Showing papers on "Genus published in 1992"

A review of the Grapsid crab genus Sesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in America, with the description of a new genus

Abstract: Abele, Lawrence G. A Review of the Grapsid Crab Genus Sesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in America, with the Description of a New Genus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 527, 60 pages, 41 figures, 1 table, 1992.—All 39 species of Sesarma reported from the Americas were examined, and 23 of these are considered valid. The genus Sesarma is here restricted to the Americas, and the following species are assigned to this genus: reticulatum (the type species), crassipes, curacaoense, rectum, bidentatum, jarvisi, cookei, verleyi, aequatoriale, sulcatum, rhizophorae, and rubinofforum. A new genus, Armases, is described; Sesarma cinereum is the type species. The following species previously assigned to Sesarma are assigned to this new genus: benedicti, ricordi, americanum, roberti, angustipes, miersii, angustum, occidentale, gorei, and magdalenense from the Americas and elegans from the eastern Atlantic. All American species are illustrated, and keys for their identification are provided. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Abclc, Lawrence G. A review of the Grapsid crab genus Sesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in America, with the description of a new genus / Lawrence G. Abele. p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 527) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Sesarma—America—Classification. 2. Armases—America—Classification. I. Title. II. Series. Q11.S54 no. 527 [QL444.M33] 591 s—

A Review of the Genus Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) Based upon Type Material

Abstract: Fauchald, Kristian. A Review of the Genus Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) Based upon Type Material. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 523,422 pages, 117 figures, 53 tables, 1992.—The genus Eunice has been widely reported in all kinds of marine environment. A total of 286 names have been applied to taxa originally described in, or subsequently referred to, the genus. All such taxa published prior to 1985 have been accounted for below. Of these, some or all types of about 175 are available and are described below. Twenty-five species are incompletely known; types are missing and original descriptions (or subsequent descriptions of types) are insufficient to relate these species to the rest. The descriptions of these species have been briefly summarized. A key to species includes nearly all species for which types were available. Species considered incompletely known are excluded from the key, but are included when possible in a set of tables comparing similar species. Forty-seven named taxa are indeterminable. Twenty-two have been referred to other genera, including some new combinations. In some cases the type lot included two species; some of these types could be referred to other, known species; however, four species are described as new. Seven species have been given new names for nomenclatural reasons. Attempts to group the 206 reasonably well-characterized species into supra-specific taxa using cladistic techniques did not lead to interpretable results. The reasons might include the very large number of species compared to the number of characters. A detailed analysis of the characters has been started using freshly collected material in an attempt to expand the number of characters and measure the variability of currently used characters. Similar reviews are planned for the remaining eunicean genera. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicalion Data Fauchald, Kristian. A review of the Genus Eunice (Polychaeta-Eunicidac) based upon type material / Kristian Fauchald. p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 523) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Eunice (Annelida). I. Title. II. Series. QU.S54 no. 523 [QL391.A6] 59 s—dc20 91-19518 [595.1'47] CIP ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48— 1984.

Taxonomic Status of Kitasatosporia, and Proposed Unification with Streptomyces on the Basis of Phenotypic and 16S rRNA Analysis and Emendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL

Abstract: Species classified within the genus Kitasatosporia share many of the phenotypic characteristics typical of streptomycetes. By using a probabilistic identification scheme, they were identified with Streptomyces exfoliatus cluster 5, a species group within Streptomyces. The four species studied hybridized with a 16S rRNA genus probe for Streptomyces spp., indicating a close relationship between the two genera. The kitasatosporias were resistant to selected polyvalent streptomycete phages tested. Quantitative analysis showed that meso-diaminopimelic acid varied from 49 to 89% in Kitasatosporia species and from 1 to 16% in Streptomyces species depending on growth conditions. On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis, it is proposed to reduce Kitasatosporia to synonymy with Streptomyces. As a result, the new names proposed are Streptomyces mediocidicus comb. nov., Streptomyces phosalacineus comb. nov., Streptomyces setae comb. nov., and Streptomyces griseolosporeus comb. nov., nom. nov.

A revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe

Abstract: In this paper, a revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe is presented. Such a revision, including fossil material, has not been published since the work of Pohle (1919). Three tribes within the Lutrinae are recognized: the Lutrini, the Aonyxini and the Enhydrini. The latter comprises both Enhydra and the Enhydriodon group. The genus Nesolutra, consisting of three insular species, is not retained. Two are included in Lutra and for N. ichnusae a new genus, Sardolutra, is proposed. The genus Isolalutra is not retained either. Its only species, I. cretensis, is included in the genus Lutrogale. Some new material of this species is described. A number of well-preserved fossils of Cyrnaonyx antiqua are described, such as the hitherto unknown skull and upper carnassial as well as postcranial material from Tornewton Cave. The systematic position of the species and genus is reviewed in detail. A new specimen of Enhydra reevei from Bramerton is described. The morphology of the M1 supports the inclusion of the species in Enhydra. The functional morphology and the ecology of the reviewed species is discussed and compared to extant lutrines. Adaptations in the postcranial skeleton indicate a very aquatic way of life for Lutra simplicidens, L. trinacriae, L. euxena and, to an even greater extent, Sardolutra. Lutrogale cretensis on the contrary shows a more terrestrial adaptation. Cyrnaonyx shows adaptations similar to Lutra and probably was a stream dweller, thus differing from its extant relative Aonyx. From the dentition and the endocranial cast, conclusions on the feeding habits are drawn. The described Lutra and Sardolutra species were probably all specialized on motile prey, viz. fish. Lutrogale, Algarolutra, Megalenhydris and Cyrnaonyx show adaptations to a mixed diet, consisting of both fish and shellfish, though differences in the feeding habits between those forms are noted also. Enhydra reevei probably fed on shellfish exclusively. In the last part, the phylogeny and palaeogeography of the Lutrinae are discussed. It is argued that the oldest Lutrinae, Mionictis spp., originated from the Melinae. The phylogeny of the Lutrini can be reconstructed relatively well. The ancestry of the island forms in the Mediterranean is discussed in some detail. For the Aonyxini, the fossil record is rather poor and a reconstruction of the phylogeny is virtually impossible. The origin of Cyrnaonyx is uncertain and the ancestry of Megalenhydris is unknown. The origin of the Enhydrini is somewhat obscure. The group reached a wide distribution and gave rise to the Enhydra line. The relationships between the species are discussed. The problems involved in island species are considered. Remarks on the presence of otters in unbalanced island faunas are made. The peculiar taphonomy of otter fossils on islands is noted.

Systematics of the Neotropical characiform genus Cyphocharax Fowler (Pisces:Ostariophysi)

Abstract: Van, Richard P., Systematics of the Neotropical Characiform Genus Cyphocharax Fowler (Pisces: Ostariophysi). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 529, 137 pages, 93 figures, 15 tables, 1992.—The curimatid characiform genus Cyphocharax Fowler (1906) is revised. Cyphocharax has three synonyms: Xyrocharax Fowler (1913), Hemicurimata Myers (1929), and Curimatoides Fowler (1940a). Thirty-three species are recognized in Cyphocharax: C. abramoides (Kner, 1859a) of the northern Amazon and southern Orinoco basins; C. aspilos, new species, a Lago Maracaibo basin endemic; C. festivus, new species, of the Amazon basin, Guyana, and eastern Venezuela; C. gangamon, new species, of the Rio Tapajos; C. gilbert (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) of coastal Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia; C. gillii (Eigenmann and Kennedy, 1903) of the Rio de La Plata; C. gouldingi, new species, of Amapa\ the Rio Capim, Rio Tocantins, and Rio Xingu; C. heHeri (Steindachner, 1910) of eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amapa, Brazil; C. leucostictus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889) of the Amazon and Amapa, Brazil; C. magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879a) ranging from Costa Rica to Colombia; C. meniscaprorus, new species, of the Rio Orinoco; C. mestomyllon, new species, of the Rio Negro in Brazil; C. microcephalus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889) of Surinam and Guyana; C. modest us (Femandez-Yepez, 1948) of the upper Rio Parana; C. multilineatus (Myers, 1927) of the central Amazon; C. nagelii (Steindachner, 1882) endemic to the upper Rio Parana; C. nigripinnis, new species, from the central Amazon; C. notatus (Steindachner, 1908) widely distributed in the Amazon; C. oenas, new species, of the Rio Orinoco; C. pantostictos Van and Barriga (1990) of the western Amazon; C.platanus (Giinther, 1880) of most of the Rio de La Plata basin; C. plumbeus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889) widely distributed in the Amazon; C. punctatus (Van and Nijssen, 1986) of the Marowijne River; C. saladensis (Meinken, 1933) of southeastern Brazil and part of the Rio de La Plata basin; C. santacatarinae (Fernandez-Yepez, 1948) of the coastal rivers of Santa Catarina, Parana, and Sao Paulo, Brazil; C. signatus, new species, of the Rio Araguaia; C. spilotus (Vari, 1987) of the Rio de La Plata basin; C. spiluropsis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889) of the central and western Amazon; C. spilurus (Giinther, 1864) of southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, the upper Rio Branco in Brazil, and perhaps the Rio Orinoco; C. stilbolepis, new species, of the Rio Xingu and Rio Tocantins; C. vanderi (Britski, 1980) of the upper Rio Parana^ C. vexillapinnus, new species, of the central and western Amazon; and C. voga (Hensel, 1869) of Uruguay, southeastern Brazil and portions of the Rio de La Plata basin. Keys to the species of Cyphocharax are provided. Fourteen species and subspecies are synonymized. Pseudocurimata steindachneri Fema"ndezY6pez (1948) described from the Rio Magdalena is a synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae. Curimatus albula Liitken (1874) from the Rio Sao Francisco, and Pseudocurimata grandocule Fem&idez-Ye'pez (1948) from Espfrito Santo, Brazil, are considered synonyms of Cyphocharax gilbert. Curimata gnaca Azpelicueta and Braga (1988) from Resistencia, Argentina is tentatively synonymized into Cyphocharax spilotus. Curimatus Vandeli Puyo (1943) from French Guiana and Curimatus (Hemicurimata) esperanzae pijperzi Gery (1965) of Surinam are synonyms of Cyphocharax helleri. Curimatopsis maculatus Ahl (1934) described from Argentina is a juvenile Cyphocharax voga. Curimatus hermanni Ahl (1931) described from the Rio Capim is a synonym of Cyphocharax notatus. Curimatus (Curimatella) xinguensis Steindachner (1908), based on a specimen from the Rio Xingu, is a synonym of Cyphocharax leucostictus. Curimatella rehni Fowler (1932) from the Mato Grosso is synonymized in Cyphocharax gillii. Curimatus surinamensis Steindachner (1910) from Surinam is a synonym of Cyphocharax spilurus. Curimatus stigmaturus Fowler (1913) from the Rio Maranon, Curimatoides ucayalensis Fowler (1940a) from the Rio Ucayali, and Curimata esperanzae Myers (1929) based on juveniles that originated in the Rio Madeira basin are all synonyms of Cyphocharax spiluropsis. Lectotypes are designated for Curimatus albula Liitken, Curimatus (Hemicurimata) esperanzae Myers, Curimatus leucostictus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Curimatus Magdalenae Steindachner, Curimatus microcephalus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Curimatus platanus (Giinther), Curimatus plumbeus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Curimatus spiluropsis Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Curimatus spilurus Giinther, and Curimatus voga Hensel. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vari, Richard P. Systematics of the Neotropical characiform genus Cyphocharax Fowler (Pisces: Ostariophysi) / Richard P. Vari. p. cm. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 529.) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Cyphocharax. 2. Cyphocharax-Classification. I. Title. II. Series. QL1.S54 no. 529 [QL638.C89] 591 s-dc20 [597\52] 91-45327 ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.

Monograph of the genus Cerithium Bruguiere in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae: Prosobranchia)

Abstract: Houbrick, Richard S. Monograph of the Genus Cerithiwn Bruguiere in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae: Prosobrachia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 510,211 pages, 145 figures, 45 tables, 1992.—The genus Cerithium Bruguiere, 1789, comprises a large group of morphologically highly variable species characterized by many-whorled, elongate shells having ovate apertures, slightly reflected anterior canals and sculpture, consisting of axial ribs, spiral cords with beads and nodes, and randomly placed varices. The mantle edge is bilobed in cross-section, and has small papillae arising from the inner lobe. The osphradium is bipectinate and the hypobranchial gland well developed. The radula is taenioglosate, paired salivary glands pass through the nerve ring, an esophageal gland is present, and the large stomach has a style sac, crystalline style, and gastric shield. The nervous system is epiathroid. Pallial gonoducts are open; the pallial oviduct includes a large spermatophore bursa and two seminal receptacles. Males are aphallate and produce dimorphic sperm, which are transferred by spermatophores. Females have a ciliated egg-laying groove on the right side of the foot and the egg mass consists of intertwined, gelatinous strings. The genus dates from the late Cretaceous, and was species-rich during the Cenozoic: many living species are also known in the Cenozoic fossil record. Cerithium species span a broad variety of habitats, but the great majority live intertidally or in shallow water, and are microphagous herbivores. Most species have a planktotrophic larval stage and wide geographic distributions. The Indo-Pacific Marine Province supports 68 percent of all Cerithium species. Forty-two living species, including five new taxa, are recognized: C. abditum, new species; C. africanum, new species; C. alexandri Tomlin; C. amirantium E.A. Smith; C. atromarginatum Dautzenberg and Bouge; C. balteatum Philippi; C. caeruleum Sowerby; C. citrinum Sowerby; C. claviforme Schepman; C. columna Sowerby; C. coralium Kiener; C. crassilabrum Krauss; C. dialeucum Philippi; C. echinatum Sowerby; C. egenum Gould; C.flemischi K. Martin; C. gloriosum, new species; C. interstriatum Sowerby; C. koperbergi Schepman; C. leptocharactum Rehder, C. lifitense Melvill and Standen; C. lissum Watson; C. madreporicolum Jousseaume; C. matukense Watson; C. munitum Sowerby, C. nesioticum Pilsbry and Vanatta; C. nodulosum Bruguiere; C. novaehollandiae A. Adams; C. ophioderma (Habe), new combination; C. pacificum, new species; C. phoxum Watson; C. punctatum Bruguiere; C. rehderi, new species; C. rostratum Sowerby; C. ruppelli Philippi; C. salebrosum Sowerby; C. scabridum Philippi; C. scobiniforme, new species; C. tenellum Sowerby; C. torresi E.A. Smith; C. traillii Sowerby; C. zonatum (Wood). Four different types of radular morphology were determined among the above species. The anatomy of twelve species was studied and among these three different types of pallial oviduct arrangements were discerned, suggesting that Cerithium may comprise several clades or groups. Monophyly has not been established; thus, formal taxonomic recognition of these morphological groups is withheld until the anatomy of more Cerithium species is known. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Houbrick, Richard S. Monograph of the Genus Cerithium Bruguiere in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae—Prosobranchia) / Richard S. Houbrick p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 510) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Cerithium—Indo-Pacific—Classification I. Thlc II. Series. Qll.SS4no.S10 [QL43O.5.C.4] 591s—dc20 [594'.32] 91-11552 © The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.

Systematic Observations on North American Scorpionida with a Key and Checklist of the Families and Genera

Abstract: The phylogenetic associations of North American scorpion genera are examined. Several taxonomic changes are supported by new hypotheses of relationship. The subfamily Syntropinae is synonymized under Vaejovinae. Chactidae and Vaejovidae are restricted to their nominate subfamilies. Superstitioninae, Euscorpiinae, and Scorpiopsinae are raised to family rank. The subfamily Megacorminae is synonymized under Euscorpiinae. Anuroctonus Thorell and Nullibrotheas Williams are removed from Vaejovidae and placed in Iuridae and Chactidae, respectively. Troglotayosicus Lourenco and Belisarius Simon are transferred from Chactidae to Superstitionidae. Twelve species are transferred from Vaejovis Koch to Pseudouroctonus Stahnke. The diplocentrid genus Bioculus Stahnke is resurrected to contain four species from Baja California Sur, Mexico, that were traditionally placed in Didymocentrus Kraepelin. Paruroctonus (Smeringurus) Haradon is raised to the rank of genus. An illustrated key and annotated checklist are provided for the identification of the seven families and 25 genera of North American scorpions.

Molecular systematics of Brassica and allied genera (Subtribe Brassicinae, Brassiceae) - chloroplast DNA variation in the genus Diplotaxis.

Abstract: Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation for 17 endonucleases was surveyed for the large single-copy region of the genome in 26 taxa of the genus Diplotaxis and compared with previously mapped site mutations in other members of the Subtribe Brassicinae (Tribe Brassiceae, Cruciferae). A total of 259 restriction site and length mutations were observed, 206 (80%) of which showed variation at the interspecific level. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a clear division of the genus Diplotaxis into the same two lineages for the Subtribe Brassicinae, described previously by Warwick and Black as Rapa/ Oleracea and Nigra. Levels of genetic divergence and taxon groupings suggested by the restriction site variation were highly consistent with previously recognized cytodemes or crossing groups and the geographical distribution of Diplotaxis taxa. However, the data were inconsistent with the morphologically based taxonomic delimitation of the genus, certain subgeneric circumscriptions, and even species delimitation in the case of D. virgata. Diplotaxis species were separated into three major groups in each of the two lineages. In the Rapa/ Oleracea lineage, Group A included D. erucoides ssp. erucoides and D. cossoniana. Group B included two subgroups: B (i) D. tenuifolia, D. cretacea, and D. simplex and B (ii) D. harra. Group C included D. viminea and D. muralis. Within the Nigra lineage, group D included D. siettiana, D. ibicensis, D. brevisiliqua, and D. gomezcampoi. Group E included D. brachycarpa. Group F included three subgroups: F (i) D. assurgens, D. tenuisiliqua, an accession of D. virgata from southern Morocco (DVA), and D. siifolia; F (ii) D. berthautii and D. virgata f. sahariensis; and F (iii) D. catholica, D. catholica var. rivulorum, D. virgata ssp. virgata. These groups often showed greater genetic closeness to other species from other genera in the Subtribe than to other species of Diplotaxis.

A generic revision of the Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)

Abstract: The generic classification of the subfamily Phallodrilinae (with a total of 252 species) is revised according to phylogenetic principles Morphological character patterns are assessed under the principle of maximum parsimony, but due to the poor resolution and instability in the resulting cladograms, the analysis is supplemented with intuitive weighting of synapomorphic similarities Thirty-one genera are recognized The former definition of the type genus Phallodrilus Picrantoni, 1902, is revised and the members of this genus are reclassified into 20 taxa, each hypothesized to be monophyletic: Phallodrilus sstr (revised to contain the type species only), Somalidrilus gcnn, Milliganius genn, Phallodriloides genn, Albanidrilus genn, Abyssidrilus genn, Paraktedrilus genn, Uniporodrilus Erseus, 1979, Inermidrilus genn, Gianius genn, Mexidrilus genn, Peosidrilus Baker & Erseus, 1979, Atlantidrilus Erseus, 1983, Thalassodrilus Brinkhurst, 1963, Pirodrilus genn, Pirodriloides genn, Marionidrilus genn, Pectinodrilus genn, Pacifidrilus genn and Pseudospiridion genn Nine new species are described from the Northwest Atlantic: Phallodriloides pinnulatus spn, Abyssidrilus opulentus spn, A potens spn, A altoides spn, Mexidrilus obtusus spn, Peosidrilus dalei spn, P aduncus spn, P riseri spn, and Atlantidrilus hamulus spn The genus Discordiprostatus Baker, 1982, is synonymized with Nootkadrilus Baker, 1982

Geographic partitioning of chloroplast DNA variation in the genus Datisca ( Datiscaceae )

Abstract: Datisca (Datiscaceae) is a ditypic genus with an intercontinentally disjunct distribution. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data was obtained from 23 populations and four 10–20 year old herbarium specimens ofD. glomerata and three populations ofD. cannabina from throughout their geographic ranges in western North America and southwest-central Asia, respectively. InD. glomerata, plastome diversity is partitioned geographically. All populations from southern California have a common plastome, while most populations north of this region share a relatively divergent plastome (0.49% sequence divergence). Likewise, these plastomes are highly divergent (0.87% mean sequence divergence) from those found inD. cannabina. Biogeographic processes dating to the Pleistocene and Late Miocene may be responsible for these intra- and interspecific patterns of chloroplast DNA divergence.

Further data on Prokennalestes (Mammalia, Eutheria inc. sed.) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

Abstract: Four new incomplete lower jaws of Prokennalestes are described. bringing new data for establishing the primitive cutherian dental formula and its evolution in later placentals, as well as the possible relationships of the genus.

Biology and Systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, New Genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae)

Abstract: Davis, Donald R., Olle Pellmyr, and John N. Thompson. Biology and Systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, new genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 524, 88 pages, 375 figures, 7 maps, 1992.—Greya is a genus of particular biological interest, in that it is among the genera closest related to the yucca moths, which are widely quoted in discussions of coevolution. Both Greya and the new genus Tetragma share some morphological and behavioral traits with the yucca moths. In this paper, the general morphology, classification, distribution, and biology of the western North American genera Greya and Tetragma new genus, are reviewed, and a phytogeny is proposed. Sixteen species of Greya are recognized, including seven new species: G. mitellae, G. obscura, G. enchrysa, G. variabilis, G. pectinifera, G. suffusca, and G. powelli. Greya piperella is resurrected as a valid species. The new genus Tetragma is described, with the single, new species T. gei. Keys are provided for all species, and diagnostic characters of all taxa are illustrated by line drawings and photographs. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Davis Donald R. (Donald Ray) Biology and systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, new genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) / Donald R. Davis, Olle Pellmyr, and John N. Thompson. p. cm.-(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 524) Includes bibliographic references. 1. Greya. 2. Tetragma. I. Pellmyr, Olle. II. Thompson, John N. III. Title. IV. Series. QL1.S54 no. 524 [QL561.P57] 591 s-dc20 [595.78!] 91-28433 ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.

Review of the dolichoderine ant genus iridomyrmex mayr with descriptions of three new genera (hymenoptera: formicidae)

Abstract: The generic placement of species assigned to the dolichoderine ant genus Iridomyrmex Mayr is reviewed. Three new genera (Ochetellus, Papyrius, Philidris) are described, one genus (Doleromyrma Forel) is removed from synonymy, and two genera (Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe, Linepithema Mayr) are redefined and expanded, resulting in numerous new combinations. Worker-based characterisations are given for each genus.

Paleozoic Herbaceous Lycopsids and the Beginnings of Extant Lycopodium Sens Lat. And Selaginella Sens. Lat

Abstract: Devonian and Carboniferous herbaceous Lycopsids are reviewed to illustrate their diverse morphologies. The problem of interpreting small fragments of Lycopsids as either the remains of herbaceous plants, or as terminal portions of much larger plants, is highlighted. Lycopsids resembling the extant genera Lycopodium and Selaginella are known from the Carboniferous onward. The problems of assigning these herbaceous taxa to extant genera are discussed. The presence of both isophyllous and heterophyllous Selaginella-like plants in the Carboniferous supports the idea that the genus should be divided into at least two genera

The role of floral development in studies of legume evolution

Abstract: Comparative floral development is useful to test hypotheses of phylogeny and taxonomic relationships among legumes because it provides a greater understanding of character states. It can reveal homologies, as in the cupule, an anomalous and varied structure among species of Psoralea that originates by fusion of two or more small bracts. Convergence is demonstrated by comparing differing developmental pathways of specialized floral features such as dorsiventral heterostameny, eccentric corolla, porate stamens, and enantiostyly, among species of Cassia, Senna, and Chamaecrista. Naturally occurring homeosis can be identified, as in the example of stamens developing from uncommitted primordia in petal sites in Saraca declinata. Floral development among species in a genus is generally very similar, with any differences usually occurring only terminally. In contrast, ontogenies among related genera show more differences, and those differences may be accelerated, appearing earlier in ontogeny than interspecific ...

Evolution of the Genus Dendroseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae) on the Juan Fernandez Islands: Evidence from Chloroplast and Ribosomal DNA

Abstract: Restriction site mutations in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were used to study variation within and phylogenetic relationships among seven of the 11 species of the genus Dendroseris, which is endemic to the Juan Fernandez Islands. Variation within a species was detected in only one instance. The monophyly of the genus is supported by three shared derived restriction site mutations in cpDNA. The molecular data indicate that subgenera Dendroseris and Phoenicoseris are holophyletic but the results are inconclusive with regard to the holophyly of subg. Rea. Restriction site mutations for cpDNA and rDNA do not resolve relationships among the subgenera because all mutations in Dendroseris either occur in single species or are common to species of the same subgenus. This suggests a rapid radiation of the subgenera following colonization of the island by their ancestor. Estimated divergence times calculated from cpDNA are less than 2.6 million years for all species of Dendroseris, which suggests that the genus was not an early colonizer on Masatierra. The genus Dendroseris D. Don. (Asteraceae: Lactuceae) is endemic to the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. With 11 species, Dendroseris is the most speciose genus in the archipelago (Sanders et al. 1987) but population sizes are very small for all species. With very rare exceptions, pop- ulations consist of five or fewer individuals. Growth forms in the genus range from palmi- form rosette trees to succulent rosette shrubs and sparingly branched trees. Diversity in growth form is paralleled by differences among species in leaf morphology and features of the capitula and florets. The rather spectacular dif- ferences among the species led Skottsberg (1951) to recognize four genera, but Stebbins (1953) recommended recognizing one genus to em- phasize the evolutionary unity of all the spe- cies. As now treated (Sanders et al. 1987), the genus consists of 11 species in three subgenera: subg. Dendroseris Skottsb. ((D. litoralis Skottsb., D. macrantha (Bertero & Dcne.) Skottsb., D. mac- rophylla D. Don, D. marginata (Bertero & Dcne.) Hook. & Arn.)), subg. Phoenicoseris Skottsb. (D. berteroana (Dcne.) Hook. & Arn., D. pinnata (Ber- tero ex. Dcne.) Hook. & Arn., D. regia Skottsb.); and subg. Rea (Bertero ex. Dcne.) Skottsb. (D. gigantea Johow, D. micrantha (Bertero ex. Dcne.) Hook. & Arn., D. neriifolia (Dcne.) Hook. & Arn.,

Taxonomy and distribution of the siwalik bovid

Abstract: A detailed systematics of the siwalik Bovids has been worked out as a result of which 20 genera and 33 species have been identified. Of these, 11 species are new to science. These are: Miotragoceurs dhokpathanensis, Pachyportax ginanteus, Selenoportax dhokpathanensis, S. tatrotensis Proamphibos, dhokawanensis, Bublus bathygnathus, Antilope intermedius, Gazella padriensis. 2. Status and position of the Siwalik and some non-Siwalik genera and species has been reviewed and the following changes have been made. i). Sterpsiportax has been synonymised with Miotragoceurs by Solounias( 1981) to which agree. ii). Sterpsiportax chinjiensis has been synonymised with the species .S. gluten. S. gluten has been transferred to the genus Miotragocerus. iii). Tragocerus rugosifrons is removed from Tragocerus and has been transferred to the genus Tragoportax. iv) Tragocerus browni, which had been transferred to Miotragocerus by Gentry (1974) and to Tragoportax by Solounias(1981) has been resurrected. v). Pachyportax latidens var . dhokpathanensis has been regarded as invalid. vi). Selenoportax lydekkeri which was considered doubtful by Gentry (1974) has been regarded as a valid species of the genus. vii) Protragocerus .gluten-praecox (pilgrim) gentry (1974) has been regarded invalid and Helicoportax praecox has been resurrected. viii). Helicoportax, which was synonymised with Protragocerus by gentry (1970), with Miotragocerus by Solounias (1981) has been resurrected. ix) Tragoportax islami which was considered by gentry (1970) to be doubtful, has been regarded as a valid species of the genus Tragoportax. x). The sub-genera Bison( Bison), B. (Simobison), B. (Superbison), B. (Platycerboison), B. (Giantobison) and B. (parabison) may be regarded as invalid and the genus Bison in treated as full genus. 3. The Following material is being described for the first time in following species. i). P2 M1 in Phachyportax latidens. ii). A fragment of the right horn-core in Ruticeros pugio. iii). P4-M1 in Bison sivalensis iv). M1 in Antilope subtorta. 4. Probable evolution, migration and extinction of the Siwalik forms have been discussed. The salient features are: i). Pachyportax originated in Siwalik region. Pachyportax nagrii has been regarded as the most primitive species of the genus. ii). Selenoportax originated in the Siwalik region and S. vexillarius has been regarded as the most primitive species of the genus. iii). Proamphibos originated in Siwalik region. P. lachrymans has been regarded as the most primitive species of the genus. iv). Bubalus originated in the Siwalik region. It is absent Europe and Africa. The hitherto referred material from Africa by Duvernoy(1851), Seeley (1891) and Lonnberg (1933) has been transferred t the genus Pelorovis by Gentry (1978) to which I agree. v). Bison originated in Asia probably in the Siwalik region. Bison crassicornis has been regarded as the most primitive species of the genus vi) Antilope originated in the Siwalik region and A. planiscornis is the most primitive species of the genus.

A new species of marsilea from the dakota formation in central kansas

Abstract: Discovery of compression/impression megafossil material from the Cenomanian (mid-Cretaceous) in Kansas documents the occurrence of the genus Marsilea during this age. Only vegetative material has been found as complete plants; associated structures that may be fertile structures could belong to the genus also. This new fossil species extends the megafossil record of the genus back to the mid-Cretaceous when previously only megaspores attributed to the family occurred during this time. The fossil record of the heterosporous aquatic fern families is reviewed with emphasis on the Marsileaceae.