graphics and video capabilities, open up a wide range of new applications in research and education. It will support aggregate throughputs of hundreds of gigabits per second and will be designed to support port of 100 MB/s is now in operation. The next... Read complete abstract on page 2.
TL;DR: In this paper, the TDMA circuit switching service on the broadband tree-shaped network applying the two-way coaxial CATV techniques is discussed, and the improvement of the time-slotted bus system with controller window proposed previously by the authors is discussed.
Abstract: This paper attempts to realize the TDMA circuit switching service on the broadband tree-shaped network applying the two-way coaxial CATV techniques. The improvement of the time-slotted bus system with controller window proposed previously by the authors is discussed.
To make this system practical, such problems as simplification of terminal device and expansion of service scale must be solved. For this purpose, the “center measurement method” and the “variable width control window method” are developed anew. The former is a system which measures such parameters as the round-trip transmission delay at the central control device and notifies the terminal of the result.
By improving the down-link transmission quality of the control window, which is important from the viewpoint of the stable operation of the whole system and by reducing the high-speed operation functions, the terminal device is simplified. The latter is to adjust the control window width according to the traffic. By this scheme, the number of contained time-slots, i.e., the number of serviceable subscribers, can be increased without reducing the wide service area of the broadband tree-shaped network. A prototype system was constructed based on those two system improvements, and an experimental evaluation was attempted on the experimental two-way CATV system with a total length of 7.9 km. As a result, it was verified that the foregoing improvements are useful and matched to each other.
TL;DR: Economic feasibility studies of the GBN, by simulating on certain large-size real networks in the greater Tokyo area, indicate the possibility of a more than 50% cost reduction in transit networks.
Abstract: A granulated broadband network (GBN) is proposed as an intermediate asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) based platform to be part of an evolution scenario toward B-ISDN. The GBN enables various types of services to be provided including 64-kb/s-based services and broadband services. In the GBN, information is transformed into ATM cells at subscriber line terminals or at customer premises and is transferred through ATM networks; consequently, the cost feasibility of a single-channel cell assembly/deassembly device is a significant factor in economically providing ATM-based conventional services and interworking between STM and ATM networks. Various virtual path capacities with a fine degree of granularity can be provided in a mesh structure between transit modes in the GBN. Economic feasibility studies of the GBN, by simulating on certain large-size real networks in the greater Tokyo area, indicate the possibility of a more than 50% cost reduction in transit networks. >
TL;DR: A credible introduction strategy for B-ISDN is described, which enables not only the realization of a cost-effective and flexible network infrastructure, but also the provision of high-speed multimedia leased line services.
Abstract: A credible introduction strategy for B-ISDN is described. The first step is the introduction of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) techniques into the path layer. The strategy is shown to be effective, since it enables not only the realization of a cost-effective and flexible network infrastructure, but also the provision of high-speed multimedia leased line services. The service advantages possible with virtual paths are also demonstrated. The authors' technical advances, including ATM network resource management techniques and network utilization enhancement techniques, are highlighted. >
14 Jun 1992
TL;DR: A simple optical star local area network is considered with an equal number of users and channels in the system and some switching protocols are developed for this LAN and its application as an integrated broadband switch, is presented.
Abstract: A simple optical star local area network is considered with an equal number of users and channels in the system. Optical LANs provide very high aggregate network throughputs due to concurrency achievable through wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Using a WDM technique, multiple channels can be created in an optical fiber and a multichannel LAN can be configured using these parallel channels and a simple passive optical star coupler. The authors consider such an optical star network. Some switching protocols are developed for this LAN and its application as an integrated broadband switch, is also presented. Some of the numerical results of the throughput and delay equations for the switching protocols are presented. >
01 Jun 1992
TL;DR: A neural control scheme is proposed which is a direct application of the backpropagation neural networks with those modifications required to pose the problem in the framework of a general quality-of-service control.
Abstract: The paper investigates the application of neural networks to adaptive congestion control in broadband ATM networks. A neural control scheme is proposed which is a direct application of the backpropagation neural networks with those modifications required to pose the problem in the framework of a general quality-of-service control. The learning algorithms regulating traffic loads to meet performance requirements are described and validated. To illustrate the present scheme's ability to control, three examples of networks consisting of simple dynamic queuing models are studied through simulations.
11 Nov 1992
TL;DR: An evolution scenario of broadband services is proposed with a new asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) platform concept named granulated broadband network (GBN), followed by ATM public switched services for medium-sized customers providing a flexible information outlet with several megabits-per-second capacity.
Abstract: An evolution scenario of broadband services is proposed with a new asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) platform concept named granulated broadband network (GBN). High-speed LAN interconnection service will be the first ATM broadband application, followed by ATM public switched services for medium-sized customers providing a flexible information outlet with several megabits-per-second capacity. These ATM private network and public switched services can be achieved economically by constructing a GBN platform on which all information carried by existing public switched telephone network (PSTN) services as well as broadband services is transformed into ATM cells at subscriber line terminals or at customer premises. >
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed three time-division-based switching fabrics, two wavelength-division based switching fabrics and two multidivision fabrics, and fine-grain space-division fabrics associated with S-SEED devices.
Abstract: One of the keys to the future of telecommunications companies will be their ability to provide new broadband services to both the business community and residential customers. With the new services will come the need for the equivalent of a broadband switching office. Such a system could require the capability of supporting in excess of 10000 users with broadband channel bit rates exceeding 100 Mb/s. This implies a switching fabric the aggregate bit rate of which could be greater than 1 Tb/s. Guided-wave technology and free-space technology switching fabrics are discussed. Three time-division-based switching fabrics are proposed, and two wavelength-division-based switching fabrics and two multidivision fabrics are described. The fine-grain space-division fabrics associated with S-SEED devices are discussed. The ways in which 2-D optoelectronic integrated circuits (2D-OEICs) or smart pixels could be used as the building blocks for larger and more complex switching fabrics are described. >
TL;DR: An access flow control algorithm which is applied at the access nodes to the network, specifically at the input voice and video multiplexers to throttle the peak bit rate of the input arrival process.
TL;DR: The business environment of the insurance, publishing, and health care industries is described, and key points to their operations where broadband telecommunications can play a role are identified.
Abstract: The business environment of the insurance, publishing, and health care industries is described, and key points to their operations where broadband telecommunications can play a role are identified. Broadband applications are analyzed as to whether they provide both an operational and strategic benefit to innovating organizations in each of the three industries. The following impacts of broadband are identified: fast, efficient, and differentiated service to customers, reduced costs, targeted marketing, and market expansion. The traffic characteristics of the applications in terms of bandwidth and business are analyzed and shown to map on to the rollout of North American public network services by first implementing the less bursty, lower bandwidth applications requiring the interconnections of a small number of sites, and later those involving more bursty, higher bandwidth traffic and more numerous sites. >
06 Dec 1992
TL;DR: The preliminary design of a switch architecture for broadband networks that is capable of switching variable-length packets is addressed and algorithms for selecting the switching configuration are proposed and compared in terms of their associated traffic performance.
Abstract: The preliminary design of a switch architecture for broadband networks that is capable of switching variable-length packets is addressed. The structure is assumed to be connectionless, so that no bandwidth reservation takes place before the user packet, or datagram, is transferred. Architectures based on input buffering, output buffering or shared buffering can be studied. Moreover, one can define datagram-asynchronous or datagram-synchronous architectures, based on the periodicity of the change in the switching configuration. For a datagram-synchronous architecture employing input buffering and based on a nonblocking interconnection network, algorithms for selecting the switching configuration are proposed and compared in terms of their associated traffic performance. >