Showing papers on "Carboxylic acid published in 1978"

Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation

Abstract: Carboxylic acid acylating agents are derived from polyalkenes such as polybutenes, and a dibasic, carboxylic reactant such as maleic or fumaric acid or certain derivatives thereof. These acylating agents are characterized in that the polyalkenes from which they are derived have a Mn value of about 1300 to about 5000 and a Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4. The acylating agents are further characterized by the presence within their structure of at least 1.3 groups derived from the dibasic, carboxylic reactant for each equivalent weight of the groups derived from the polyalkene. The acylating agents can be reacted with a further reactant subject to being acylated such as polyethylene polyamines and polyols (e.g., pentaerythritol) to produce derivatives useful per se as lubricant additives or as intermediates to be subjected to post-treatment with various other chemical compounds and compositions, such as epoxides, to produce still other derivatives useful as lubricant additives.

Process for preparation of microspheres

Abstract: Microspheres, prepared by solvent removal from an oil-in-water emulsion using carboxylic acid salt surfactant, e.g., sodium oleate as the emulsifier.

Polymer emulsification process

Abstract: A polymer emulsification process comprising intimately dispersing a liquified water insoluble polymer phase in an aqueous liquid medium phase containing at least one nonionic, anionic or cationic oil-in-water functioning emulsifying agent, in the presence of a compound selected from the group consisting of those hydrocarbons and hydrocarbyl alcohols, ethers, alcohol esters, amines, halides and carboxylic acid esters which are inert, non-volatile, water insoluble, liquid and contain a terminal aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of at least about 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof, and subjecting the resulting crude emulsion to the action of comminuting forces sufficient to enable the production of an aqueous emulsion containing polymer particles averaging less than about 0.5 μ in size.

Combination of ethylene polymer, polymer having alkyl side chains, and nitrogen containing compound to improve cold flow properties of distillate fuel oils

Abstract: Oil soluble combinations of (A) ethylene polymer or copolymer, (B) a second polymer having alkyl side chains of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and derived from carboxylic acid esters and/or olefins, and (C) nitrogen compounds, such as amides, amine salts and ammonium salts, of carboxylic acids or anhydrides, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon fuel oils.

Multi-purpose additive compositions and concentrates containing same

Abstract: Reaction products prepared by reacting (a) interpolymers of ethylene, one or more C 3 -C 8 α-monoolefins, and one or more polyenes selected from non-conjugated dienes and trienes, with (b) one or more olefinic carboxylic acid acylating agents to form an acylating reaction intermediate which is further reacted with (c) an amine, are disclosed. These reaction products have been found useful as multi-functional additives to a variety of lubricating oils for enhancing their dispersancy as well as improving their viscosity-temperature relationship.

Studies on Aziridine-2-carboxylic Acid. I. Synthesis of the Optically Active L-Aziridine-2-carboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives

Abstract: Lithium L-aziridine-2-carboxylate was synthesized from N-trityl-L-aziridine-carboxylic acid benzyl ester by the treatment with trifluoroacetic acid followed by the saponification with lithium hydroxide. Several N-acylaziridine-2-carboxylic acid esters were synthesized in good yield.

5-Aroyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo{8 1,2-a{9 pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid derivatives and process for the production thereof

Abstract: Novel 5-aroyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid compounds represented by the formula and the pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic esters and salts thereof, wherein R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, chloro, fluoro or bromo, the R1 substitution being at the ortho, meta or para positions of the aroyl group and process for the production of such compounds; 5-p-toluoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid is representative of the class. These compounds, as the racemic mixture or the (1)-isomer, are useful as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents and as smooth muscle relaxants.

Preparations for vaginal administration

Abstract: A preparation containing, as the main pharmaceutically active ingredient, a peptide having a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone activity, is improved in its absorption by adding thereto a water-soluble aliphatic carboxylic acid of 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

Cation exchange membrane preparation and use thereof

Abstract: Cation exchange membrane comprising a fluorocarbon polymer characterized by the presence of pendant carboxylic acid groups of the formula -- OCF 2 COOH -- and derivatives thereof.

2,5,5-Trimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a D(-)-penicillamine-directed pseudometabolite of ethanol. Detoxication mechanism for acetaldehyde.

Abstract: A directed detoxication mechanism for acetaldehyde (AcH) is described wherein ethanol-derived AcH, circulating in the blood of rats given ethanol-1-14C and disulfiram or pargyline, was sequestered by condensation with administered D(-)-penicillamine (1). The product of this condensation, 2,5,5-trimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (3), which was excreted in the urine without acetyl conjugation, was quantitatively determined by inverse isotope dilution measurements. Acetylation of the urine permitted the isolation of the corresponding N-acetyl derivative in crystalline form. The chirality of 3 was deduced by NMR analysis to be 72% 2S, 4S and 28% 2R, 4S. Although acetylation selectively acetylated the predominant isomer, this acetylated derivative was identical in all respects with a chemically synthesized product. This suggests that the in vivo condensation of AcH and 1 is not enzyme mediated.

Inhibition of the classical and alternative pathways by amino acids and their derivatives.

Abstract: Effects of various aminoacids and their derivatives on the classical pathway and alternative pathway of the complement were studied. Leupeptin, acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-arginal, inhibited CH50 and Cl-esterase, but did not inhibit the alternative pathway. When aminoacids of carbon chains of the order of seven were used, arginine and lysine had stronger effects than trans-aminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA), cis-aminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid (cis-AMCHA) and epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA). SH-compounds, cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione, had the strongest inhibitory effects among these aminoacids on both classical and alternative pathways. When effects on Cl esterase were compared, arginine, lysine, t-AMCHA, cis-AMCHA and EACA had weak inhibition while SH-compounds showed strong inhibition. Poly-L-lysine, which had extremely strong inhibition of CH50, had no inhibition of Cl esterase. The inhibitory effects of antifibrinolytic agents, EACA and t-AMCHA, were weak but when effects on early parts of the classical pathway, C(1,4,2)H50 were tested, some inhibitory activities were recognized. Thus inhibitory effects of these agents were due to their activities on the early parts of the classical pathway.

1,4-Dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, process for their preparation and compositions containing them

Abstract: New 7-dialkylamino-1-substituted-6-halogeno-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3 carboxylic acids of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the R 1 substituent is methyl, ethyl, vinyl or allyl and non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents. Also disclosed are processes for preparing the compounds.

Water-soluble copolymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers; process for preparing these copolymers and their use

Abstract: 1. A water-soluble copolymer which comprises, as characteristic monomers, (a) from 80 to 2 % by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated C3 - to C5 -carboxylic acid, acryl-amidodimethylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid or vinylphosphoric acid, or of an ester of the formula see diagramm : EP0003235,P8,F1 where R is H or -CH3 , n is from 1 to 4 and R**1 and R**2 are alkyls of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or of mixtures of the said monomers, and (b) from 20 to 98 % by weight of a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound of the formula see diagramm : EP0003235,P9,F2 where R**3 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R**4 is H or -CH3 , R**5 is H, n is from 2 to 100 and m is from 0 to 50.

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Intermediates: 4-Substituted Alkoxybenzenes

Abstract: Improvements in the O-alkylation of 4-substituted phenols with alkyl bromides in the presence of base by using anhydrous conditions has led to better methods for the preparation of 4-substituted alkoxybenzenes in which the substituent is either an aldehyde or a protected functional group. The protected groups can be benzyloxy, acetamido and carboxylic acid methyl ester which are easily converted to hydroxy, amino and acid chloride groups. A mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and benzene containing molecular sieves and sodium hydroxide as the base along with an azeotropic distillation provides the necessary anhydrous conditions to avoid hydrolysis of the protecting groups. A variety of mesomorphic compounds such as 4,4′-disubstituted phenylbenzoates, phenylthiobenzoates, benzylideneamino (Schiff's bases) compounds and azoxybenzenes in which at least one of the terminal substituents is an alkoxy group can be prepared from these 4-substituted alkoxybenzenes.

Metabolism of Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid by Alcaligenes Strain W1

Abstract: Thirty-three microorganisms capable of growth with cyclohexane carboxylate as the sole source of carbon were isolated from mud, water, and soil samples from the Aberystwyth area. Preliminary screening and whole-cell oxidation studies suggested that, with one exception, all of the strains metabolized the growth substrate by beta-oxidation of the coenzyme A ester. This single distinctive strain, able to oxidize rapidly trans-4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate, 4-ketocyclohexane carboxylate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and protocatechuate when grown with cyclohexane carboxylate, was classified as a strain of Alcaligenes and given the number W1. Enzymes capable of converting cyclohexane carboxylate to p-hydroxybenzoate were induced by growth with the alicyclic acid and included the first unambiguous specimen of a cyclohexane carboxylate hydroxylase. Because it is a very fragile protein, attempts to stabilize the cyclohexane carboxylate hydroxylase so that a purification procedure could be developed have consistently failed. In limited studies with crude cell extracts, we found that hydroxylation occurred at the 4 position, probably yielding the trans isomer of 4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate. Simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation, coupled with an assessment of reactant stoichiometry, showed the enzyme to be a mixed-function oxygenase. Mass spectral analysis enabled the conversion of cyclohexane carboxylate to p-hydroxybenzoate by cell extracts to be established unequivocally, and all of our data were consistent with the pathway: cyclohexane carboxylate → trans-4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate → 4-ketocyclohexane carboxylate → p-hydroxybenzoate. The further metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoate proceeded by meta fission and by the oxidative branch of the 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconic semialde-hyde-cleaving pathway.

Stabilized fuel slurry

Abstract: A fuel slurry comprising a mixture of a fuel oil and pulverized coal may be effectively stabilized with a small amount of adducts of alkylene oxide and an alcohol, an amine, a carboxylic acid or a phenol, or inorganic acid esters of said adducts; or cross-linked products of said adducts or said inorganic acid esters.

Modified overbased sulfonates and phenates

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of matter and a method for their manufacture, and lubricating oil compositions containing such compositions. The compositions of matter comprise the reaction product of basic compound comprising overbased metal sulfonate, phenate, or mixtures thereof, with acidic compound comprising organic carboxylic acid, organic carboxylic acid anhydride, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid ester, thiophosphoric acid ester, or mixtures thereof.

The anaerobic decomposition of benzoic acid during methane fermentation. IV. Dearomatization of the ring and volatile fatty acids formed on ring rupture.

Abstract: A possible pathway for the anaerobic utilization of benzoic acid by a methanogenic consortium is suggested. Cyclohexane carboxylic acid and 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid have been identified as intermediates before ring rupture. Suprisingly, 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid interferes with utilization of other cyclic acids. In addition, isobutyric acid or short chain acids containing carbon-carbon double bonds could not be used without induction periods of a week or longer. A number of volatile fatty acids (heptanoic, valeric, butyric, propanoic, and acetic) have been identified and are suggested intermediates.

Textile treatment compositions

Abstract: A textile treatment composition in emulsion form which is based on a mixture of cationic and nonionic softener includes an aromatic mono- or di-carboxylic acid as a viscosity modifier The presence of a carboxylic acid such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid in emulsified mixtures of a di-higher alkyl quaternary ammonium salt and a nonionic material having at least one higher alkyl chain gives a significant increase in viscosity

Carboxylic acid derivatives of alkanol tertiary monoamines and lubricants or functional fluids containing the same

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing phosphorus-free carboxylic acid derivatives made by reaction of an acylating agent with an alkanol tertiary monoamine are described. Typically the carboxylic acylating agent is an alkyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride containing about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group. A typical amine is diethyl ethanol amine. These derivatives are useful in incorporating oil-soluble, water-insoluble functional additives, such as metal salts of acid phosphate and thiophosphate hydrocarbyl esters, into water-based functional fluids such as water-based hydraulic fluids.

Polymerization of tetrahydrofuran

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE: Polytetrahydrofurans with molecular weights of from 3000 to 4,500 are manufactured by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran with a co-catalyst system of antimony penta-chloride and an organic carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid anhydride.

Gel Filtration Studies of Trace Metal-Fulvic Acid Solutions Extracted From Sewage Sludges

Abstract: Trace metal-fulvic acid solutions extracted with NaOH from two chemically different sewage sludges and separated from humic acid using HCl were fractionated on a column of Sephadex G-10 gel using deionized water at pH 5.65 as the eluant. The effluent from the gel was analyzed in 3-ml increments for organic C, Cl, and the metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Elution diagrams prepared with the analytical data showed multiple maxima in organic C concentration and a single maximum in Cl concentration (indicating the presence of inorganic salts). Fe and Cu showed concentration maxima that followed closely those in both the organic and inorganic fractions, while Cd, Ni, and Zn tended to show maxima following the inorganic fraction peak and only one or two of the organic C maxima. The data indicated that Cu and Fe formed complexes with sludge-derived fulvic acid (FA) under the conditions of the experiment. Cd, Ni, and Zn were associated with the FA only weakly, in a manner dependent on the nature of the sludge, and in the relative order of affinity Zn > Ni > Cd. These data suggested that sludge-derived FA behaves toward trace metals as a relatively harder Lewis base than Cl⁻. Infrared spectra of the eluted organic fractions indicated that protein decomposition products and polysaccharide components appear in the fractions of relatively larger molecular size, as do the components containing SO₃H groups. The IR spectra also gave evidence that COOH and SO₃H functional groups are involved in metal-FA interactions. An important organic fraction of sludge-derived FA was identified that appears to be an aliphatic, carboxylic acid mixture which can complex only Cu significantly.

Combination of ethylene polymer, normal paraffinic wax and nitrogen containing compound (stabilized, if desired, with one or more compatibility additives) to improve cold flow properties of distillate fuel oils

Abstract: Oil-soluble combinations of (A) ethylene polymer or copolymer, (B) normal paraffinic wax composed of normal hydrocarbons whose average molecular weight is within the range of from 300 to 650, and (C) nitrogen compounds, such as amides, amine salts and ammonium salts, of carboxylic acids or anhydrides, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon fuel oils. Preferably, the wax contains n-paraffins ranging from C 23 to C 37 inclusive. If desired, the combination can be usefully stabilized by the addition of one or more compatibility additives, i.e. a polymer having alkyl side chains of 6 to 30 carbon atoms and derived from carboxylic acid esters and/or olefins or C 8 -C 18 alkanol, e.g. tridecyl alcohol or mixtures of said polymer and alkanol.

Corrosion inhibiting compositions and the process for using same

Abstract: This invention is directed to corrosion inhibiting compositions and to a process for inhibiting corrosion and the deposition of mineral scale on metal in aqueous systems. The invention comprises adding to a water system effective amounts of an inhibiting composition comprising a water-soluble carboxylic acid and/or the salt thereof containing at least one hydroxyl group per molecule, an amino alkylene phosphonic acid or its derivative, a dispersing amount of a water-soluble polymeric dispersing agent and other inhibitors such as the molybdates, azoles and various inorganic metal compounds.