Showing papers on "Ginseng published in 1988"

Ginseng--is there a use in clinical medicine?

Abstract: Panax ginseng occupies an important place among the tonic remedies of Oriental medicine. Pharmacological investigations show that crude ginsenosides can increase non-specific resistance of an organism to various untoward influences. The effects of purified derived derivatives have only recently become better studied in immunological and cell growth studies in animals and in man. This has now provided some evidence to suggest that ginseng is a drug that contains many derivatives with different pharmacological properties, which could be useful in clinical medicine.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of acidic saponins of ginseng and related plants

Abstract: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the glucuronide saponin (ginsenoside-Ro) and malonyl-saponins (malonyl-ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc and -Rd) in ginseng root was investigated. Separation of these acidic saponins as well as the major neutral saponins could be achieved by HPLC either on an octadecyl silica column or on an amino column by using aqueous acetonitrile containing KH2PO4 (the former column) or H3PO4 (the latter column) as the mobile phase. By means of this procedure, the contents of acidic and neutral saponins of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium (American ginseng), P. japonicus collected in South Kyushu, P. notoginseng (Sanchiginseng) and Panax species collected at central Nepal were determined and compared.

Analysis of Saponins of Wild Panax ginseng

Abstract: The composition and contents of neutral and acidic saponins of Chinese and Japanese wildginseng were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and two-dimensional thin layerchromatography. There was no significant difference in the major saponins between wild andcultivated specimens. It is noteworthy that the content of ginsenoside-Ro, the glucuronide saponinof oleanolic acid, is remarkably high in the rhizome and main root of Chinese wild ginseng.

A New Cytotoxic Chlorine-Containing Polyacetylene from the Callus of Panax ginseng

Abstract: A new chlorine-containing polyacetylene (3) and panaxydol (4) have been isolated from the callus of Panax ginseng, The structure of 3 was confirmed by its 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. The new acetylene exhibited growth inhibition against leukemia cells (L-1210) in tissue culture.

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer: Micropropagation and the In Vitro Production of Saponins

Abstract: The Oriental people traditionally use ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) roots and extracts for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatment. Brekhman and Dardymov (1969) reported the plant to possess anabolic, adaptogenic, antistress, hypothermic, central nervous system stimulation, radio-protective, antibiotic, minor hyperglycemic, and anticancer activity. The Korean workers Oh et al. (1969) and Hong et al. (1969) have reported that in mice the saponin fractions potentiate nembutal hypnosis, retard the onset of cocaine-induced convulsions, reduce body temperature, and enhance sexual behavior.

Solubilization of saponins of Bupleuri radix with ginseng saponins: cooperative effect of dammarane saponins.

Abstract: It has been found that the water solubilities of saikosaponins, the active principles of Bupleuri radix, are greatly increased in the presence of ginsenoside-Ro, the glucuronide bisdesmoside of oleanolic acid of Ginseng. No solubilizing effect was observed with the neutral dammarane Saponins of Ginseng. However, the solubilizing effect of ginsenoside-Ro was significantly potentiated in the presence of the dammarane saponins of 20 ( S)-protopanaxadiol. The relationship between the solubilizing effect and the structure of ginsenoside-Ro was also investigated, elucidating the important role of the glucuronide moiety.

Saponins (Ginseng Saponins)

Abstract: Publisher Summary Saponins are glycosidic compounds occurring abundantly in the plant kingdom. Some saponins have the ability to hemolyze blood cells and form insoluble complexes with cholesterol. Being glycosidic plant products, the saponins are composed of a parent compound and a variable sugar component. Saponins are classified as—Triterpene glycosides, Spirostanol glycosides, and Steroidal alkaloid glycosides. This chapter describes progress in the saponin production by Korean ginseng cell cultures. It further describes the relationship between saponin production and growth in various cell cultures and differentiated tissues of P. ginseng. The saponin content in various calli and differentiated tissues is determined using thin layer chromatography method. The chapter also highlights the effects of plant growth regulators and light on saponin production and growth in static cultures. It also demonstrates the effects of various culture conditions on saponin production and growth in suspension cultures.

Effects of radioprotective ginseng protein on UV induced sister chromatid exchanges

Abstract: To elucidate the reaction mechanism of ginseng protein on its antiradiation activity, its effects were studied on sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by UV irradiation in CHO-Kl cells. When cells were irradiated with 254 nm UV light at the dose of 0 to 80 erg/mm2, the frequencies of SCE were increased more than two fold. However, when radio-protective ginseng protein was added to the cells before and after UV irradiation, SCE frequencies were decreased significantly at all UV doses in both cases with no significant differences. As the amount of ginseng protein was varied from 100 to 500 μg/ml, with UV irradiation at 60 erg/mm2, SCE frequencies dropped sharply at the first two concentrations and then reached a sort of plateau in both cases of pre-and post-treatment. When the ginseng protein was treated alone without UV irradiation, there were no changes in SCE frequencies no matter when the protein was added. These results suggest that the ginseng protein could reduce DNA damages, which may play an important role in the reaction mechanism of radioprotective activity of the protein.

Nutrition assistant food

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled food easy to drink and containing stabilized components, by adding concentrated liquid of flower fruit of Panax ginseng and an extract of Donariella sarina to a liquid mixture containing concentrated extract of the rhizome of Panax ginseng, pure powder of royal jelly and wheat embryo oil and encapsulating the obtained mixture in a soft capsule. CONSTITUTION:A liquid mixture composed mainly of the concentrated liquid of the rhizome of Panax ginseng, pure powder of royal jelly and wheat embryo oil is added with concentrated liquid of the flower fruit of Panax ginseng having higher saponin content than the above concentrated liquid of the rhizome of Panax ginseng by 50% and an extract of Donariella sarina which is a natural product having the highest beta-carotene content. The obtained liquid mixture is encapsulated in a soft capsule to provide the objective food.

A thiazole and two β-carboline constitutents fromPanax ginseng

Abstract: From the ether soluble alkaloidal fraction ofPanax ginseng, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, norharman and harman were isolated. 4-Methyl-5-thiazoleethanol was isolated for the first time from natural resources.

Studies on the constituents of dwarf ginseng

Abstract: Phytochemical study of the leaves of Panax trifolius L. resulted in the isolation of two flavonoids and four ginsenosides. The two flavonoids were found to be kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnoside and kaempferol-3-gluco-7-rhamnoside. The four ginsenosides were identified as ginsenoside —Rd, —Rc, —Rb3 and notoginsenoside-Fe. The common aglycones of these flavonoids and ginsenosides were shown to be kaempferol and (20S)-protopanaxadiol, respectively.

Distinctive effect of ginseng saponins on development of morphine tolerance in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens

Abstract: Studies on the effect of ginseng saponins on the development of tolerance to morphine have been carried out using isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD). Incubation of GPI preparation with morphine resulted in the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effect of morphine on the electrically evoked contractions. Ginseng total saponins and one of the constituents, protopanaxatriol saponin, suppressed the development of morphine tolerance in a concentration dependent manner in GPI preparation, though another constituent, protopanaxadiol saponin, did not affect the tolerance development substantially. In the MVD preparation, the development of tolerance to the morphine effect was observed as well, but none of the ginseng saponins affected it. It has been well established that electrically evoked contractions of GPI and MVD are mediated by acetylcholine and norepinephrine, respectively, and presumably their release is regulated presynaptically by opioid receptors. The fact that ginseng saponins suppressed the development of morphine tolerance only in the GPI preparation suggest that the inhibitory effect is mediated through an effect on the cholinergic system, without the involvement of direct action on opioid receptors.

Glycoprotein of panax ginseng and use thereof

Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:A glycoprotein derived from panax ginseng having about 20,000-110,000 molecular weight and sugar constructing sugar part selected from arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, etc. USE: Used for sthenic agent of biophylaxis properties. PREPARATION: For instance, half-dried panax ginseng as a dried substance of panax ginseng is extracted with methanol and the residue is extracted with water, then ethanol in three times amount of said water-extract is added to said water-extract, thus generated precipitate is subjected to dialysis to obtain inner solution of dialysis. Next, said solution is passed through a column filled with gel permeating agent and performed of column chromatography, then fractionated with gradient of NaCl concentration. Resultant fraction of 0.017% NaCl concentration is further subjected to column chromatography and purified to afford glycoprotein of panax ginseng. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio

Effects of polyacetylene compounds from panax ginseng c. a. meyer on ccl 4 -induced lipid peroxidation in mouse liver

Abstract: The inhibitory effect of three polyacetylene compounds, panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on induced lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by ADP-, NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were investigated. Their effects on lowering the lipid peroxide levels both in serum and liver and lowering the serum enzyme (GOT, GPT, LDH) activities without the -induction were also determined. Male ICR mice were pretreated i.p. with polyacetylene compounds or DL--tocopherol before administration of i.p. and 20 hr after the administration of serum and liver were analyzed. Hepatic microsome was isolated and used for the in vitro NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation system. Except for panaxynol, treatment with polyacetylenes to control mice did not reduce the levels of lipid peroxides and serum enzyme activities. Panaxynol itself inhibited lipid peroxidation in the liver of normal mice. Polyacetylene compounds protected from the -induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and lowered serum lipid peroxide levels. Polyacetylenes also inhibited the in virto hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol seem to be the antioxidant components which contribute the anti-aging activities of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

Method for inducing medicinal ginseng having hairy root

Abstract: PURPOSE:To induce hairy root containing saponin, etc., in a high content, by infecting medicinal ginseng calluses with Agrobacterium.rhizogenes belonging to the genus Agrobacterium and introducing an Ri plasmid of the above- mentioned Agrobacterium rhizogenes into the afore-mentioned calluses. CONSTITUTION:Sterilized slices of root, stem, etc., of a medicinal ginseng plant body, such as Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, Panax guinquefolium L., Panax notoginseng Burkill or Eleutherococcus senticosus, are bedded on a nutrient agar culture medium containing plant hormones, etc., to form calluses, which are then subjected to subculture and stabilized. The resultant calluses are subsequently treated with cellulase, etc., to dissolved cell walls. The obtained calluses are then brought into contact with a bacterium belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, such as Agrobacterium.rhizogenes, to introduce an Ri plasmid of the above-mentioned bacterium into the calluses. The resultant infected calluses are subsequently cultivated in a culture medium to provide a hairy root, which is aseptically subcultured to produce saponin, etc.

Extract powder of ginseng and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled powder having low hydroscopicity and suppressed bitter and puckery taste and containing relatively high concentration of a gin seng extract, by adding a degradation product of starch containing cyclodextrin to the extract of ginseng and drying and powdering the extract product. CONSTITUTION:Cyclodextrin and/or a degradation product of starch containing cyclodextrin is added to extract of ginseng extracted from Panax ginseng, Panax japonicus or a product obtained by cultivation of these tissues and dried and powdered to provide the aimed powder containing =20wt% cyclodextrin.

Circadian changes in the pharmacological effects of red ginseng saponins in mice

Abstract: Pharmacological effects of the saponins extracted from root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Chinese red ginseng; GS) were studied with adult male mice standardized to 12h of light (from 07:30 to 19 : 30) alternating with 12 h of darkness. Functional activities were assessed every 4 h within 24 h. The levels of serum corticosterone, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the whole brain as well as the contents of glycogen. glucose, DNA, RNA and protein in the liver exhibited circadian variations. After administration of GS at the dose of 70 mg/kg (ip) to mice the serum corticosterone rose dramatically from 73 + 17 to 518 + 71 yg/L at the beginning of light span (peak) but it only increased 88 vg/L at the beginning of dark span (trough). ip administration of GS (100 mg/kg) accelerated the syntheses of DNA, RNA and protein, had no effect to glucose, but depleted the content of glycogen in the liver. Circadian patterns of hepatic DNA, RNA and glycogen almost paralled to that of control mice. The maximal and significant changes from control levels of glycogen DNA, RNA or protein occurred at 12 :00, 16 : 00. 00:00, or 20 :00, respectively. Ip treatment with GS 200 mg/kg to mice increased the level of 5-HT which had a circadian pattern approximatly similar to that of serum corticosterone; it increased the level of 5-HIAA at 08:00 and 16:00 but decreased at 20:00. To conclude, the pharmacological effects of GS showed a circadian stage-dependent changes, and the range of those changes may be related to the control levels in many cases.

Effects of ginseng protein on relative survival and chromosome aberration of UV irradiated cells

Abstract: A ginseng protein fraction which has been reported to have radiation protective effect was purified from Korean ginseng and its effects on relative survival and chromosome aberration were studied in UV irradiated CHO-K1 cells. When the protein fraction (100 μg/ml) was added to the cells before UV irradiation at 4 J/m2, the survival rates were increased to 53.8% from 40.6% in control. Addition of the protein (100 μg/ml) after UV irradiation at 4 and 8 J/m2 raised the rates to 85.4 and 24.0% from 79.2 and 11.5% in control, respectively. When the ginseng protein (800 μg/ml) was added to the cells exposed to UV light at 10, 20, 30 J/m2, the frequencies of chromosome aberration (CA) were reduced significantly to almost same level regardless of the UV dose increment and there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment. When the concentration of ginseng protein was increased from 200 to 800 μg/ml, at UV dose of 10, 20, 30 J/m2 each, the CA frequencies were decreased consistently as the dose of ginseng protein increased, at all UV doses tested. Similar effects were observed in both cases of pre- and post-treatment. The data suggest that the protein may reduce cell damage caused by UV light, especially damage to DNA molecule, or play a role in repair processes of damaged DNA, to increase cell survival and reduce chromosome aberrations.