Showing papers on "Bulinus truncatus published in 2017"

Biological control of snail hosts transmitting schistosomiasis by the water bug, Sphaerodema urinator.

Abstract: The water bug, Sphaerodema urinator (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae), shares the same habitat of the freshwater snails in ponds, lakes, and streams. Studies conducted in lakes show that fish and crayfish predators play an important role in determining the abundance of freshwater snails. In contrast, shallow ponds and marches often lack fish and crayfish but have abundant insect predators. This study has been carried out to evaluate the predatory potential of S. urinator adult on two freshwater snails that serves as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma. Laboratory evaluation of predation by S. urinator on these intermediate hosts revealed that the adult bug could kill and consume the two intermediate hosts: Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina. The number of snails consumed differed according to the snail type, size, and density. The times taken for searching and handling times were depending on the snail size, type, and vulnerability of the predator. The predation rate varied also with respect to snail type and density. Prey size is a major factor influencing predator preferences. This study indicated that the predator, S. urinator, may be a suitable bio-control agent in connection with Schistosoma intermediate hosts in the aquatic area.

Effects of the Extracts of Euphorbia pulcherima and Atriplex nummularia on the Infectivity of Schistosoma haematobium to Bulinus truncatus Snails

Abstract: Effects of extracts of Euphorbia pulcherima and Atriplex nummularia on infection rate and cercarial production of The Bulinus truncatus infected with Schistosoma haematobium, as well as on the free living stages of the parasite (miracidia and cercariae) besides biochemical parameters of the snail were studied. The results showed that the LC25 of the extracts of E. pulcherima and A. nummularia caused a considerable reduction in the infectivity

Polyploidy in Bulinid Snails, with Emphasis on Bulinus truncatus/tropicus Complex (Planorbidae: Pulmonate Mollusks) from Various Localities in Ethiopia

Abstract: Freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus, mostly Bulinus truncatus/tropicus complex occur in Ethiopia in various ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid) which are otherwise rare in other animal phyla. This study provides data on the occurrence and distribution of various ploidy levels of B. truncatus/tropicus complex in Ethiopia based on meiotic bivalent chromosome counts. Emphasis was made on the role of shell morphology and chromosome number in species identification of B.truncatus /tropicus group. Specimens were collected from fourteen different localities in Ethiopia. Chromosome preparation was made from gonad tissue (ovotestis). The result showed that diploid species are mainly associated with low altitude, tetraploid with both low and medium altitudes whereas hexaploids and octoploids with high altitudes. Unexpected result was found in Lake Hora, where both diploid and tetraploid populations were occurring together in the same microhabitat which is in contrary to suggestions of some authors that two cytotypes of Bulinus truncatus/ tropicus complex do not occur in the same water body in Ethiopia. It was recommended that thorough investigation of each water body where snails are occurring, should be undertaken using cytological and molecular approaches and that the possibility of hexaploid Bulinussnails as potential host of human schistosome parasites in the highland of Ethiopia.

Toxicity of Randia nilotica fruit extract on Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus

Abstract: Ebodi AYE, Ahmed MM. 2017. Toxicity of Randia nilotica fruit extract on Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus. Cell Bio Dev 1 (1): 23-30. The aqueous filtered and unfiltered extract of the fruits of Randia nilotica (locally name as Shagarat El-Murfaein) were assessed as molluscicides against Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus as well as their effect on cercariae and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni. The plant was tested on uninfected B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus, the results showed that unfiltered extracts were found relatively more potent than filtered one (i.e. 100% was attained at 90 ppm and 80 ppm) respectively. While, filtered extract tested on uninfected B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus (100% was attained at 100 ppm and 90 ppm) respectively. The effect of unfiltered extract on infected B. pfeifferi produced 100% mortality in concentration of 70 ppm. The activity of the plant on cercariae and miracidia revealed that cercariae was more resistance than miracidia (i.e.50 ppm killed all cercariae within 3 hours while killed miracidia within 2 hours. The results were statistically analyzed and discussed, and the findings were promising and could open new avenues for the practical use of the plant at the field.

Potential of Lanistes varicus in limiting the population of Bulinus truncatus

Abstract: To determine the ability of the Ampullariid, Lanistes varicus to prey on egg masses and juveniles of Bulinus truncatus snails, an intermediate host of urogenital schistosomiasis in West Africa. Lanistes varicus was found to feed voraciously on egg masses and juveniles of Bulinus truncatus, consuming all egg masses (20 –25) exposed to it within 24 h. Also, 95–100% of 1–2 days old B. truncatus snails exposed to a single L. varicus snail was consumed within 4 days. The presence of L. varicus snails greatly increased mortality in B. truncatus with mortality increasing with increase in the number of L. varicus snails in the mixture of the two snail species. The current study has demonstrated under laboratory conditions that the Ghanaian strain of L. varicus has the potential of limiting the population of B. truncatus snails, and contribute to the control of urogenital schistosomiasis in West Africa.

Assessment of distribution and abundance of land snail Species in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Snails are one of the most diverse groups of animals, also known to be a good delicacy. The study assessed the abundance and distribution of edible land snail species inMakurdiMetropolis, Nigeria. The study was conducted from April to October 2013. Five locations were selected (Achusa, Agbough, University of Agriculture Makurdi, NASME and Zoological garden). Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Three species of snails were identified (Achatina achatina, Achatina depravata and Bulinus truncatus.) and a total of 2030 snails were collected. Their distribution in terms of location showed that theMakurdi ZoologicalGarden had the highest number of snails while NASME had the least number. The month of August had the highest distribution of snails while the leastwas recorded in themonth ofApril.Analysis of Variance revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in location andmonthsamong the species sampled.

Freshwater molluscs in Tessaout Amont irrigation system (El Kelaa Sraghnas province, Morocco)

Abstract: As part of the risk assessment of the reintroduction of Schistosomiasis in the El Kelaa des Sraghna province (Morocco), 200 sites in Tessaout Amont irrigation system spread over five districts were surveyed between May 2012 and May 2013. A total of 7 species were identified. Bulinus truncatus , intermediate host of schistosomiasis in Morocco, has been, with Lymnea peregra and Physa acuta , the most frequently encountered. Compared to the results of previous studies in the area, there was evidence of changes in the distribution and abundance of some species of mollusks.