Showing papers on "Criticism published in 1993"

Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics

Abstract: Preface Acknowledgments Introduction: How Cognitive Science Changes Ethics 1: Reason as Force: The Moral Law Folk Theory 2: Metaphoric Morality 3: The Metaphoric Basis of Moral Theory 4: Beyond Rules 5: The Impoverishment of Reason: Our Enlightenment Legacy 6: What's Wrong with the Objectivist Self 7: The Narrative Context of Self and Action 8: Moral Imagination 9: Living without Absolutes: Objectivity and the Conditions for Criticism 10: Preserving Our Best Enlightenment Moral Ideals Notes Index

The discourse of American civil society: A new proposal for cultural studies

Abstract: In this essay we make a new proposal for the sociological approach to culture. We begin with a brief critical history of the social scientific treatment of culture and a criticism of some recent alternatives. In the section following this we develop our own model, and, in the third part of the essay, apply this in a construction of what we call the discourse of American civil society. In the fourth and longest section of our paper, we demonstrate the plausibility of this substantive model by using it to investigate a disparate range of events in American social and political history.

A Borderless World? From Colonialism to Transnationalism and the Decline of the Nation-State

Abstract: Discourse and practice are interdependent. Practice follows discourse, while discourse is generated by practice. As for the discourse on colonialism, there is a long lineage of engagements with the history of colonialism. One recalls papers by practitioners such as John Locke, Edmund Burke, James Mill, and Thomas Macaulay early on, and critiques of the practice by Hobson, Lenin, Luxemburg, and Schumpeter among many others since the height of imperialism. Numerous metropolitan fiction writers are obsessed by the presence of remote colonies from Melville and Flaubert to Conrad and Gide. Actually, hardly any Western writer from Jane Austen to Thomas Mann, from Balzac to D. H. Lawrence could manage to escape from the spell of modern expansionism. The modern West depends on its colonies for self-definition, as Edward Said's newest book, Culture and Imperialism, argues.' In the area of literary theory and criticism, however, the discourse on colonialism has a surprisingly brief history. One needs to remember that writers of the Negritude Movement and other Third World writers such

Communitarianism and its critics

Abstract: Many have criticized liberalism for being too individualist, but few have offered an alternative that goes beyond a vague affirmation of the need for community. In this entertaining book, written in dialogue form, Daniel Bell fills this gap, presenting and defending a distinctively communitarian theory against the objections of a liberal critic. In a Paris cafe Anne, a strong supporter of communitarian ideals, and Philip, her querulous critic, debate the issues. Drawing on the works of such thinkers as Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, and Alasdair MacIntyre, Anne attacks liberalism's individualistic view of the person by pointing to our social embeddedness. She develops Michael Walzer's idea that political thinking involves the interpretation of shared meanings emerging from the political life of a community, and rebuts Philip's criticism that this approach damages her case by being conservative and relativistic. She goes on to develop a justification of communal life and to answer the criticism that communitarians lack an alternative moral vision. The book ends with two later discussions, by Will Kymlicka and Daniel Bell, in which Anne and another friend, Louise, criticize the book's earlier debate and put it in perspective.

Analogical Reasoning and Knowledge Generation in Organization Theory

Abstract: This paper reviews and evaluates the cognitive status to which metaphors and analogies have been ascribed in the process of knowledge generation in organiza tion theory. Three perspectives are identified: metaphors as ways of thinking, metaphors as dispensable literary devices, and metaphors as potential ideological distortions. The main tenets of each one of them are reviewed and subsequently submitted to criticism. It is argued here that, despite their differing claims, the preceding perspectives converge on the assumption that there is a gap between metaphorical and scientific languages. The grounds for the existence of this gap are challenged in this paper, noting that the structure-mapping theory of analogy provides a methodology for developing metaphorical insights to yield scientific models and theories.

Keeping Faith: Philosophy and Race in America

Abstract: Preface: The Difficulty of Keeping Faith. Cultural Criticism and Race 1. The New Cultural Politics of Difference 2. Black Critics and the Pitfalls of Canon Formation 3. A Note on Race and Architecture 4. Horace Pippin's Challenge to Art Criticism 5. The Dilemma of the Black Intellectual. Philosophy and Political Engagement 6. Theory, Pragmatisms and Politics 7. Pragmatism and the Sense of the Tragic 8. The Historicist Turn in Philosophy of Religion 9. The Limits of Neopragmatism 10. On Georg Lukacs 11. Fredric Jameson's American Marxism. Law and Culture 12. Reassessing the Critical Legal Studies Movement 13. Critical Legal Studies and a Liberal Critic 14. Charles Taylor and the Critical Legal Studies Movement 15. The Role of Law in Progressive Politics. Explaining Race 16. Race and Social Theory 17. The Paradox of the African American Rebellion Notes Index

The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader

Abstract: This anthology is a significant contribution to the debate over the relevance of Martin Heidegger's Nazi ties to the interpretation and evaluation of his philosophical work. Included are a selection of basic documents by Heidegger, essays and letters by Heidegger's colleagues that offer contemporary context and testimony, and interpretive evaluations by Heidegger's heirs and critics in France and Germany.In his new introduction, "Note on a Missing Text," Richard Wolin uses the absence from this edition of an interview with Jacques Derrida as a springboard for examining questions about the nature of authorship and personal responsibility that are at the heart of the book.Richard Wolin is Professor of Modern European Intellectual History and Humanities at Rice University. He is the author of Walter Benjamin, The Politics of Being: The Political Thought of Martin Heidegger, and The Terms of Cultural Criticism: The Frankfurt School, Existentialism and Poststructuralism.

Rhetoric in Popular Culture

Abstract: Preface Part I. THEORY 1. Rhetoric and Popular Culture The Rhetoric of Everyday Life The Building Blocks of Culture: Signs 2. Rhetoric and the Rhetorical Tradition The Rhetorical Tradition: Ancient Greece 3. Rhetorical Methods in Critical Studies Texts Influence through Meanings 4. Varieties of Rhetorical Criticism, part one An Introduction to Critical Perspectives Culture-centered Criticism Marxist Criticism Visual Rhetorical Criticism Psychoanalytic Criticism 5. Varieties of Rhetorical Criticism, part two Feminist Criticism Dramatistic/Narrative Criticism Media-centered Criticism Summary and Review Looking Ahead Part II. APPLICATION 6. Paradoxes of Personalization: Race Relations in Milwaukee The Problem of Personalization The Scene and Focal Events 7. On Gangsta, Written with the Help of the Reader False Claim #1: African American Culture Is Violent False Claim #2: African American Culture Is Sexual False Claim #3: African American Culture Is Crassly Materialistic Conclusion 8. Simulational Selves, Simulational Culture in Groundhog Day 9. Media and Representation in Rec.Motorcycles 10. Two Homological Critiques One: Opening my iPod nano: A homological study of media and discourse Two: Queering the Gecko: Race, Sexual Orientation, and Marginality in GEICO's Cavemen Suggested Readings Index

On the road again: Metaphors of travel in cultural criticism

Abstract: Theory is a product of displacement, comparison, a certain distance. To theorize, one leaves home (Clifford, 1989: 177). A model of political culture appropriate to our own situation will necessarily have to raise spatial issues as its fundamental organizing concern. I will therefore provisionally define the aesthetic of such new (and hypothetical) cultural form as an aesthetic of cognitive mapping (Jameson, 1984: 89). While it is important to recognize the specific power of intellectual practices, they cannot be separated from our existence as nomadic subjects in everyday life… Cultural critics are co-travelers. (Grossberg, 1988: 388–9)

Literature for Children

Abstract: Children's literature has recently produced a body of criticism with a highly distinctive voice. The book consolidates understanding of this area by including some of the most important essays published in the field in the last five years, demonstrating the links between literary criticism, education, psychology, history and scientific theory. It includes Peter Hollindale's award- winning essay on Ideology and Children's Literature, topics from metafiction and post-modernism to fractal geometry, and the examination of texts ranging from picture books to The Wizard of Oz and the the Australian classic Midnite . Sources are as disparate as Signal and the Children's Literature Association Quarterly , and the international community is represented by writers from Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia and Germany. Each essay is set in its critical context by extensive quotation from authoritative articles.

Theory and Concepts in Qualitative Research : Perspectives from the Field

Abstract: These essays focus on the roles and uses of theory in qualitative educational and social research. There are three sections: defining the issues; theory at work; and theory in perspective. A variety of approaches is incorporated, including ethnographic, postmodern, and educational criticism.

Arnold: 'Culture and Anarchy' and Other Writings

Abstract: Matthew Arnold's Culture and Anarchy (1869) is one of the most celebrated works of social criticism ever written. It has become an inescapable reference-point for all subsequent discussion of the relations between politics and culture, and it has exercised a profound influence both on conceptions of the distinctive nature of British society, and on ideas about education and the teaching of literature more generally. This edition establishes the authoritative text of this much-revised work, and places it alongside Arnold's three most important essays on political subjects - Democracy, Equality, and The Function of Criticism at the Present Time. The editor's substantial introduction situates these works in the context both of Arnold's life and other writings, and of nineteenth-century intellectual and political history. This edition also contains a chronology of Arnold's life, a bibliographical guide and full notes on the names, books, and historical events mentioned in the texts.

Neorealism, Neoliberal Institutionalism, and the Future of NATO

Abstract: An earlier version of this article was presented at the Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, Atlanta, 31 March–4 April 1992. For their helpful comments and criticism the authors thank in particular Jospeh Grieco, Isabelle Grunberg, Helga Haftendorn, Ingo Heinrich, Otto Keck, Robert Keohane, Peter Mayer, Harald Muller, Ingo Peters, Glenn Snyder, Christian Tuschhoff, Stephen Van Evera, Celeste Wallander, Kenneth Waltz, Richard Weitz, and Michael Zurn. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Volkswagenstiftung.

Utilitarianism : on liberty ; Considerations on representative government ; Remarks on Bentham's philosophy

Abstract: Part of the "Everyman" series which has been re-set with wide margins for notes and easy-to-read type. Each title includes a themed introduction by leading authorities on the subject, life-and-times chronology of the author, text summaries, annotated reading lists and selected criticism and notes.

Encyclopedia of contemporary literary theory : approaches, scholars, terms.

Abstract: The last half of the twentieth century has seen the emergence of literary theory as a new discipline. As with any body of scholarship, various schools of thought exist, and sometimes conflict, within it. I.R. Makaryk has compiled a welcome guide to the field. Accessible and jargon-free, the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory provides lucid, concise explanations of myriad approaches to literature that have arisen over the past forty years.Some 170 scholars from around the world have contributed their expertise to this volume. Their work is organized into three parts. In Part I, forty evaluative essays examine the historical and cultural context out of which new schools of and approaches to literature arose. The essays also discuss the uses and limitations of the various schools, and the key issues they address.Part II focuses on individual theorists. It provides a more detailed picture of the network of scholars not always easily pigeonholed into the categories of Part I. This second section analyses the individual achievements, as well as the influence, of specific scholars, and places them in a larger critical context.Part III deals with the vocabulary of literary theory. It identifies significant, complex terms, places them in context, and explains their origins and use.Accessibility is a key feature of the work. By avoiding jargon, providing mini-bibliographies, and cross-referencing throughout, Makaryk has provided an indispensable tool for literary theorists and historians and for all scholars and students of contemporary criticism and culture.

What is social-scientific criticism?

Abstract: This book gives a clearly written, authoritative introduction to social-scientific criticism of the New Testament, including the rise of this method, its practitioners and the focal points of their work, how the method is applied to the interpretation of the biblical text, and the presuppositions and procedures of the method. Four appendices; glossary; two bibliographies.

The truth about postmodernism

Abstract: The "End of Ideology" revisited - old themes for new times "What is Enlightenment?" - Foucault on Kant for truth in criticism - William Empson and the claims of theory Kant disfigured - ethics, deconstruction and the textual sublime getting at truth - genealogy, critique and postmodern scepticism.

Between craft and science: plant breeding, Mendelian genetics, and British universities, 1900-1920

Abstract: The relationship between science and technology is one of the most controversial problems confronting historians and philosophers interested in technology and its history. As John Staudenmaier has pointed out, they have argued ceaselessly over competing interpretations of the relationship.' Some of them-notably, the philosopher Mario Bunge-have maintained that successful technological practice depends on the systematic application of scientific knowledge.2 Others take the opposite position. They have expanded Donald Cardwell's thesis to argue that the growth of science owes a great deal to technological practice because it has often disclosed new areas for scientific inquiry and because technological artifacts have provided equally often the techniques necessary for exploring these new areas.' In more recent years an increasing number of historians, dissatisfied with these first two positions, have taken up Edwin Layton's more radical one that science and technology are separate and distinct bodies of knowledge and practices.4 They argue that, even though scientific and technological discourses have focused on a common object-the natural world-the aims of each are so different that accounts of the same object will be radically different. These historians of technology claim therefore that neither science nor technology DR PALLADINO is a research fellow of the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine at the University of Manchester. He wishes to thank the Economic and Social Research Council (grant WB 07250007) and the Wellcome Trust for supporting the research for this article. Thanks also to Deborah Fitzgerald, Jonathan Harwood, Barbara Kimmelman, and Robert Olby for their helpful criticism of earlier drafts. 'John M. Staudenmaier, Technology's Storytellers: Reweaving the Human Fabric (Cam

The Birth-mark: unsettling the wilderness in American literary history

Abstract: Susan Howe approaches early American literature as pet and critic, blending scholarship with passionate commitment and unique view of her subject. The Birth-mark traces the collusive relationships among tradition, the constitution of critical editions, literary history and criticism, the institutionalized roles of poetry and prose, and the status of gender. Through an examination of the texts and editorial histories of Thomas Shepard s conversion narratives, the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson, and the poetry of Emily Dickinson, Howe reads our intellectual inheritance as a series of civil wars, where each text is a wilderness in which a strange and lawless author confronts interpreters and editors eager for settlement. In a concluding interview, Howe comments on her approach and recounts some the crucial biographical events that sparked her interest in early American literature."

On Telling Stories in School: A Reply to Farber and Sherry

Abstract: Replies to several criticisms of critical race theory, especially those directed at the use of narrative and legal storytelling. Counsels that narrative jurisprudence is only one of critical race theory's tools and that criticism of it should not be imputed to the entire field. Acknowledges the diversity of outsider voices and narrative approaches. Concludes that mainstream academics should proceed cautiously in criticizing new and unfamiliar forms of discourse.

The colonial rise of the novel

Abstract: In this challening book, Firdous Azim, provides a feminist critique of orthodox accounts of the `rise of the novel' and exposes the underlying orientalist assumptions of the early English novel. Whereas previous studies have emphasized the universality of the coherent and consistent subject which found expression in the novels of the eighteenth century, Azim demonstrtes how certain categories: women and people of colour, were silenced and excluded. The Colonial Rise of the Novel makes an important and provocative contribution to post-colonial and feminist criticism. It will be essential reading for all teachers and students of English literature, women's studies, and post-colonial criticism.

Density dependence of replacement series experiments

Abstract: It has become commonplace in papers on plant competition to find statements such as "the outcome of replacement series depends on density" (e.g. Inouye and Schaffer 1981, Firbank and Watkinson 1990, Silander and Pacala 1990, Silvertown and Dale 1991). The implications of this are that we may well draw the wrong conclusions from such an experiment if we examine only a single total density, and that conclusions from replacement series (RS) should be doubted (Silvertown 1987). The accepted procedure now seems to be that RS should be repeated at a number of total densities and the results analysed by fitting response surfaces (despite the numerous pitfalls see Cousens 1991). Criticisms of RS have become common and seem to be becoming increasingly dogmatic. We now seem to have to apologise for using RS, or go to great lengths to justify our choice of this design (e.g. Akey et al. 1991, Cousens et al. 1991). Are there papers which have been rejected simply because they used RS? It seems to have gone largely unnoticed that some of those who have criticised the use of RS, or whose data have been used to criticise the design, recognise that it can be useful for some objectives (Taylor and Aarssen 1989, Firbank and Watkinson 1990). Indeed, Taylor and Aarssen (1989) state that "Although (RS) designs have come under considerable criticism ... they may only be subject to the same logistic difficulties that face other approaches with the same objectives." Firbank and Watkinson (1990) state that the RS is "... extremely valuable for comparing the outcome of competition between two plant species under different conditions." If this is the case, it is a great shame if those unfamiliar with the data are put off using the RS design simply because of recent adverse publicity by respected commentators. Before rejecting the replacement series design outright because of its supposed density dependence, we should ask, on the basis of current knowledge of competition, (a) what would we expect to happen in a replacement series as we change density, (b) whether existing data support our predictions, and (c) whether the evidence is sufficient to reject the RS design on these grounds. Predictions from response surfaces

On Ideas: Aristotle's Criticism of Plato's Theory of Forms

Abstract: Text and translation evidence, provenance and chronology Platonic questions the arguments from the sciences - forms and knowledge forms and artefacts Plato and the arguments from the sciences the one over many argument - forms and prediction the object of thought argument: forms and thought the argument from relatives completeness and compresence - Owen and the argument from relatives "Kath' hauto" and "pros ti" Aristotle's objections to the argument from relatives the accurate one over many argument third man arguments is Plato vulnerable to the third man argument?

Uncle Tom's cabin . and Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave

Abstract: Part of the "Everyman" series which has been re-set with wide margins for notes and easy-to-read type. Each title includes a themed introduction by leading authorities on the subject, life-and-times chronology of the author, text summaries, annotated reading lists and selected criticism and notes.

What's Wrong With Performance Appraisals? A Critique and A Suggestion

Abstract: Keith Grint, who is a Fellow in Organizational Behaviour at Templeton College, Oxford, offers a critical evaluation of performance appraisal systems. He argues that the traditional criticism of appraisals – their subjectivity – leads to a fruitless search for ever more objective appraisal criteria that are illusory. the consequence need not be that appraisals should be abandoned but they should be treated much more sceptically and reflexively. In particular, he suggests, there are strong arguments for supplementing traditional downward appraisals of subordinates with upward appraisals of superordinates.

Invalid Women: Figuring Feminine Illness in American Fiction and Culture, 1840-1940

Abstract: A fine example of politically engaged literary criticism.-- Belles Lettres "Price Herndl's compelling individual readings of works by major writers (Harriet Beecher Stowe, Hawthorne, Wharton, James, Fitzgerald) and minor ones complement her examination of germ theory, psychic and somatic cures, medicine's place in the rise of capitalism, and the cultural forms in which men and women used the trope of female illness."-- Choice "A rich and provocative study of female illnesses and their textual representations...A major contribution to the feminist agenda of literature and medicine."--Medical Humanities Review "[An] important book."-- Nineteenth-Century Literature "[This] sophisticated new study ...brings the best current strategies of a thoroughly historicized feminist literary criticism to bear on textual representations of female invalidism."-- Feminist Studies "An outstanding study of the representation of female invalidism in American culture and literature. There emerges from this work a striking sense of the changing meanings of female invalidism even as the conjunction of these terms has remained a constant in American cultural history...Moreover, Invalid Women provides fascinating readings of female illness in a variety of texts. "--Gillian Brown, University of Utah "A provocative study based on imaginative historical research and very fine close readings. The book provides a useful American complement to Helena Michie's The Flesh Made Word and Margaret Homans's Bearing the World . It should prove enlightening and otherwise useful not just to scholars of American literature, but also to those engaged in American studies, feminist criticism and theory, women's studies, the sociology of medicine and illness, and the history of science and medicine."--Cynthia S. Jordan, Indiana University