Showing papers on "Corporate governance published in 1979"

On the Measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility: Self-Reported Disclosures as a Method of Measuring Corporate Social Involvement

Abstract: This article develops a corporate social involvement disclosure scale based on a content analysis of the annual reports of the Fortune 500 companies. Three results are shown: (1) the change over ti...

The social organization of the american business elite and participation of corporation directors in the governance of american institutions

Abstract: Recent analysis suggests that the American business elite is differentiated along an "inner group" axis. At one end of the axis are those business people who are primary owners or top managers of several major corporations, collectively labeled the inner group, while at the other end are those who are connected with only a single major corporation. It is reasoned that, by virtue of their multiple corporate connections and the resulting transcendence of parochial corporate interests, inner group members would be more often involved in the governance of other institutions than would be other members of the business elite. Institutional governance includes the occupancy of top administrative posts and governing and advisory board positions of three types of institutions: nonprofit, nongovernment organizations, such as economic development and cultural organizations; local, state, and federal agencies; and major business policy associations. Drawing on a set of 2,003 directors of the nation's largest 797 corporations in 1969, and on director biographical information acquired from several sources, this study found that inner group members are substantially more likely, compared with other members of the business elite, to be involved directly in the governance of a range of institutions. Moreover, available evidence also indicates that the higher participation rate of inner group members is at least partly a result of their capacity to mobilize greater corporate resources and their involvement in a common, transcorporate social network. The evidence presented tentatively supports the thesis that the American business elite is differentiated along an inner group axis, at least with respect to the selection of business people to assist in the governance of other institutions. The inner group may be an important source of political leadership capable of promoting the more general interests of the entire capitalist class.

A New Measure of Public Opinion on Corporate Social Responsibility.

Abstract: A situational theory is used to explain the communication behavior and attitudes of publics that arise from issues of corporate social responsibility. Results show that various publics believe corp...

Sharing Authority Effectively

Abstract: This book examines the bases of authority and legitimacy for american academic governance under two main themes and aseries of subthemes.

Corporate planning models

Abstract: Nearly two thousand firms in the United States, Canada, and Mexico are either using, developing, or experimenting with some form of corporate planning model. Computer based planning models represent an attempt to describe the complex inter-relationships among a corporation's financial, marketing, and production activities in terms of a system of mathematical and logical relationships which have been programmed into a computer.In 1969, there were less than one hundred firms which were actually using corporate planning models. Two questions emerge when we consider the aforementioned data. Why has the number of corporations employing computer based planning models increased so dramatically? Why corporate planning models?

Corporate social reporting in the Federal Republic of Germany: An overview

Abstract: In this paper a concise overview of the German developments in the field of corporate social reporting is presented. Four “types” of conceptual models are distinguished by means of their primary orientation. The corporate social reports actually published to date are discussed, as well as the trade union reactions.

Governance at Unionized Four-Year Colleges: Effect on Decision-Making Structures.

Abstract: The faculty role in academic governance at institutions of higher education remains a topic of controversy, ambiguity, and misunderstanding among faculty themselves, administrators and, more recently, state legislators. The events of the past decade have further clouded the issues, for over 120,000 faculty on approximately 600 campuses are now unionized [20, 21]. The initiation of faculty collective bargaining has raised issues concerning the faculty role as employee or managerial decision maker [1], standardization of working conditions such as teaching load [3], and the status of the department head as supervisor or peer [28]. Other concerns include the effect of unions on faculty senates [43, 44], centralization of decision making at higher administrative levels [32], and the effect of collective bargaining on collegial faculty-administration relationships [15, 25, 38]. Governance generally refers to the decision-making and policy process in academic organizations. Because there is little agreement among scholars about the manner in which academic institutions are governed [4, 22, 29, 39], the imposition of the industrial model of adversarial relations upon a governance system based upon "shared authority" or "collegiality" has often resulted in confusion and mistrust between faculty and administrators. Most writing on collective bargaining, particularly in the early 1970s, chronicled the problems encountered by administrators unfamiliar with the conduct of labor negotiations [35] or warned of the

Corporate social reporting: Political interests and conflicts in Germany

Abstract: During the last 3 years, corporate social reporting has become a topic for intensive discussion among various parties, signalling, thereby, a new stage in its development. This paper elaborates the preferences and strategic postures of the parties involved and the consequences for the future development of corporate social reporting in Germany.

Management and Governance in the Two-Year College.

Abstract: There are approximately three thousand higher educational institutions in the United States, with widely differing modes of internal governance. Some are characterized by a rigid bureaucratic structure while others are governed collegially, with authority and responsibility shared by faculty, administration, and governing boards in a loosely structured arrangement. The majority of colleges probably fall between the two extremes of governance.

The Role of the Department Head or Chairman: Discipline, Sex and Nationality as Factors Influencing Faculty Opinion

Abstract: The influence of academic discipline, sex and nationality upon one's definiton of the role of the head or chairman of a university department was studied by means of a question- naire administered to members of the Faculty of Arts and Science of the University of Victoria. Discipline was found to be of overriding importance. Social scientists, unlike either Natural Scientists or Humanists, rejected leadership while favouring the roles of coordinator and, to a lesser degree, of representative. Women in the Humanities and Natural Sciences were more likely to expect leadership than were their male colleagues. The nationality of the respondents, however, did not appear to influence their expectations of the department head or chairman.

The Post-industrial Society and the Corporate State

Abstract: Following the debacle of the Australian Labor Party in 1975 and 1977, I wrote a paper which attempted to place these events in an international perspective (Encel, 1977). At that time, I was only dimly aware of the rapid growth of the comparative literature in this field, i.e. the relation between the neo-capitalist economy, changes in class structure, and the political ups and downs of the 1960s and 1970s. In this paper, I propose to concentrate on two or three particular aspects of the earlier analysis in the light of this literature, and of certain politicoeconomic developments of the 1970s.

Training for Citizen Governance in Community Mental Health: A Proposed Model.

Abstract: As governing bodies, citizen boards of directors of community mental health agencies are expected to exert a very significant influence over mental health services. The citizens who serve on these boards are frequently not prepared for the board responsibilities they are expected to assume and often feel inadequate in this role. Board members are, therefore, generally passive and noncontributing, and attend meetings only sporadically. They tend to look to the executive director for leadership of the agency. Frequently, the roles of board and executive director overlap. In order for the board to represent adequately the general public interest, it is crucial that the quality of citizen board participation be improved. This can be achieved by providing board members, through training, with appropriate knowledge and skills. This article describes one such training program.

Governance and Administration in a Period of Declining Enrollments.

Abstract: (1979). Governance and Administration in a Period of Declining Enrollments. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 305-320.