Showing papers on "Genus published in 1993"

FAO species catalogue. v. 16: Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae)

Abstract: This is the sixteenth issue in the FAO series of worldwide annotated and illustrated catalogue of major groups of organisms that enter marine fisheries. It contains the 159 species in 15 genera known from the serranid subfamily Epinephelinae, including one species new to science. There is an introductory section with general remarks on habitat and fisheries of the family, a glossary of technical terms, an illustrated key to each genus and all species, and a detailed account for all species. Species accounts include an illustration of each species, scientific and vernacular, names, and information on habitat, biology, fisheries, size, relevant literature, and distribution. Following the species accounts are a list of nominal species in the subfamily, a table of species by major marine fishing areas, and colour plates. A list of all nominal species and their present allocations is given. The work is fully indexed and there is a comprehensive list of references to pertinent literature

Phylogenetic diversity of the genus Cytophaga revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing and menaquinone analysis

Abstract: Summary: To clarify the intra- and intergeneric relationships of the genus Cytophaga, 16S rRNA sequences and respiratory isoprenoid quinones were determined for the type strains of the 21 validly published species and one isolate in the genus Cytophaga. The sequence analysis revealed extreme heterogeneity of this genus, which diverged into nine distinct lines of descent. Each lineage of Cytophaga was characterized by possessing either menaquinone-6 (MK-6) or MK-7. The MK-6-possessing species were located in the two lineages that were remote from MK-7 species. One of the MK-6 lineages was composed only of terrestrial species and the other only of marine species. Flavobacterium aquatile, the type species of the genus Flavobacterium, was located in the MK-6 terrestrial lineage. The terrestrial Cytophaga species with MK-6 should be transferred to the genus Flavobacterium. The marine facultative anaerobes with MK-7 were located in the bacteroides branch, and possessed signature sequences with features intermediate between the bacteroides and the flavobacteria subdivisions. Cytophaga hutchinsonii, the type species of the genus Cytophaga, had a close relationship only with Cytophaga aurantiaca. The genus Cytophaga should be restricted to these two cellulose-degrading species. The genus Cytophaga is so heterogeneous that it should be divided into several genera and higher taxa in accordance with the phylogenetic relationships.

A new genus for Hesperomys molitor Winge and Holochilus magnus Hershkovitz (Mammalia, Muridae) : with an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships. American Museum novitates ; no. 3085

Abstract: ............................................ 2 Resumen ............................................. 2 Resumo ............................................. 3 Introduction ............................................. 3 Acknowledgments ............... .............................. 4 Materials and Methods ..................... ........................ 4 Lundomys, new genus ............... .............................. 5 Lundomys molitor (Winge, 1887) ............................................. 5 Comparisons With Holochilus .............................................. 11 External Morphology ................... ........................... 13 Cranium and Mandible ..................... ........................ 15 Dentition ............................................. 19 Viscera ............................................. 20 Phylogenetic Relationships ....................... ...................... 21 Character Definitions ................... .......................... 23 Results ............................................. 27 Phylogenetic Diagnosis and

A Revision of European Saxicolous Species of the Genus Buellia de not. and Formerly Included Genera

Abstract: A detailed taxonomic survey of the saxicolous European species of Buellia based on a detailed survey and assessment of the important features of the genus is presented. These include the conidia, the anatomy of the exciple, the spore wall pigmentation, ornamentation and internal wall thickening, as well as analysis of the lichen substances. As a result, 36 saxicolous species are recognized, of which Buellia griseosquamulata and B. longispora are new taxa and B. atrocinerella and B. parvula are new combinations. Buellia coniops, B. lecideina and B. punctata are transferred to the validated genus Amandinea. A key to 43 accepted species of Buellia, Amandinea and Hafellia is included.

Tineid Genera of Australia (Lepidoptera)

Abstract: The introductory chapters of this book give a detailed review of the phylogeny, morphology, classification and biology of Tineidae on a worldwide scale. Detailed morphological treatment of each genus is complemented by illustrations of wing patterns, head structure and head vestiture, venation, and male and female genitalia of representative species.

Middle Miocene fossil grasses from Fort Ternan, Kenya

Abstract: At the well-known fossil mammal locality of Fort Ternan in southwestern Kenya, radiometrically dated at about 14 million years old (middle Miocene), fossil grasses have been preserved by nephelinitic sandstone in place of growth above a brown paleosol (type Onuria clay). Large portions of grass plants as well as fragments of leaves have revealed details of silica bodies, stomates, and other taxonomically important features under the scanning electron microscope. The computer database for grass identification compiled by Leslie Watson and colleagues was used to determine the most similar living grass genera to the five distinct kinds of fossil found. Two of the fossil species are assigned to Cleistochloa kabuyis sp. nov. and C. shipmanae sp. nov. This genus includes one species from low fertility dry woodland soils of New South Wales and Queensland and a second species from “raw clay soils” in western New Guinea. A third fossil species, represented by a large portion of a branching culm, is assigned to Stereochlaena miocenica sp. nov. This genus includes five species of low-fertility woodland soils in southeastern Africa. Both Cleistochloa and Stereochlaena are in the supertribe Panicanae of the subfamily Panicoideae. A fourth species is assigned to Distichlis africana sp. nov. and provides a biogeographic link between the single species of this genus now living in coastal grasslands in southeastern Australia and the 12 species of dunes and deserts found throughout the Americas from Patagonia and the West Indies to the United States and Canada. A fifth species is, like D. africana, in the subfamily Chloridoideae, but its stomata were not seen and it could belong to Cyclostachya, Pogoneura, or Polevansia. This earliest known wooded grassland flora in Africa is taxonomically unlike the modern grass flora of fertile volcanic African landscapes, and may have been recruited from an archaic grass flora of Gondwanan desert and lateritic soils.

An account of Southern Australian Species of Mesophyllum (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta)

Abstract: Mesophyllum (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) is represented in southern Australia by at least four species. M. engelhartii and M. incisum have been reported from the region previously, M. macroblastum is newly recorded, and M. printzianum is newly described. Detailed accounts are provided for each species along with information on etymology, nomenclature and synonymy, collections examined, infraspecific taxonomy, and distribution, seasonality and habitat. Comparisons of southern Australian species with the type species of Mesophyllum, M. lichenoides, also are included. Of the nine additional entities that have been recorded from southern Australia under the generic name Mesophyllum, three (M. fumigatum, M. lemniscatum, M. versicolor) are considered heterotypic synonyms of M. engelhartii, three are referable to other genera of Corallinaceae (M. gabrielii to Lithothamnion; M. patena to Synarthrophyton; M. rupestre to Hydrolithon), two (M. lichenoides, M. neglectum) are based on misidentifications or questionable records, and one (M. squamuliforme) is treated as a species of uncertain status. Southern Australian specimens previously referred to Clathromorphum have been found to belong to Mesophyllum. As a prelude to the taxonomic accounts, a short historical introduction is provided along with a brief consideration of general morphological and anatomical features of Mesophyllum and a detailed analysis of characters that have been or could be used to delimit species within the genus. None of the at least 26 characters used by previous authors or the 34 quantitative characters examined during the present study were found to be of diagnostic value. By contrast, qualitative characters associated with tetrasporangial / bisporangial conceptacle roof morphology and anatomy have provided a reliable basis for delimiting the four southern Australian species from one another and from the type species of the genus, M. lichenoides. Concluding remarks, acknowledgments and references follow the taxonomic accounts.

Reexamination of the Ghost Shrimp Lepidophthalmus Louisianensis (Schmitt, 1935) From the Northern Gulf of Mexico and Comparison to L. Siriboia, New Species, From Brazil (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae)

Abstract: A complex of western Atlantic species has been confused in previous literature under the name Callianassa jamaicense Schmitt, 1935, a taxon assigned recently to the genus Lepidophthalmus Holmes, 1904. Members of this genus from the northern Gulf of Mexico have been treated as varieties or subspecies of the typical form or have been elevated to species rank without reanalysis of characters to justify that placement. Specimens from Brazil were formerly treated as typical representatives of C. "jamaicensis" (spelling as by Rodrigues, 1971) but with notation of some variations in morphology. Reexamination of both the northern Gulf of Mexico populations and those from Brazil establishes that populations in each of these localities are, while closely related to one another, distinguishable as separate species from Lepidophlhalmus jamaicense (Schmitt, 1935). Unique and consistent morphological characters of the eyestalks, maxillipeds, chelipeds, gonopods, uropods, carapace, and abdominal armature justify previous elevation of the varietal taxon for northern Gulf of Mexico populations to specific rank as L. louisianensis (Schmitt, 1935), and justify the recognition of a new species, L. siriboia, from the coast of Brazil.

A classification of the marine phytoplankton of the world from class to genus

Abstract: A classification of known marine phytoplanktonic organisms is presented. The list is arranged according to class, family and genus, and represents an updated review of extant genera included in the Atlas du Phytoplancton Marin. Nomenclature follows the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and the full authority citations are given at each taxonomic level. Intended for taxonomists, teachers and researchers, explanatory notes and references to previously published taxonomic studies are provided where necessary.

Herbidospora gen. nov., a New Genus of the Family Streptosporangiaceae Goodfellow et al. 1990

Abstract: Eight actinomycete strains originally isolated from soil and plant samples were studied to determine their taxonomic status. All isolates produced branching substrate mycelia, but no distinct aerial hyphae. Relatively short chains of nonmotile spores (10 to 30 spores per chain) were borne on the tips of sporophores arising directly from the agar surface. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates, with the exception of the menaquinone profile, coincided with those of members of the family Streptosporangiaceae Goodfellow, Stanton, Simpson, and Minnikin 1990. Furthermore, the results of a phylogenetic analysis performed with 5S rRNA support the conclusion that the isolates should be classified in this family. The isolates differed from members of the constituent genera of the Streptosporangiaceae in morphological characteristics and menaquinone composition. Therefore, we propose a new genus for the strains, Herbidospora. The type species and type strain are Herbidospora cretacea sp. nov. and strain K-319 (= JCM 8553), respectively.

Taxonomy and distribution of the marine calanoid copepod family Euchaetidae

Abstract: The marine calanoid copepod family Euchaetidae and its two genera, Euchaeta and Paraeuchaeta, are redefined. Fourteen species of Euchaeta and 61 species of Paraeuchaeta, including 13 new species, are described and their geographic ranges defined from specimens found in midwater trawl and plankton net samples collected throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. The species of Euchaeta are classified into three species groups - marina, concinna, and acuta groups - and an independent species, E spinosa; those of Paraeuchaeta were classified into six species groups malayensis, pavlovskii, norvegica, glacialis, hebes, and antarctica groups - and three independent species - P. biloba, P. bisinuata, and P. grandiremis. Each of the nine species groups is defined with detailed descriptions of its representative species and each of the four independent species that could not be grouped is also described in detail. Phylogenetic relationships among the species groups and independent species are discussed. Keys are presented for identification of the species groups in each genus and the species in each species group containing three or more species. The geographic distribution of the species groups and common species is discussed.

Larvae of Trichophya and phylogeny of the tachyporine group of subfamilies (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with a review, new species and characterization of the Trichophyinae

Abstract: . Larvae of the staphylinid subfamily Trichophyinae are described for the first time based on larvae of a new species of Trichophya from the southwestern United States. Adults and larvae of the new species, Trichophya texana Ashe & Newton (type locality Texas, Brewster Co., Big Bend National Park), are described and illustrations of both provided. Also given are a key for separation of the Nearctic species of Trichophya, a checklist of the known World fauna of the Trichophyinae (including first report of the genus from Mexico and Guatemala), and a characterization of the subfamily Trichophyinae based on both larvae and adults. The relationships of major genera and higher taxa in the tachyporine group of staphylinid subfamilies are analysed cladistically using larval characters. No larval characters were found that provide evidence for the monophyly of the tachyporine group; no evidence was found for the monophyly of the Tachyporinae; Charhyphus, Olisthaerus and Phloeocharis (Phloeocharinae + Olisthaerinae) form a monophyletic group; the Trichophyinae and Habrocerinae are sister groups and together probably are the sister group to the Aleocharinae; the Aleocharinae are confirmed to be monophyletic based on larval characters; and Gymnusa + Deinopsis form the sister group to the remainder of the Aleocharinae.

Notes on the Compositae of Bahia, Brazil. I

Abstract: Recent field work in Bahia State, Brazil, for the Florula of the Pico das Almas has yielded ten new species in six genera previously represented in the state (Agrianthus, Aspilia, Baccharis, Hoehnephytum, Mikania and Vernonia), one new species in a newly recorded genus for the state (Hieracium) and a new species in the recently described genus, Stenophalium, in which one additional combination is made. Some nomenclatural changes are presented resulting from preliminary work towards the Compositae of Bahia.

Comparative morphology and phylogeny of the family Thompsoniidae (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala, Akentrogonida), with descriptions of three new genera and seven new species

Abstract: Akentrogonid rhizocephalans morphologically resembling the genus Thompsonia are revised as a result of examination of new material. The species concerned are all obligatorily colonial and have ovoid or cylindrically shaped externae with a terminal stalk and a much reduced anatomy. A numerical cladistic analysis of all Rhizocephala Akentrogonida using the Hennig 86 program leads to a redefinition of the Thompsoniidae HOeg and Rybakov, 1992. Autapomorphies for the Thompsoniidae are primarily the morphology of the attachment to the host and the total absence of a mesentery. The cladistic analysis refutes that the Thompsoniidae should have a plesiomorphic morphology and branch off very low on the rhizocephalan phylogeny. The family now comprises four genera: Pottsia gen. n. (monotypic), Diplothylacus gen. n. with two species, Thompsonia Kossmann with five species. A revived and redefined Thylacoplethus Coutiere includes eight species. The genera are distinguished by the location of the spermatogenic tissue, the site where the eggs are fertilized, the presence or absence of a mantle pore and the way it is formed, the number or absence of oviducts, and the number of cuticular annuli on the stalk. All 16 species, of which six are new to science, are described when necessary, and, if possible, illustrated. A phylogeny for the redefined family is proposed. Thylacoplethus is morphologically closest to the hypothetically ancestral thompsoniid and is likely paraphyletic. The new genus Polysaccus with two species, one of them new to science, and the monotypic genus Pirusaccus Lutzen resemble thompsoniids in externa morphology and in being obligatorily colonial.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Anastrepha fraterculus

Abstract: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the most important fruit pests in Latin America. As currently defined, it is one of the most widely distributed (Mexico, Central and South America) and polyphagous species of the genus. It also presents one of the most difficult taxonomic problems due to morphological variability. In his revision of the genus, Stone (1942) stated that “in this part of the genus there is the greatest difficulty in determining specific limits”.

A Synopsis of Neotropical Plukenetia (Euphorbiaceae) including Two New Species

Abstract: A synopsis of the eleven neotropical species of Plukenetia (Euphorbiaceae) is given. The genus Plukenetia is redefined to include the neotropical monotypic genera Eleutherostigma and Vigin (previously known as Fragariopsis). As treated here Plukenetia may be distinguished from all other members of the tribe Plukenetieae by its four-carpellate ovary. Two new species, P. supraglandulosa from French Guiana and the Brazilian state of Amapa and P. stipellata from Mexico and Central America, are described and illustrated. Plukenetia supraglandulosa is closely allied with P. penninervia and P. multiglandulosa and differs in the presence of scattered laminar glands on the upper leaf surface and longer inflorescences. The three species share a very similar androecium of dimorphic stamens, which is correctly described for the first time. Plukenetia stipellata differs from the closely related South American and West Indian species, P. volubilis, by its stipellate leaf blade base, shorter styles and longer slender stamens. Two new combinations, P. serrata and P. lehmanniana, are proposed. A key to the 11 species in the Neotropics is provided.

Beta-Kappa-Carrageenans as Evidence for Continued Separation of the Families Dicranemataceae and Sarcodiaceae (gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

Abstract: The Dicranemataceae consists Of five species in four genera of macroscopic red algae endemic to the southern half of Australia plus a single species from southern Japan. Investigations of the nonfibrillar wall components of five of the six species show that all are composed mainly of hybrid (or mixed) beta (beta)/kappa (kappa)-type carrageenans. Detailed studies of Tylotus obtusatus (Sonder)J. Agardh show that it produces the largest dry-weight percentage of beta-carrageenan yet recorded. Monosaccharide composition, total sulfate content, sulfation Pattern revealed by infrared and C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and a positive specific optical rotation ([alpha]D +54-degrees) are indicative of a low-sulfate-containing carrageenan with gelling properties similar to those of agar and furcellaran. Beta-carrageenan is recorded in only five other red algal species belonging to relatively unrelated families, and we conclude that its uniform occurrence in the highly specialized family Dicranemataceae has phylogenetic significance. Chemical and anatomical examination of the genus Sarcodia, which produces lambda-type carrageenan in both its gametophytic and tetrasporophytic phases, suggests that, despite the recent proposal to incorporate the Dicranemataceae into the Sarcodiaceae, the two families should continue to be separated.

Systematic studies of the Costa Rican moss salamanders, genus Nototriton, with descriptions of three new species

Abstract: Study of allozyme variation, external morphology, and osteology reveals that there are more species of moss salamanders (genus Nototriton) in Costa Rica than the two currently recognized. The three species for which names are available are valid, and new diagnoses are presented for them; three additional species are described. The phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the six species are investigated. The radiation of Nototriton in present-day Costa Rica has involved miniaturization accompanied by both morphological and ecological specialization. Costa Rican species inhabit moss-mats and leaf-litter; most of the remaining species in the genus are bromeliad-dwellers. The revised genus Nototriton includes two Mexican, one Guatemalan (another, detected in the present study, remains undescribed), two Honduran, and six Costa Rican species. The six Costa Rican species appear to form a monophyletic group, but the phylogenetic relationships of the two northern species groups to each other and to the southern group remain uncertain.