Showing papers on "Empire published in 1989"

The Age of Empire, 1875-1914.

Abstract: This title is about the death of the 19th century, the world made by and for liberal middle classes in the name of universal progress and civilization. It is about hopes realized which turned into fears: an era of unparalled peace engendering an era of unparalled war; revolt and revolution inevitably emerging on the outskirts of a stable and flourishing Western society; an era of profound identity crises for bourgeois classes whose traditional moral foundations crumbled under the pressure of their own accumulations of wealth and comfort, among a new and sudden mass labour movement which rejected capitalism, new middle classes which rejected liberalism. It is about world empires built and held with almost contemptuous ease by small bodies of Europeans, which were to last barely a human lifetime, and a European domination of world history never more confident than at the moment when it was about to disappear forever.

The New Realities

Abstract: Even in the flattest landscape there are passes where the road first climbs to a peak and then descends into a new valley. Most of these passes are simply topography with little or no difference in climate, language or culture between the valleys on either side. But some passes are different: they are true divides. History too knows such divides. Once these divides have been crossed, the social and political landscape changes; the social and political climate is different, and so is the social and political language. Some time between 1965 and 1973 we passed over such a divide and entered "the next century". This work anticipates the central issues of a rapidly changing world. When it was initially published in 1989, some reviewers mistakenly thought the text was a book about the future, or in other words, a series of predictions. But, as indicated in the title, the text discusses realities. Peter Drucker argues that events of the next 30 to 40 years, or even further on, had already largely been defined by events of the previous half-century. Thus, Drucker discusses episodes in world history that had not yet happened at the time of the book's initial publication, such as: the archaism of the hope for "salvation by society" in "The End of FDR's America"; the democratization of the Soviet Union in "When the Russian Empire is Gone"; the technology boom of the 1990s in "The Information-Based Organization"; and the evolution of management in "Management as Social Function and Liberal Art". This edition features a new preface by the author that discusses both reactions to the original publication of the book and how important it is for decision-makers to consider the past and present when planning for the future.

The Empire of Chance: How Probability Changed Science and Everyday Life

Abstract: The Empire of Chance tells how quantitative ideas of chance transformed the natural and social sciences, as well as daily life over the last three centuries. A continuous narrative connects the earliest application of probability and statistics in gambling and insurance to the most recent forays into law, medicine, polling and baseball. Separate chapters explore the theoretical and methodological impact in biology, physics and psychology. Themes recur - determinism, inference, causality, free will, evidence, the shifting meaning of probability - but in dramatically different disciplinary and historical contexts. In contrast to the literature on the mathematical development of probability and statistics, this book centres on how these technical innovations remade our conceptions of nature, mind and society. Written by an interdisciplinary team of historians and philosophers, this readable, lucid account keeps technical material to an absolute minimum. It is aimed not only at specialists in the history and philosophy of science, but also at the general reader and scholars in other disciplines.

making empire respectable: the politics of race and sexual morality in 20th-century colonial cultures

Abstract: With sustained challenges to European rule in African and Asian colonies in the early 20th century, sexual prescriptions by class, race and gender became increasingly central to the politics of rule and subject to new forms of scrutiny by colonial states. Focusing on the Netherlands Indies and French Indochina, but drawing on other contexts, this article examines how the very categories of “colonizer” and “colonized” were increasingly secured through forms of sexual control which defined the common political interests of European colonials and the cultural investments by which they identified themselves. The metropolitan and colonial discourses on health, “racial degeneracy,” and social reform from this period reveal how sexual sanctions demarcated positions of power by enforcing middle-class conventions of respectability and thus the personal and public boundaries of race.[sexuality, race-thinking, hygiene, colonial cultures, Southeast Asia]

Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China

Abstract: Describes the classical age of Chinese philosophy (500-200 B.C.) that coincides with the final decline of the Chou empire and the period of 'warring states' (403-221 B.C.), an exceptional era in Chinese history when there was no central authority which could claim to rule the entire civilized world. In the absence of a single unified state power enforcing conformity, there blossomed a hundred schools of thought. Philosophical argument and rational debate flourished in China as never before or since.

Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780-1830

Abstract: Introduction. 1. Political and Social Change in the Muslim Empires, 1600-1800. 2. Crisis and Reorganisation in Muslim Asia. 3. War, Empire and the Colonies of Settlement to 1790. 4. Britain's New Imperial Age. 5. Imperial Britain: Personnel and Ideas. 6. The World Crisis, 1780-1820. 7. Proconsular Despotisms: the British empire, c. 1800-40. 8. Colonial Society in the Early Nineteenth Century. Conclusion. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index.

An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain's Raj

Abstract: The magnificent buildings constructed by the British in India, many of which may still be seen by the traveller, did not spring simply from the fancy of the architects or from purely aesthetic or administrative concerns: Rather they embodied a vision the British had of themselves as rulers of India. "An Imperial Vision" examines the relationship between culture and power as expressed in the architectural forms the British employed in India. From the great monuments of New Delhi to the most obscure structures in dusty country towns these buildings visibly represented in stone the choices the British made in politics as imperial rulers. The author illustrates how, in the years after the uprising of 1857, the British constructed a vision of themselves not as mere foreign conquerors, but as legitimate, almost indigenous rulers, linked directly to the Mughals and hence to India's own past. In so doing they created the distinctive forms of so-called Indo-Saracenic architecture. For a half a century this building sustained a new ideology of empire. Yet this self-confidence could not endure forever. By the 1920s, despite the massive building projects underway on the plains of Delhi, the knowledge, and the power, that upheld the Raj had alike begun to slip away. "An Imperial Vision," by its focus upon the relationships of culture and power that underlay the colonial order, throws light on the distinctive nature of late nineteenth-century imperialism, and more generally, on the way political authority takes shape in monumental architecture.

History of Africa

Abstract: Early prehistory of Africa later prehistory - the development and spread of farming and pastoralism the impact of iron in northeast and west Africa the Early Iron Age and Bantu migrations north and northeastern Africa to 1000 AD trans-Saharan trade and the kingdom of Ancient Ghana Islam and the Sudanic states of west Africa eastern Africa to the 16th century trading states of the east African coast to the sixteenth century later Iron Age states and societies of central and southern Africa to 1600 AD north and northeastern Africa to the 18th century the Atlantic slave trade, 16th to 18th centuries west African states and societies to the 18th century central and eastern Africa to the 18th century southern Africa to the 18th century west Africa in the 19th century and the ending of the slave trade central and east Africa in the 19th century pre-industrial southern Africa in the 19th century north and northeast Africa in the 19th century prelude to empire in tropical Africa the European "Scramble", colonial conquest and African resistance in east, north-central and west Africa industrialization, colonial conquest and African resistance in south-central and southern Africa consolidation of empire - the early period of colonial rule Africa between the wars - the high tide of colonial rule the Second World War and Africa the winning of independence (1) the winning of independence (2) Africa since independence (1) Africa since independence (2).

The embarrassment of riches : an interpretation of Dutch culture in the golden age

Abstract: This is the book that made Simon Schama's reputation when first published in 1987 A historical masterpiece, it is an epic account of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age of Rembrandt and van Diemen In this brilliant work that moves far beyond the conventions of social or cultural history, Simon Schama investigates the astonishing case of a people's self-invention He shows how, in the 17th-century, a modest assortment of farming, fishing and shipping communities, without a shared language, religion or government, transformed themselves into a formidable world empire - the Dutch republic

The haunted study: A social history of the English novel, 1875-1914

Abstract: This study aims to place English fiction in the context of a culture in the throes of dynamic change. The period that produced Trollope, Stevenson, Wilde, Henry James and Virginia Woolf also encompassed Rider Haggard, Conan Doyle, Ethel M.Dell, H.de Vere Stacpole, "Boys' Own Paper" and the Religious Tract Society, and ran from the heyday of the triple-decker to the birth of the cheap reprint, and the commercial devices for selling books ran in harness with the developing profession of authorship. The author sets this flowering of literacy firmly in the social context of the developing attitudes that shaped a society in transition. While late Victorian notions were subject to traumatic change under the impact of post-Darwinian social theory, new approaches to economics, radical concepts of religion, the family, empire, there were parallel forces in play in the business of authorship and the trade of publishing.

Beyond the Word of Man: Glissant and the New Discourse of the Antilles

Abstract: By SYLVIA WYNTER Introduction to the Argument. During his childhood years 1940-44, Edouard Glissant, like all residents of the French colonial island of Martinique, found himself in a lived situation of double blockade. Outside, the United States fleet blockaded the ships of Vichy France. Internally, not only did the presence of the navy and the naval authority of Vichy France as the cause of the U.S. blockade lead to a lack of food on the exportimport outpost that was the island, but incidents of direct racism inflicted by the French sailors, as colonial occupiers, led also to an intensified sense of dispossession on the part of the islanders. This second effect was one that was common to all the still colonialized population groups of the Caribbean islands, whether Francophone, Anglophone, or Dutchspeaking, since it was based on the common exclusion from all powers of decision-making with respect to our fate in the context of the global conflagration of World War II, and therefore to the recognition that to be a colonial was precisely to be excluded from all autonomous processes of decision-making with respect to one's fate as a collectivity. There was a specificity, however to touch here on one of the major motifs of Glissant's discourse to the situation of Martinique, as distinct, for example, from my own parallel childhood experience in the then British colonial island of Jamaica. The population of Martinique found itself, willy-nilly, on the side of a France which, having had to accept German domination, was now both an ally to and a neocolony of a Germany determined to found the empire of its ThousandYear Reich on European "natives" in place of the series of primary non-European "natives " on whose subordination France, like several other European nation-states, had built hers. Although on the one hand for, British colonies such as Jamaica, however helpless to control events, there was a strong sense among the population as a whole that under all the British propaganda there was indeed a core truth which impelled their allegiances, this was not to be so in Martinique. The core truth in our case was that the delirium of the Nazi system of thought, which was based on the taking to a logical extreme of the social Darwinist discourse of "race" that had been put in place in the nineteenth century as the legitimating "magical thought" of that century's industrial mode of colonialism, would now have to be fought by colonized and colonizers alike. We therefore had the assurance, during the years 1940-44, that we were, as British subjects, on the side of the "good guys," on the side of an opening rather than a regressive dynamics of historical and cultural change. The situation of Martinique differed not only in the accidental sense of finding itself subordinated to collaborationist rather than to Resistance France, but also in a structural-existential sense; for the dual processes of intellectual and social assimilation specific to the Catholic French model of colonization

Cassiodorus and the Rise of the Amals: Genealogy and the Goths under Hun Domination

Abstract: From the mid-third century, Gothic tribes inhabited lands north of the river Danube; they were destined, however, to play a major role in the destruction of the Roman Empire and the creation of the medieval world order. In the last quarter of the fourth century, in the face of Hun attacks, some Goths (those commonly known as Visigoths) fled into the Roman Empire, winning a famous victory at Hadrianople in 378 and sacking Rome in 410. They later moved further west to found a kingdom in southern Gaul and Spain. Of equal historical importance are those Goths (usually known as Ostrogoths) who remained north of the Danube under Hun domination from c. 375 to c. 450. They too then entered the Empire, and, under Theoderic the Great, established a kingdom in Italy which is known to us through Boethius, Cassiodorus, and Ennodius. Much less well known, however, is the formative stage of their history when the Ostrogoths endured Hun domination, and it is on our sources for this period that this study will concentrate.

The British Isles: A History of Four Nations

Abstract: The Celtic societies of the British Isles the impact of Rome on the British Isles the post-Roman centuries the Vikings and the fall of the old order the Norman ascendancy the decline of the Norman-French empire the making of an English empire the remaking of an empire the Brittanic melting pot the rise of ethnic politics between the wars withdrawal from empire.

The Roman Law of Trusts

Abstract: Theory, practice, and history: Rudiments Action and reaction: From republic to empire Conspiracy of silence: Secret trusts The dead hand: Perpetuities and settlements An end to the horror: Trusts on intestacy Words, deeds, and doubts: Interpretation Of action and execution: Procedure From morals to obligations: Evolution

Disease, Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion

Abstract: Focusing on colonial medicine in the British Empire, these distinguished social and medical historians illustrate how medicine constituted an imperializing cultural force. This book should be of interest to students, lecturers and researchers in political, economic, social and medical history, medicine, public health, medical sociology.

The Jews of Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph

Abstract: This study depicts and evaluates the "golden age" of Viennese Jewry during the long reign of Emperor Franz Joseph (1848-1916). Based on detailed research, it provides new insights not only into the factors that favoured the ascent of Viennese Jewry and the antisemitic movements that accompanied its rise, but also into the ideological conflicts that have marked the 20th century. The author describes the impact of nationality struggles in the Empire and its repercussions on Jewish identity, and examines in detail the genesis of Zionism, Autonomism, Austro-Marxism and psychoanalysis as Jewish strategies and responses to the dilemmas of modernization. In doing so, he analyzes the problems of identity that affected the Jewish intelligentsia of Vienna and helped make it the scene of one of the most seminal intellectual revolutions in history. The book should appeal to scholars and students of European and Jewish history, social historians and the general reader with an interest in Vienna.

Empire for Liberty: Melville and the Poetics of Individualism

Abstract: Wai Chee Dimock approaches Herman Melville not as a timeless genius, but as a historical figure caught in the politics of an imperial nation and an "imperial self." She challenges our customary view by demonstrating a link between the individualism that enabled Melville to write as a sovereign author and the nationalism that allowed America to grow into what Jefferson hoped would be an "empire for liberty."

The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church from 1050 to 1250

Abstract: Part 1 The papal reform movement and the conflict eith the Empire c(1946-1122): Christian society in the middle of the eleventh century the pattern of social change monastic growth and change the papal reform (1046-1073) the discord of empire and papacy (1073-1099) Greeks and Saracens the conflict renewed - the question of investiture (1099-1122). Part 2 the growth of Christendom (1122-1198): the Roman Church and the empire in the twelfth century the government of the church in the twelfth century the new monastic orders the Christian frontier the message of the churches Christianity and social ideas dissent the formulation of the faith property, privilege and law. Part 3 The thirteenth century: the pontificate of Innocent III (1198-1216) friars, beguines and the action against heresy proclaiming the faith reason and hope in a changing world the structure of government the Roman Church and the lay power in the thirteenth century.

The culture and social institutions of ancient Iran

Abstract: List of illustrations List of maps Foreword Philip L. Kohl Author's preface 1. The early history and culture of the Iranian peoples of West Asia 2. The social institutions and the economic structure of the Achaemenid empire 3. Achaemenid culture Conclusion Appendix: the written sources Abbreviations Index of names Index of sites Index of subjects.

Whigs and Cities: Popular Politics in the Age of Walpole and Pitt

Abstract: Part 1 The City of London in natinal politics: city politics and the rise of Whig oligarchy the struggle for control of the City 1728-47 London, patriotism and Empire 1747-63. Part 2 The social configurations of metropolitan politics: the City of London the City of Westminster urban Surrey and Middlesex. Part 3 The provincial perspective: the provincial towns and cities Bristol- the commerce of politics and the politics of commerce Norwich - city of Whigs and weavers. Part 4 Exploring the crowd: the crows in urban politics 1710-60.