Showing papers on "Criticism published in 1989"

Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue, and Imagery in Conversational Discourse

Abstract: Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Overview of chapters Discourse analysis 2. Involvement in discourse Involvement Sound and sense in discourse Involvement strategies Scenes and music in creating involvement 3. Repetition in conversation: toward a poetics of talk Theoretical implications of repetition Repetition in discourse Functions of repetition in conversation Repetition and variation in conversation Examples of functions of repetition The range of repetition in a segment of conversation Individual and cultural differences Other genres The automaticity of repetition The drive to imitate Conclusion 4. 'Oh talking voice that is so sweet': constructing dialogue in conversation Reported speech and dialogue Dialogue in storytelling Reported criticism in conversation Reported speech is constructed dialogue Constructed dialogue in a conversational narrative Modern Greek stories Brazilian narrative Dialogue in writers' conversation Conclusion 5. Imagining worlds: imagery and detail in conversation and other genres The role of details and images in creating involvement Details in conversation Images and details in narrative Nonnarrative or quasinarrative conversational discourse Rapport through telling details The intimacy of details Spoken literary discourse Written discourse High-involvement writing When details don't work or work for ill Conclusion 6. Involvement strategies in consort: literary non-fiction and political oratory Thinking with feeling Literary non-fiction Speaking and writing with involvement Involvement in political oratory Conclusion 7. Afterword: toward a humanistic linguistics Appendix I. Sources of examples Appendix II. Transcription conventions Notes List of references Author index Subject index.

Critical rhetoric: Theory and praxis

Abstract: This essay sets forth a theoretical rationale for a critical rhetoric and presents eight “principles”; which, taken together, orient the critic toward the act of criticism The theoretical rationale encompasses two forms of critique, styled as a critique of domination and as a critique of freedom Both have in common an analysis of the discourse of power as it serves in the first case to maintain the privilege of the elite and, in the second, to maintain social relations across a broad spectrum of human activities The principles articulate an orientation that sees critique as a transformative practice rather than as a method, recognizes the materiality of discourse, reconceptualizes rhetoric as doxastic as contrasted to epistemic, and as nominalistic as contrasted to universalistic, captures rhetoric as “influential"as contrasted to “causal,”; recognizes the importance of absence as well as presence, perceives the potential for polysemic as opposed to monosemic interpretation, and as an activity that is

Social Criticism without Philosophy: An Encounter between Feminism and Postmodernism

Abstract: Feminism and postmodernism have emerged as two of the most important political-cultural currents of the last decade.' So far, however, they have kept an uneasy distance from one another. Indeed, so great has been their mutual wariness that there have been remarkably few extended discussions of the relations between them.2 Initial reticences aside, there are good reasons for exploring the relations between feminism and postmodernism. Both have offered deep and far-reaching criticisms of the institution of philosophy. Both have elaborated critical perspectives on the relation of philosophy to the larger culture. And, most central to the concerns of this essay, both have sought to develop new paradigms of social criticism that do not rely on traditional philosophical underpinnings. Other differences notwithstanding, one could say that, during the last decade, feminists and postmodernists have worked independently on a common nexus of problems: they have tried to rethink the relation between philosophy and social criticism so as to develop paradigms of "criticism without philosophy." On the other hand, the two tendencies have proceeded, so to speak, from opposite directions. Postmodernists have focused primarily on the philosophy side of the problem. They have begun by elaborating antifoundational metaphilosophical perspectives and from there have gone on to draw conclusions about the shape and character of social criticism. For feminists, on the other hand, the question of philosophy has always been subordinate to an interest in

The American evasion of philosophy : a genealogy of pragmatism

Abstract: Part 1 The Emersonian prehistory of American pragmatism: Emerson on power (and tradition) Emerson on provocation (and the market) Emerson on personality (and race) Emerson as organic intellectual. Part 2 The historic emergence of American pragmatism: Peirce on scientific method, community and Christian love James on individuality, reconciliation and heroic energies. Part 3 The coming-of-age of American pragmatism - John Dewey: Dewey on historical consciousness, critical intelligence nad creative democracy. Part 4 The dilemna of the mid-century pragmatic intellectual: the Deweyan political intellectual, Sidney Hook the Neo-Deweyan radical social critic, C.Wright Mills the Jamesian organic intellectual, W.E.B. Du Bois the Jamesian cultural critic, Reinhold Niebuhr the pragmatist as Arnoldian literary critic, Lionel Trilling. Part 5 The decline and resurgence of American pragmatism - W.V. Quine and Richard Rorty. Part 6 Prophetic pragmatism - cultural criticism and political engagement: Roberto Unger and third-wave left romanticism the challenge of Michel Foucault tragedy, tradition and political praxis prophetic pragmatism and postmodernity.

Contingencies of value : alternative perspectives for critical theory

Abstract: 1. Fixed Marks and Variable Constancies: A Parable of Value Evaluating Shakespeare's Sonnets Critical Problematics 2. The Exile of Evaluation Fact and Value in the Literary Academy The Politics of Evaluative Criticism An Alternative Project 3. Contingencies of Value Contingency and Interdependence Matters of Taste Processes of Evaluation The Dynamics of Endurance 4. Axiologic Logic Hume's Natural Standard Kant's Pure Judgments Logical Tastes and The Other's Poison Three Postaxiological Postscripts 5. Truth/Value Judgment Typology and Maclntyre's Fall Value without Truth-Value Changing Places: Truth, Error, and Deconstruction 6. The Critiques of Utility Humanism, Anti-Utilitarianism, and the Double Discourse of Value Bataille's Expenditure Endless (Ex)Change 7. Matters of Consequence Critiques and Charges: The Objectivist Generation of "Relativism" Quietism and the Active Relativist Community, Solidarity, and the Pragmatist's Dilemma Politics and Justification Conceptual Tastes and Practical Consequences Notes Index

A combinatorial theory of possibility

Abstract: David Armstrong's book is a contribution to the philosophical discussion about possible worlds. Taking Wittgenstein's Tractatus as his point of departure, Professor Armstrong argues that nonactual possibilities and possible worlds are recombinations of actually existing elements, and as such are useful fictions. There is an extended criticism of the alternative-possible-worlds approach championed by the American philosopher David Lewis. This major work will be read with interest by a wide range of philosophers.

The Dictionary of Feminist Theory

Abstract: The Dictionary. Additional Theorists in the Revised Edition Include: Anzaldua, Butler, Castellanos, Chow, Cixous, de Lauretis, Fetterley, Fox Keller, Friedan, Gilbert and Gubar, Haraway, Harding, Irigary, Jacobus, Jardine, Kaplan, Kristeva, Lakoff, Le Doeuff, Minh-ha, Modleski, Mohanty, Morris, Mulvey, Olsen, Ruddick, Sedgwick, Spillers, Spivak, Stimpson, Walker, and Zimmerman. Additional Entries in the Revised Edition Include: Autobiography, Backlash, Black Criticism, Censorship, Citizenship, Critical Theory, Cultural Theory, Deconstruction, Discourse Analysis, Ecofeminism, Empowerment, Essentialism, First Wave, Gender Studies, Gynesis, Logocentrism, Materialist Feminist Criticism, Modernism, Networking, Pedagogy, Post-colonialism, Post-feminism, Postmodernism, Post-structuralism, Preservative Love, Queer Theory, Reader Response Criticism, Reproductive Technology, Second Sex, Second Wave, Semiotic, Sexual Harassment, Women of Colour, Writing, the Body.

Making Meaning: Inference and Rhetoric in the Interpretation of Cinema

Abstract: David Bordwell's new book is at once a history of film criticism, an analysis of how critics interpret film, and a proposal for an alternative program for film studies. It is an anatomy of film criticism meant to reset the agenda for film scholarship. As such "Making Meaning" should be a landmark book, a focus for debate from which future film study will evolve. Bordwell systematically maps different strategies for interpreting films and making meaning, illustrating his points with a vast array of examples from Western film criticism. Following an introductory chapter that sets out the terms and scope of the argument, Bordwell goes on to show how critical institutions constrain and contain the very practices they promote, and how the interpretation of texts has become a central preoccupation of the humanities. He gives lucid accounts of the development of film criticism in France, Britain, and the United States since World War II; analyzes this development through two important types of criticism, thematic-explicatory and symptomatic; and shows that both types, usually seen as antithetical, in fact have much in common. These diverse and even warring schools of criticism share conventional, rhetorical, and problem-solving techniques--a point that has broad-ranging implications for the way critics practice their art. The book concludes with a survey of the alternatives to criticism based on interpretation and, finally, with the proposal that a historical poetics of cinema offers the most fruitful framework for film analysis.

International/Intertextual Relations: Postmodern Readings of World Politics

Abstract: Drawing on the philosophies and intellectual approaches of numerous contemporary social critics (Nietzche, Foucault, Barthes, among others), this collection sheds light on the relationship between international theory and political power. Using such disciplines as geneaology, deconstruction, semiotics, feminist psychoanalytical theory, and intertextualism, these readings address such diverse topics as: sovereignty, terrorism, the psychology of war, nuclear criticism, strategic culture. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions

Abstract: Theory has drawn to the study of literature many distinct fields; but it has also now widened its brief substantially to include many hitherto non-literary issues. To interpret the "sign" now involves "framing" it - setting it up, rigging it, actively setting it off against its surrounds; in this book the author sets out to frame the frames of contemporary criticism. Beginning with a substantial historical overview of the relationship between criticism and the academy, he moves on to explore what has come to characterize contemporary theory - its preoccupation with ideology, the "call to history" - with a polemical examination of Michel Foucault and Terry Eagleton. Out of this emerges the author's own idea of what forms political criticism might take, and, with a new look at William Empson, he takes to task the unchallenged immunity that pseudo-Christian ideology enjoys in our views of literature. The book also includes a major reassessment of the impact made by one of the last twenty years' most important critical voices, that of Paul de Man. In lighter vein, it gives us a semiological look at the worlds of junk and tourism, as well as legal rhetoric. The book also gives considered attention to the problems of language and context in Habermas' influential attempt to infer norms from communicative practice.

Learning via Model Construction and Criticism

Abstract: There is growing recognition that mental models play a fundamental role in the comprehension of science concepts. The process of learning via model construction appears to be central to theory formation in science and central for science instruction but is still very poorly understood. This chapter uses evidence from case studies, in which a scientist is asked to think out loud, to argue that nonformal reasoning processes that are neither deductive nor inductive can play an important role in scientific model construction. The construction process is complex and involves repeated passes through a cycle of hypothesis generation, evaluation, and modification.

Design discourse : history, theory, criticism

Abstract: Although design infuses every object in the material world and gives form to immaterial processes as well, it is only recently that design itself has become the focus of intellectual debate. In Design Discourse, Victor Margolin gathers together a body of new writing in the emerging field of design studies. The contributors argue in different ways for a rethinking of design in light of its cultural significance and its powerful position in today's society.

Dialogue Theory for Critical Thinking

Abstract: A general outline of a theory of reasoned dialogue is presented as an underlying basis of critical analysis of a text of argument discourse. This theory is applied to the analysis of informal fallacies by showing how textual evidence can be brought to bear in argument reconstruction. Several basic types of dialogue are identified and described, but the persuasive type of dialogue is emphasized as being of key importance to critical thinking theory.

The Regular Education Initiative and Opinions of Regular Classroom Teachers

Abstract: The Regular Education Initiative (REI) has been gaining momentum. However, the movement has not escaped criticism. One of the criticisms is that regular classroom teachers' views regarding many of the beliefs or assumptions of the REI are unknown. The present study was undertaken to provide this type of data. Ninety-four regular classroom teachers in northwest Iowa were asked to agree or disagree with a series of statements on the REI position. The results showed general disagreement with the statements, suggesting that the respondents do not share similar concerns or beliefs regarding the current delivery of special education services. Implications of the results with respect to implementation of the REI are discussed.

Modern Literary Theory : A Reader

Abstract: This book provides a collection of source material to the major developments in literary theory since the late sixties. The first part charts the establishment of a new critical practice, and the second part covers "post structuralist " studies.

The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900

Abstract: With the eight additional periodicals indexed in this fourth and last research volume, the bibliographical and biographical research of the editors and collaborators of the Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals will have identified altogether nearly 12,000 authors as the anonymous or pseudonymous contributors to forty- three major British monthlies and quarterlies. Volume IV's selection serves the series' overall goal of fairly representing the diversity in purpose and content as well as the literary excellence of British periodical journalism between 1824 and 1900; it also offers in this single volume much of the wide range of religious, political, social, literary, and commercial motivations underlying the efflorescence of publications of high quality in that society. In this volume, at opposite ends of the political spectrum are the initially radical and Benthamite Tail's Edinburgh Magazine and the Anglo-lrish, vehemently Tory Dublin University Magazine. The short-lived Dark Blue, with its constellation of distinguished authors, was, like the Dublin University Magazine, the result of ambitious collegiate entrepreneurship, but, emerging in 1871, was almost exclusively devoted to literature and aesthetic criticism. Also included in this volume are two more important quarterlies, the Congregationalist British Quarterly Review and the Methodist London Quarterly Review. Although of sectarian foundation, each aspired successfully to address, from the perspective of its own religious convictions, a general readership with a wide variety of interests and curiosities. Finally, in the category of the frankly popular, family-oriented monthly featuring fiction and general-interest articles, magazines whose purpose was quite as much to entertain as to inform, there are Bentley's Miscellany, first edited by Dickens, and, towards the end of our period, Longman 's Magazine. Volume IV conforms to the format of the first three volumes. In Part A an introductory essay on the publication history of each periodical is followed by each issue's Table of Contents, including the authorial signature, the Index attribution, and the evidence for that attribution. Part B provides bibliographies of the identified contributors together with identifying biographical data and the source of that data. Part C is an alphabetical bibliographical table of identified and unidentified pseudonyms and initials. An extensive appendix of corrections and additions updates the contents of Volumes I, II, and III.

Explanation in archaeology

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The Philosophical Foundations: Logical Positivism and Logical Empiricism The Logical Positivist/Empiricist Research Program Other Definitions of Positivism Implications of Logical Empiricism for Social Research 3. Problems with Logical Positivism/Empiricism Internal Criticism External Criticism Postpositivist Philosophy of Science 4. The New Archaeology The Early Phase The Late Phase Practicing Archaeology on Logical Empiricist Assumptions 5. Problems with New Archaeology Internal Criticism External Criticism The Legacy of New Archaeology 6. Why did New Archaeologists Adopt Logical Empiricism? The Strong Program in the Sociology of Knowledge Positivism and American Social Science Logical Empiricism and New Archaeology 7. Realist Archaeology The Realist Theory of Science The New Heuristic in the Social Sciences Practicing Archaeology on Realist Assumptions 8. Archaeology, Philosophy of Science, and the Anthropology of Knowledge Can the Philosophy of Science Help Archaeology? Archaeology and the Anthropology of Knowledge.

Violence and the systemic view: the problem of power.

Abstract: Violence is a strikingly lineal concept that is difficult to address from a systemic perspective. Bateson's epistemological disqualification of the concept of power is often understood to imply a corresponding systemic disqualification of the concept of violence. This position is examined in light of recent feminist criticism. It is argued that (a) violence and power belong essentially to the domain of human experience and (b) human experience cannot be invalidated by theory. Accordingly, it is suggested that the (appropriate) invalidation of power and violence in the domain of systemic explanation should probably be understood both as a deliberate choice that necessarily follows from adopting a systemic perspective, and as a fundamental limitation of that perspective. In neither case, however, should the systemic view be considered to be a valid disqualification of the human experience of violence and power.

The Oppositional Imagination: Feminism, Critique, and Political Theory

Abstract: Acknowledgments. Introduction: Things in Twos are Sometimes, but not Always, Dichotomies. Part 1: On Theory 1. Consciousness and Culture 2. Dominative Power 3. Criticism and Resistance 4. Theory's Practical Relation to the World 5. Theory's Contemplative Relation to the World Part 2: On Masculine/Feminine 6. Point and Counterpoint 7. Impositions and Evasions 8. Power, desire and the Meaning of the Body 9. A Regime Without a Master 10. Loyalists, Eccentrics, Critics, Traitors and Rebels. Conclusion: On Practice. Notes. Index.

Shakespeare reproduced : the text in history and ideology

Abstract: Offering a political critique of Shakespeare's writings and the uses they are put to, these essays suggest that the activity of criticism is itself a site for political intervention.

Speaking of gender

Abstract: This collection introduces readers to the new work in gender theory and literary criticism that has moved beyond simply studies of women and literature. This book should be of interest to students and teachers of feminist criticism, women's studies and comparative literature.

The Sins of the Fathers: Hawthorne's Psychological Themes

Abstract: Surveying Hawthorne's entire career, from his earliest surviving stories through the romances left unfinished at his death, Frederick Crews defines the terms of Hawthorne's self-debate as revealed in his fiction. Hawthorne emerges from this study as a writer of acute psychological awareness. In an Afterword written for this edition, Crews interrogates his own argument with characteristic unsparingness. He candidly reassesses the theoretical commitments behind his book, reflects on the path taken by Hawthorne criticism since 1966, and answers the question that many readers have asked of this ex-Freudian: "How much, today, remains valid in "The Sins of the Fathers"?" This essay is itself a significant contribution to the current debate over the role of 'theory' in literary studies.

Discourse and the Individual: The Case of Colonialism in The Tempest

Abstract: FOR MANY YEARS IDEALIST READINGS OF THE TEMPEST presented Prospero as an exemplar of timeless human values. They emphasized the way in which his hard-earned "magical" powers enable him to re-educate the shipwrecked Italians, to heal their civil war-and, even more important, to triumph over his own vengefulness by forgiving his enemies; they emphasized the way he achieves, if not a wholly "brave," at least a harmoniously reconciled new world. Within the last few years, however, numbers of critics have offered remarkably similar critiques of this reading. There is an essay on The Tempest in each of three recent anthologies of alternative, political, and reproduced Shakespeare criticism, and another in the volume on estranging Renaissance criticism; The Tempest was a focus for the 1988 SAA session on "Shakespeare and Colonialism" and was one of the masthead plays in the Folger Institute's 1988 seminar on new directions in Shakespeare studies. Together,

Albert Bandura, the man and his ideas--a dialogue

Abstract: Foreword by Ernest R. Hilgard Preface: Perspective on the Dialogue Style and Content Personal Background and Early Contributions Aggression and Violence Moral Development and Moral Disengagement Self-Efficacy Reactions to Criticism, A Recent Book Bibliography: Works of Albert Bandura Index

Hypertext in literary education, criticism, and scholarship

Abstract: After describing the English course and the particular hypertext system that supports it at Brown University, the essay surveys the materials on Context32, that part of the system devoted to literature courses, and narrates how a student uses the system during a typical session in our electronic laboratory/classroom. Next, it presents evidence of the effects of such information technology on student performance, after which it examines the relation of hypertext to contemporary literary theory, in particular to the ideas of decentering, intertextuality, and anti-hierarchical texts. Finally, it explains the continuing developments of Intermedia.

Personality and crime: Knowledge destruction and construction in criminology

Abstract: Antipersonality themes in mainstream criminology have been fueled for years by highly suspect moral, professional, and ideological concerns and by something less than a rational empirical approach. The research evidence regarding the importance of personality has been positive form the beginning but has been the focus of a highly rhetorical and pseudoscientific form of criticism. These efforts as knowledge destruction are reviewed and are found to be ideologically and professionally convenient but weakly grounded logically and empirically. The papaer concludes that a social theory of criminal conduct need not resist recognition of the importance of human diversity.