Showing papers on "Frame aggregation published in 2021"
TL;DR: The proposed scheme adaptively adjusts the length of the aggregated frame to reduce the energy consumption caused by the frequent preemption of wireless channel and the numerous retransmission of data frames resulted by poor channel quality.
Abstract: With the tremendous growth of traffic demand caused by the conventional service and emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, it is vitally challenging to support seamlessly access for billions of IoT devices along with existing Internet service. Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access networks is an ideal solution for the next-generation access networks to support both IoT and conventional service. One of the main challenges faced by the design of an FiWi access network is the high energy consumption due to low utilization of optical network units (ONUs) and high control overhead of data transmission. In this article, An adaptive frame aggregation scheme with load transfer is proposed to reduce the energy consumption in FiWi. By evaluating the quality of wireless channel, the proposed scheme adaptively adjusts the length of the aggregated frame to reduce the energy consumption caused by the frequent preemption of wireless channel and the numerous retransmission of data frames resulted by poor channel quality. In the optical backhaul, according to the delay requirements of services with different priorities, the proposed scheme calculates the optimal frame length for each queue and performs load transfer among ONUs to dynamically distribute network load and maximize the sleep rate of ONUs for energy saving. Simulation results and theoretical analysis both unanimously show that the proposed scheme achieves significant amounts of energy saving, while preserving delay performance of various services.
12 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an algorithm for the dynamic tuning of the maximum size of aggregated frames in 802.11 WLANs, with the objective of keeping the latency as close as possible to that budget, while penalizing the throughput of traditional services as little as possible.
Abstract: This letter proposes an algorithm for the dynamic tuning of the maximum size of aggregated frames in 802.11 WLANs. Traffic flows with opposed requirements may coexist in these networks: traditional services as web browsing or file download that need high throughput, and services with real-time requirements that need low latency. The proposed algorithm allows the network manager to find an optimal balance ( i.e. the “sweet spot” between throughput and latency: a “delay budget” can be assigned to real-time flows, with the objective of keeping the latency as close as possible to that budget, while penalizing the throughput of traditional services as little as possible.
5 citations
15 Apr 2021
TL;DR: A Markovian model is proposed that predicts the throughput achieved by each Access Point (AP) of the WLAN as a function of the network’s topology and the AP's throughput demands and it is found that, in general, larger channels are better suited for throughput maximization and smaller channels render higher fairness.
Abstract: The ever-growing popularity of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) in home, public, and work environments is fueling the need for WLANs that can accommodate more stations, each with higher throughput This typically results in WLANs containing a larger number of heterogeneous devices, making the prediction of the network’s behavior and its efficient configuration an even more elaborate problem In this paper, we propose a Markovian model that predicts the throughput achieved by each Access Point (AP) of the WLAN as a function of the network’s topology and the AP’s throughput demands By means of simulation, we show that our model achieves mean relative errors of around 10% for networks of different sizes and with diverse node configurations The model is adapted to the specification of IEEE 80211 standards that implement channel bonding, namely 80211n/ac/ax, and as such it can be used to provide insight into issues of channel assignment when using channel bonding We derive guidelines on the best practice in static channel bonding given a performance metric and for different node characteristics such as the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) indexes, frame aggregation rates, saturation levels, and network topologies We then put our findings to the test by identifying the optimal channel bonding combination in an 80211ac WLAN containing nodes with diverse characteristics We conclude that the optimal solution is highly dependent on the particular network configuration However, we find that, in general, larger channels are better suited for throughput maximization and smaller (and separate) channels render higher fairness
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Frame Aggregation Power-Saving Backhaul (FA-PSB) scheme is proposed for near-optimal power conservation under a latency constraint, through a duty-cycled approach.
Abstract: Wide area networks for surveying applications, such as seismic acquisition, have been witnessing a significant increase in node density and area, where large amounts of data have to be transferred in real-time. While cables can meet these requirements, they account for a majority of the equipment weight, maintenance, and labor costs. A novel wireless network architecture, compliant with the IEEE 802.11ad standard, is proposed for establishing scalable, energy-efficient, and gigabit-rate backhaul across very large areas. Statistical path-loss and line-of-sight models are derived using real-world topographic data in well-known seismic regions. Additionally, a cross-layer analytical model is derived for 802.11 systems that can characterize the overall latency and power consumption under the impact of co-channel interference. On the basis of these models, a Frame Aggregation Power-Saving Backhaul (FA-PSB) scheme is proposed for near-optimal power conservation under a latency constraint, through a duty-cycled approach. A performance evaluation with respect to the survey size and data generation rate reveals that the proposed architecture and the FA-PSB scheme can support real-time acquisition in large-scale high-density scenarios while operating with minimal power consumption, thereby enhancing the lifetime of wireless seismic surveys. The FA-PSB scheme can be applied to cellular backhaul and sensor networks as well.
4 citations
22 Jun 2021
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a frame aggregation and multi-modal fusion (FAMF) framework for video-based person recognition, which aggregates face features and incorporates them with multidimensional information to identify persons in videos.
Abstract: Video-based person recognition is challenging due to persons being blocked and blurred, and the variation of shooting angle. Previous research always focused on person recognition on still images, ignoring similarity and continuity between video frames. To tackle the challenges above, we propose a novel Frame Aggregation and Multi-Modal Fusion (FAMF) framework for video-based person recognition, which aggregates face features and incorporates them with multi-modal information to identify persons in videos. For frame aggregation, we propose a novel trainable layer based on NetVLAD (named AttentionVLAD), which takes arbitrary number of features as input and computes a fixed-length aggregated feature based on the feature quality. We show that introducing an attention mechanism into NetVLAD effectively decreases the impact of low-quality frames. For the multi-model information of videos, we propose a Multi-Layer Multi-Modal Attention (MLMA) module to learn the correlation of multi-modality by adaptively updating correlation Gram matrix. Experimental results on iQIYI-VID-2019 dataset show that our framework outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
3 citations
15 Jun 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the possibility of supporting a technology-based duplexing scheme, in which downlink and uplink transmissions are performed by means, respectively, of VLC and WiFi interfaces integrated into the same node.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider integrating VLC and WiFi technologies in a scenario in which Light-Emitting-Diodes (LEDs), acting as network access points (APs) for ultra-dense Internet of Things applications, are deployed into an indoor lighting infrastructure. In such a scenario, RF-links can be exploited for complementing VLC-links in dealing with mobility and bidirectional communications, which can be problematic due to the limited coverage areas and self-generated interference of VLC APs. In particular, we consider the possibility of supporting a technology-based duplexing scheme, in which downlink and uplink transmissions are performed by means, respectively, of VLC and WiFi interfaces integrated into the same node. In order to fully exploit the VLC bandwidth in the presence of background WiFi traffic and multiple coexisting VLC links, we discuss the importance of adopting a prioritization mechanism based on EDCA, as well as frame aggregation, for the uplink channel of the integrated architecture. Our considerations are corroborated by numerical results based on NS-3 simulations and a real simple experiment.
2 citations
22 Nov 2021
TL;DR: This paper proposes an analytical model based on a Discrete-Time Markov chain that discerns the theoretical DownLink aggregation levels for probe traffic concurrent to cross traffic and validate the accuracy of the proposed approach against ns-3 simulations under several scenarios.
Abstract: IEEE 802.11 (known as Wi-Fi) has emerged as a vital wireless network access technology for mobile devices. By providing the potential for high connectivity speeds, this technology has led to a dramatic rise in the number of access points (APs). In such environments, mobile devices have the choice to join several Wi-Fi networks. Despite its importance to user Quality of Experience (QoE), the AP selection is still trivial since it focuses at best on the received signal strength if not only the user's history. Crucial metrics that capture the overall dynamics of the AP load condition, such as the network load, are not taken into account. In this paper, we propose to use the Busy Time Fraction (BTF) as a metric to choose the best AP to attach to. The BTF level of a given channel is inferred based on the frame aggregation scheme proposed since the 802.11n standard. In this regard, we propose an analytical model based on a Discrete-Time Markov chain that discerns the theoretical DownLink aggregation levels for probe traffic concurrent to cross traffic. We validate the accuracy of our proposed approach against ns-3 simulations under several scenarios.
2 citations
TL;DR: A standard compliant, Practical, Near-Optimal Frame Aggregation algorithm (PNOFA) is developed and evaluated, showing that across a variety of devices and scenarios PNOFA outperforms existing state-of-the-art algorithms and obtains throughputs that are within 97% of those obtained using the statistically optimal algorithm.
2 citations
TL;DR: This letter constructs an optimization problem that maximizes theoretical throughput considering bit error in A-MSDU under the IEEE 802.11ac standard based on the detailed structure of FA and proposes a scheme to determine the optimal subframe sets through an exhaustive search for not only A-MPDU but also A- MSDU.
Abstract: To improve the throughput via frame aggregation (FA), the number of aggregate medium access control service data unit (A-MSDU) and protocol data unit (A-MPDU) subframes must be set appropriately under the IEEE 802.11 standards. In this letter, we construct an optimization problem that maximizes theoretical throughput considering bit error in A-MSDU under the IEEE 802.11ac standard based on the detailed structure of FA. Further, we propose a scheme to determine the optimal subframe sets through an exhaustive search for not only A-MPDU but also A-MSDU. The proposed scheme is validated through numerical calculations and Monte Carlo computer simulations. Although the computational complexity of the proposed scheme is larger than that of the conventional scheme, it leads to a significant throughput improvement.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Frame Aggregation Power-Saving Backhaul (FA-PSB) scheme is proposed for near-optimal power conservation under a latency constraint, through a duty-cycled approach.
Abstract: Wide area networks for surveying applications, such as seismic acquisition, have been witnessing a significant increase in node density and area, where large amounts of data have to be transferred in real-time. While cables can meet these requirements, they account for a majority of the equipment weight, maintenance, and labor costs. A novel wireless network architecture, compliant with the IEEE 802.11ad standard, is proposed for establishing scalable, energy-efficient, and gigabit-rate backhaul across very large areas. Statistical path-loss and line-of-sight models are derived using real-world topographic data in well-known seismic regions. Additionally, a cross-layer analytical model is derived for 802.11 systems that can characterize the overall latency and power consumption under the impact of co-channel interference. On the basis of these models, a Frame Aggregation Power-Saving Backhaul (FA-PSB) scheme is proposed for near-optimal power conservation under a latency constraint, through a duty-cycled approach. A performance evaluation with respect to the survey size and data generation rate reveals that the proposed architecture and the FA-PSB scheme can support real-time acquisition in large-scale high-density scenarios while operating with minimal power consumption, thereby enhancing the lifetime of wireless seismic surveys. The FA-PSB scheme can be applied to cellular backhaul and sensor networks as well.
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed and implemented the novelty adaptive mapping of cross-layers scheme for height the Quality of Services for transmitting the scalable video streams in IEEE 802.11ac wired less environment.
Abstract: The audio transmission over WLAN requires the better Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we are proposing and implementing the novelty adaptive mapping of cross-layers scheme for height the Quality of Services for transmitting the scalable video streams in IEEE 802.11ac wired less environment tends to approximating of the AC’s queue length and delaying of the timely constraining of the streams for which it is to be transmitted. The results clearly states that performing of propose dynamic cross-layers mapping is better with respect to the mapping of static cross-layers scheme.
TL;DR: NemFi as mentioned in this paper is a trace-driven WiFi emulator that captures traces representing real WiFi conditions, and later replay these traces to reproduce the same conditions, which is a record-and-replay emulator.
Abstract: This paper presents NemFi: a trace-driven WiFi emulator. NemFi is a record-and-replay emulator that captures traces representing real WiFi conditions, and later replay these traces to reproduce the same conditions. In this paper, we demonstrate that the state-of-the-art emulator that was developed for cellular links cannot emulate WiFi conditions. We identify the three key differences that must be addressed to enable accurate WiFi record-and-replay: WiFi packet losses, medium-access control, and frame aggregation. We then extend the existing cellular network emulator to support WiFi record-and-replay. We evaluate the performance of NemFi via repeated experimentation across different WiFi conditions and for three different types of applications: speed-test, file download, and video streaming. Our experimental results demonstrate that average application performance over NemFi and real WiFi links is similar (with less than 3 percent difference).