Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a corporate social involvement disclosure scale based on a content analysis of the annual reports of the Fortune 500 companies, and three results were shown: (1) the change over ti...
Abstract: This article develops a corporate social involvement disclosure scale based on a content analysis of the annual reports of the Fortune 500 companies. Three results are shown: (1) the change over ti...
1,090 citations
TL;DR: A study of an industrial sales force shows several specific attitudes to be positively related to use of a computer based information system.
Abstract: A study of an industrial sales force shows several specific attitudes to be positively related to use of a computer based information system. The results support and extend previous findings and su...
601 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that organizational birth is a phenomenon about which relatively little is known, but which may be an important constraint on later development and a comparative analysis of the birth, life, and death of organization is advocated.
Abstract: Kimberly presents a case study of the birth and early development of an innovative medical school. When the school opened in 1971, the existing 86 medical schools all offered similar programs: two years of basic science training in lecture halls and laboratories, followed by two years of direct contact with patients in clinical settings. In the new school, students were taught didactically only during the first year. During the second year, each student was assigned to a community physician who acted as an advisor and who discussed with students those patients afflicted with the diseases the student was currently studying. Available evidence indicated that the school's innovative curriculum was favorably received by the students and that they performed as well as their peers on standardized year-end exams. The author found the case of this medical school to be of particular interest from an organizational viewpoint in that: (1) the early development of the school was shaped by the first dean's entrepreneurial activity, ambitions, visions, strengths, and weaknesses; (2) the uncertainty resulting from the school's novelty forced individuals to assume new roles and face unclear performance criteria; and (3) the transition of an innovative school to an institutionalized one was problematic because it modified the decision-making process. The author suggests that those things which lead to an organization's success during its early years are not the same as those that lead to longer-run success. He says that a new organization creates new norms, values, and procedures whereas the elements of an existing organization interact within an established culture. He concludes that organizational birth is a phenomenon about which relatively little is known, but which may be an important constraint on later development. A comparative analysis of the birth, life, and death of organization is advocated.
385 citations
Abstract: This study sought to (1) develop a comprehensive typology for interpreting and analyzing organizational environments, (2) empirically test the validity of the typology, and (3) examine the relation...
297 citations
TL;DR: In a study of 684 business students, the authors found that good managers would be seen as androgynous (possessing both masculine and feminine characteristics), while graduate women also described themselves in masculine terms.
Abstract: The application of the Bern Sex-Role Inventory in a study of 684 business students failed to support the hypothesis that a good manager would be seen as androgynous (possessing both masculine and feminine characteristics). Instead, the good manager was described in masculine terms. Graduate women also described themselves in masculine terms.
287 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the collected data revealed that career variables of 277 municipal employees of a large southwestern city in upwardly mobile occupations were surveyed with a questionnaire instrument showed clear trends in career progression.
Abstract: Career variables of 277 municipal employees of a large southwestern city in upwardly mobile occupations were surveyed with a questionnaire instrument. Analysis of the collected data revealed that i...
278 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine a set of variables possibly associated with the communication roles in a large-scale research program concerned with organizational communication, and propose a method to examine these variables.
Abstract: This paper is part of a large-scale research program concerned with organizational communication. The purpose here is to examine a set of variables possibly associated with the communication roles ...
248 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between the attitudinal dimensions that characterize professionalism and several organizational outcomes in the employment of professionals, and found that professionals tend to be more attitudinal than others.
Abstract: The article investigates the relationship between the attitudinal dimensions that characterize professionalism and several organizational outcomes in the employment of professionals. The study exam...
244 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of the favorability of information about a job and the source of information upon applicant perception of source credibility and upon job offer acceptance was examined, and the results showed that the positive impact of information and source credibility on job acceptance was positively correlated.
Abstract: The impact of the favorability of information about a job and the source of information upon applicant perception of source credibility and upon job offer acceptance was examined. Results showed th...
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the similarity between individual directed and group directed leadership descriptions of subordinates was examined among 308 public utility employees, and correlations among the variables revealed that correlations revealed that the correlations among variables revealed...
Abstract: The similarity between individual directed and group directed leadership descriptions of subordinates was examined among 308 public utility employees. The correlations among the variables revealed ...
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, bank branch employees and customers from 23 branches of a large commercial bank responded to questionnaires designed to assess issues regarding employee perceptions of management's orientation to SINR.
Abstract: Bank branch employees and customers from 23 branches of a large commercial bank responded to questionnaires designed to assess issues regarding employee perceptions of management's orientation to s...
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrative and expanded contextual model for investigating employee intentions to stay or leave an organization is proposed, with four structural/process variables (upward mobility, distributive jus...
Abstract: An integrative and expanded contextual model for investigating employee intentions to stay or leave an organization is proposed. Four structural/process variables (upward mobility, distributive jus...
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between formal planning procedures and financial performance was examined for a sample of large U.S. banks, and it was found that the sample banks that engaged in comprehensive long-range planning were the ones that performed best.
Abstract: The relationship between formal planning procedures and financial performance was examined for a sample of large U.S. banks. It was found that the sample banks that engaged in comprehensive long ra...
TL;DR: In this article, the manner in which research and development projects most effectively acquire new technology is shown to vary with the nature of the project, and research projects perform best when all project member...
Abstract: The manner in which research and development projects most effectively acquire new technology is shown to vary with the nature of the project. Research projects perform best when all project member...
TL;DR: The authors examines the boundary role person (BRP) as an influence agent and investigates an aspect of his potential ability to influence the decision outcomes of other organizational members, including the ability of the BRP to influence decision making.
Abstract: This paper examines the boundary role person (BRP) as an influence agent and investigates an aspect of his potential ability to influence the decision outcomes of other organizational members. It w...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of interorganizational dependencies on compliance with government affirmative action demands was examined, and defense contractors were the subjects in the study, where they were the subject of the study.
Abstract: This study is an examination of the effect of interorganizational dependencies on compliance with government affirmative action demands. Defense contractors were the subjects in the study. The spee...
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of environmental variability on communications within and outside a large R&D laboratory was investigated, and the authors found that intra-project communication was found to be significantly worse for high performing subunits.
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of environmental variability on communications within and outside a large R&D laboratory For high performing subunits, intra-project communication was found to b
TL;DR: In this article, a situational theory is used to explain the communication behavior and attitudes of publics that arise from issues of corporate social responsibility, and results show that various publics believe corp...
Abstract: A situational theory is used to explain the communication behavior and attitudes of publics that arise from issues of corporate social responsibility. Results show that various publics believe corp...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of holding goal difficulty constant on assigned and participatively set goals were examined, and several experiments regarding employee goal acceptance and commitment were discussed, as well as the effect of goal difficulty on commitment and goal acceptance.
Abstract: This article examines the effects of holding goal difficulty constant on assigned and participatively set goals. Several experiments regarding employee goal acceptance and commitment were discussed...
TL;DR: In this paper, a paradigm for the meaning of uncertainty is operationalized in terms of the quality or content of messages presented to decision makers, and results from a psychometric scaling procedure indicate the...
Abstract: A paradigm for the meaning of uncertainty is operationalized in terms of the quality or content of messages presented to decision makers. Results from a psychometric scaling procedure indicate the ...
TL;DR: This study offers and tests an improved procedure for measuring organizational subunit effectiveness by isolating relevant criteria and determining criteria weights within a large complex organizat...
Abstract: This study offers and tests an improved procedure for measuring organizational subunit effectiveness by isolating relevant criteria and determining criteria weights within a large complex organizat...
TL;DR: This article found that locus of control is significantly related to job involvement, i.e., that internals are more involved in their jobs than the central authority, and that job involvement is positively associated with job satisfaction.
Abstract: Attitudinal data on industrial workers in six countries supported the hypothesis that locus of control is significantly related to job involvement, i.e., that internals are more involved in their j...
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of organization structure on perceptions of role conflict and ambiguity was examined within a multivariate framework and found that substantial portions of variation in role conflict was explained by structure.
Abstract: The impact of organization structure on perceptions of role conflict and ambiguity was examined within a multivariate framework and found to explain substantial portions of variation in both role p...
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TL;DR: According to the results of the study, older workers placed a greater level of importance on pride in their work as discussed by the authors, while younger workers placed less importance on their work and did not.
Abstract: The article presents a study that examines a possible relationship between age and work values. According to the results of the study, older workers place a greater level of importance on pride in ...
TL;DR: In this article, a field experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two approaches to improving the way managers handle performance appraisal interviews with their subordinates, and the results showed that both approaches were effective.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two approaches to improving the way managers handle performance appraisal interviews with their subordinates. The results showed tha...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine factors that enhance an agency's efforts to establish interorganizational linkages that are instrumental to the achievement of its goals and find that high value l...
Abstract: This study examines factors that enhance an agency's efforts to establish interorganizational linkages that are instrumental to the achievement of its goals. Among the findings is that high value l...
TL;DR: In this article, evidence on organizational hierarchy is reviewed and employed in the formulation of hypothesized relations between level in the managerial hierarchy and compensation judged appropriate for manageri... and they employ this evidence to evaluate the appropriateness of compensation for managers.
Abstract: Evidence on organizational hierarchy is reviewed and employed in the formulation of hypothesized relations between level in the managerial hierarchy and compensation judged appropriate for manageri...
TL;DR: An eight cell congruency framework for social system structure (mechanistic-organic), job design (simple-complex), and employee growth need strength (low-high) was used to predict employee satisfac...
Abstract: An eight cell congruency framework for social system structure (mechanistic-organic), job design (simple-complex), and employee growth need strength (low-high) was used to predict employee satisfac...
TL;DR: The Scanlon Plan is a systematic approach to enhancing organizational effectiveness through a formal participation program and a financial bonus that has met with varying degrees of success.
Abstract: The Scanlon Plan (SP) is a systematic approach to enhancing organizational effectiveness through a formal participation program and a financial bonus. It has met with varying degrees of success. Th...