Showing papers on "Delegation published in 1982"

Law, Development, and the Ethiopian Revolution

Abstract: This thesis explores a series of middle-range hypotheses concerning the interrelation of law and development. These hypotheses are made concrete enough to serve as policy prescriptions by applying them to the problems of Ethiopia, a country which displays most of the development constraints that have been identified in other Third World countries. Development is best understood as a dynamic process, as the broadening of subsistence and small-scale economic, political, legal and social 'markets' that effects a cumulative growth in a wide variety of resources. In Ethiopia, given her highly stratified and fragmented societies, this entails a socio-economic equalisation and integration, a wholesale structural transformation rather than the narrow policies of an economic growth advocated by many development theorists. The magnitude of this transformation, the manifest need for extensive and intensive development planning and the socialist predilections of Ethiopia's revolutionary military rulers (the Derg) suggest that massive state intervention in the economy is both inevitable and the only feasible path to an Ethiopian development which is, nevertheless, fraught with many hazards. It is therefore impossible to segregate economic activity from what is, in Ethiopia, an undifferentiated mass of law, politics and administration. The largest single bottleneck to Ethiopian development is the virtual absence of any political development registered under Haile Selassie or the Derg. The role of law in eliminating an Ethiopian "soft state" (Myrdal's term), which is far from soft on the poor and powerless, is surveyed and law's role in the aggregation, allocation and delegation of a variety of resources, in the formulation and implementation of interrelated policies, and in the amelioration of species of injustice is analysed in detail.

Group Concentration and the Delegation of Legislative Authority

Abstract: This paper takes an initial stab at the delegation question. What incentives lead legislators to delegate not only the administration but even the formulation of public policy to unelected officials? A variety of considerations are relevant, but my focus will be on political (rather than managerial) incentives to delegate. The next section of the paper develops a simple framework in which the later discussion can be conducted.

Gresham's law: the regulatory analogy

Abstract: The authors argue that delegation of discretion over environmental regulation to the states may trigger a process analogous to Gresham's Law in which lax regulation in one state drives out stringent regulation in neighboring states. This devolution to regulatory laxity is illustrated by the lax pesticide regulations in five Midwestern “agricultural” states. Questions are raised about the effects of the Reagan Administration's commitment to reduce the stringency of federal environmental regulations and delegate more regulatory discretion to the states.

The effective health care supervisor

Abstract: The Seventh Edition of this best-selling text continues to offer proven, hands-on, practical applications of both classic and current management principles in the healthcare setting. Packed with strategies, techniques, and tools to build or reinforce your management skills and meet the never-ending challenges that one may face daily as a healthcare supervisor, students and professionals alike will benefit from this classic guidebook that is now more reader-friendly and accessible. NEW to the SECOND EDITION: 4-5 additional review questions for each chapter Expanded material and new exhibits on delegation New discussion on the effects of organizational shuffling on employee motivation Expanded material on the legal implications of performance appraisal New section on Six Sigma New coverage of several more laws that affect employees and employment Updated material on HIPAA implementation Updated material on unions and union organizing in health care. "I have seen numerous texts and this is the best. Students at the grad level and in the field really benefit from it. Thanks for a quality publication." -John A. Romas, MPH, PhD, Health Science, Department, Minnesota State University

Politics as ritual: rules as resources in the politics of the liberian hinterland

Abstract: IT IS CHARACTERISTIC of all but the most extreme forms of totalitarian control that the dominance of the state must be established not only through coercion but also through legitimization. For whilst it is possible, as Max Weber noted,' to envisage such a community of interests between a ruler and his staff, and such a concentration of power in their hands, that the achievement of popular legitimacy need not even be contemplated, there would nevertheless still require to be a relationship of authority within the ruling class. Such authority, if it is to be maintained in a stable form, requires structure and predictability in the practices of government, and thus some sort of bureaucratic administration will inevitably emerge. But in the case of a totalitarian regime, this creates a dilemma, for not only does the delegation of power towards the periphery inevitably diminish that at the centre, but the presence of a bureaucratic ideology itself conflicts with the very authoritarianism in the service of which it was initially generated. Even in authoritarian situations, therefore--or perhaps, particularly in authoritarian situations--there tend to develop irreconcilable conflicts between the interests of the ruling stratum and the expectations bred by the system of bureaucratic control. Where the regime and the administration are ethnically distinct, these conflicts are likely to be accentuated, and where the administration shares with the mass an ethnic identity the preservation of which is itself necessary to the maintenance of the system as a whole, so also will the tendency to political instability be reinforced. These considerations are particularly pertinent in the case of Liberia, a society in which, at least until the time of the 1980 Coup, the major political connections exhibited a high degree of transparency, yet in which a numerically small but enormously privileged core had succeeded, with the aid of an administrative staff from which it was ethnically separated, in maintaining its hold over an almost

Supervisor's Survival Kit

Abstract: Table of Contents Getting Into Supervision 1. Should You Be a Supervisor? 2. Making the Transition 3. The Supervisor's Role and Responsibility in the Modern Organization Human Relations and Communications: The Key to Successful Supervision 4. Achieving Productivity Through People 5. The Supervisor-Employee Relationship 6. Five Irreplaceable Foundations 7. Creating a Productive Working Climate 8. Quality Control and Continuous Improvement 9. The Effective Work Team 10. Communicating Privately 11. The Problem Employee 12. Staffing 13. Delegation 14. Use Your Knowledge Power 15. The Formal Appraisal Managing Yourself 16. Learning to Concentrate 17. Establishing Goals and Planning 18. Setting Priorities 19. Make Decisive Decisions Where Do I Go From Here? 20. Common Mistakes You Don't Want to Make 21. Converting Change into Opportunity

The State of Medical Sociology—A Review Essay*

Abstract: Birenbaum, Arnold, 1981. Health Care and Society. Montclair: N.J.: Allanheld Osmun. Bowling, Ann. 1981. Delegation in General Practice: A Study of Doctors and Nurses. London: Tavistock Publications. Cockerham, William C. 1982. Medical Sociology. 2d ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Locker, David. 1981. Symptoms and Illness: The Cognitive Organization of Disorder. London: Tavistock Publications.

Supreme Court Review of the OSHA Benzene Standard

Abstract: Establishing standards for human exposure to carcinogens at low concentrations raises mixed questions of science and law. Delegation of congressional authority to administrative agencies and exercise of that authority by them to protect the public health and welfare are subject to judicial review. The Supreme Court in 1980 overturned a decision to adopt a new standard set by OSHA that would reduce the allowable concentration of benzene in ambient air in the workplace from 10 ppm to 1 ppm. The relationships between law and science in the “benzene case” exemplify the multi-disciplinary issues that must be faced in increasing numbers under great scientific uncertainty.

‘The Invisible Censor’: Civil Law and the State Delegation of Press Control, 1890–1952

Abstract: Sociological concern with legal control of the press has focused very largely on criminal law. One of the principal effects of this focus has been to direct attention to instances of contemporary state intervention, suchas those involving 0 notices and the Official Secrets Act (e.g. Lovelace, 1978; Curran, 1981). Yet the infrequency of such interventions coupled with the vociferous reactions of the press serve only to underline the relative unimportance and exceptional status ofsuch measures for controlling the mass media. A second and more widespread effect of the criminal law conception of press control has been to take for granted the autonomy of the media from state intervention and to explain this in terms of the rise of a specifically capitalist press industry (Curran, 1977, 1978; O'Malley, 1981a). In this view, 'market forces succeeded where legal repression had failed in establishing the press as an instrument of social control' (Curran, 1977: 198). While this position is substantially correct, it makes assumptions which, if not unwarranted, are certainly oversimplified. In particular it may be asked whether market forces do unproblematically produce the effects attributed to them. The demands of marketing strategies, for example, may well bring newspaper content into collision with prevailing ideologies. As Hall (1981: 230) suggests, the rise of the popular, commercial press in the early part of this century created precisely such tensions for it was

Neurosurgery in a different society: the People's Republic of China.

Abstract: An interdisciplinary clinical neurosciences delegation representing the International Committee of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons visited the neurosurgical departments of major teaching hospitals in five cities of the People's Republic of China. This report describes the clinical and research activities observed, with reference to the unique social, political, economic, and cultural environment in China. Although facilities and equipment are limited, diagnostic accuracy and surgical technique are excellent. Results for certain disorders seemed comparable to those obtained in western neurosurgical centers. Given the clinical expertise of our Chinese colleagues and the large numbers of cases treated in Chinese medical centers, a significant contribution to neurosurgical knowledge can be expected from the exchange of information and future collaboration that have now become possible.

The human resources crisis in South Africa: Challenges and opportunities for business

Abstract: In view of the importance of the human asset to the South African economy, the major crises facing South African managers in the human resources area are discussed, together with possible solutions to these problems. The six major components of the human resources crisis, as perceived by the author, are related in a matrix to 11 major challenges or opportunities for management, in the handling of these problems. The crisis components discussed are: actual and potential large-scale black unemployment; a shortage of skilled and semi-skilled labour; a shortage of supervisory and middle management; socio-political wage pressure; strikes; and problems relating to cultural differences. The challenges facing business include: the promotion of entrepreneurship; developing greater understanding of cultural differences; development and retraining; skills training; selling the free enterprise system; the creation of jobs; effective delegation, communication, control and feedback; improved union negotiation; improved industrial relations; increased productivity; and the development of strategies and plans to prevent a greater crisis.

What future for regulation? UK committee's role disputed.

Abstract: KIE: A parliamentary and union delegation has expressed to the British government its concern over the possible demise of the Genetic Manipulation Advisory Group (GMAG) The delegation proposed that GMAG continue to ensure the safe development of recombinant DNA technology and extend its role to cover the ethics of human genetic engineering and the monitoring of industrial safety and environmental contamination GMAG members, themselves divided over the group's future role, will meet to discuss various options later in the year

Effective Planning, Delegating, And Priority Setting:

Abstract: In an era of tight money, expanding demands, and increasing accountability, it is imperative that principals improve their ability to plan effectively, capitalize on staff potential by proper delegation, and set priorities for optional use of time and resources, says this writer.

Repartindo tarefas e responsabilidades nas organizações: alguns dilemas enfrentados pela gerência

Abstract: 1400 The author analyzes the traditional machanistic concept of delegation and its assumptions against the proposed revisions of organizational theories Two knowledge bases, reflecting qualitatively different orientations, were developed: the traditional view of delegation and a revised one in which the cooperative dimension of work and the creative nature of the workers are assumed The dialectical approach is used to understand the possibilities of adopting those theoretical revisions in the practice of management Some of dilemmas stemming from the transition are highlighted in the article as a contribution to understanding the real chances of implementing a revised concept of delegation Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ tableMsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 54pt 0cm 54pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:100pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:110pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}