Showing papers on "Glucose Measurement published in 1990"

Non-invasive measurement of blood glucose

Abstract: Near-infrared quantitative analysis instruments (170) non-invasively measure blood glucose by analyzing near-infrared energy following interactance with venous or arterial blood, or transmission through a blood containing body part. A replaceable cartridge (195) stores data unique to an individual patient/user. The analysis instruments (170) are accurate and readily lend themselves to at-home testidiabetics. A method is also disclosed for easily and reliably custom calibrating near-infrared quantitative analysis instruments including obtaining a plurality of blood samples and blood glucose level measurements thereof at a predetermined time interval. These values are entered into the analysis instrument. Near-infrared optical measurements of the individual are simultaneously taken using the analysis instrument at another predetermined time interval. Calibration regression analysis is performed on the data to custom calibrate the analysis instrument which involves linearly interpolating the blood sample glucose measurements with the near-infrared optical recordings.

Glucose measurement control reagent and method of making the same

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-serum based control reagent for glucose determination. Rather than using modified serum, the control reagent contains water, glucose, and the viscosity agent polystyrene sulphonate. The control reagent may also contain a buffer, preservatives, surfactants or surface active agents. A method of making the control reagent is also disclosed.

Glucose measurements by electrocatalytic sensor in the extracorporeal blood circulation of a sheep

Abstract: Glucose tolerance tests are monitored by means of an electrocatalytic glucose sensor in an animal experiment in extracorporeal circulation. The sensor is integrated via a vascular graft into an artery of the animal and is operated by the load program of an electronic device. The measurement principle of the electrocatalytic glucose sensor is based on the measurement of the electrode impedance at various potentials. Using the sensor, it is possible to carry out one continuous glucose determination on each day over a week. A calibration applicable to the entire measurement period is found by subsequent correlation of the measured values with the enzymatically determined glucose concentration. In this experiment the measuring error of the sensor is on average 20%.

Fructosamine: How Useful Is It?

Abstract: The goal of laboratory medicine is to provide laboratory tests that are useful to physicians in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of their patients. The best laboratory medicine also encompasses participating in the care of patients by ensuring that these laboratory tests are wisely used. Probably the earliest example of the application of laboratory medicine to health care is the glucose test, which is necessary to diagnose diabetes mellitus and to guide its treatment and management. As the glucose concentration in blood can fluctuate widely in diabetic patients, a laboratory test capable of providing an indicator of glucose control with a single monthly measurement would be advantageous. The newest approach to meet this objective is determination of glycated proteins, or “fructosamine.” This article will review what fructosamine is, how it is measured, and how it is being applied in the care of patients with diabetes. It will also make some concluding recommendations about whether fructosamine is a useful test and, if so, what clinical laboratories ought to do about it.

Effect of delay in separating plasma for glucose measurement upon the interpretation of oral glucose tolerance tests.

Abstract: Additional key phrases: blood glucose loss: glycolysis with NaF: misinterpretation of OGTT Blood specimens for glucose determination should be processed immediately. However, some delay is usually unavoidable. Therefore it is usual to employ a preservative such as sodium fluoride (NaF) to inhibit glycolysis. NaF is reportedly the best chemical preservative.' However, it has been shown that the blood glucose concentration declines on average by approximately O'5 mmoljL over a 2-4 h period, with the main decrease occurring during the first hour.' Such decline may lead to errors in diagnosis. We have examined the effect of delayed measurement of glucose on the interpretation of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). One hundred consecutive OGTTs (using a 75 g glucose dose) were studied. Blood samples were collected in commercial fluoride tubes (Product No. 41.1394.005 from Sarstedt Ltd, Beaumont Ley, Leicester, UK). Our normal practice is to send all specimens (0, I and 2 h) in one batch to the laboratory. In our experience, it may take up to 4 h for the specimen to reach the laboratory via the routine transport service of the hospital. Therefore the time interval between collection of the blood sample and separation of plasma varies from 0 to 4 h for the '2 h specimen' and 2-6 for the '0 h specimen'. In order to examine the effect of this delay an aliquot of all blood samples was centrifuged immediately and the plasma separated for glucose analysis. A second aliquot was sent to the laboratory, according to our normal practice. Thus, for each patient two sets of OGTT results were obtained; OGTT result A from samples processed immediately and OGTT result B from samples measured routinely. These were then classified according to the revised World Health Organization] and the American National Diabetes Data Group (NDDGt criteria into normal, diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose rolerance and non-diagnostic.

Transfer of Glucose Measurements Outside the Laboratory

Abstract: Recent advances in technology have made it possible to meet the demand for rapid turnaround time of laboratory results by making the testing equipment accessible to nonlaboratory personnel. It is imperative that such testing, ie, nurses analyzing glucose at the patient’s bedside, be organized and monitored by the clinical pathology laboratory consistent with the requirements of various regulatory groups. An alternative program utilizing laboratory personnel involves use of a mobile cart for the analysis of glucose in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Both types of programs have been successfully implemented at a large suburban hospital.

Misleading capillary glucose measurements

Abstract: Glucose reagent strips are routinely used to monitor capillary glucose concentrations in patients in whom there is a risk of significant fluctuation of blood glucose. This method is regarded as being safe, rapid and accurate especially at the lower limits of glucose measurement. We report on three cases which highlight a particular clinical situation in which this form of glucose monitoring may be inaccurate, and may lead to inappropriate administration of glucose.

Problems with the use of whole blood as a sample material in novel direct glucose analysers.

Abstract: We report a marked shift in whole-blood glucose measurements when a widely available glucose analyser is used. We compared a conventional glucose dehydrogenase (GDHG) method after protein precipitation and a direct polarographic method in conjunction with immobilized glucose oxidase. The polarographic method gave mean whole blood glucose levels from 79% to 95% of those measured by the GDHG method. No such difference was found in either plasma or serum samples or in water-based control samples. The stability of glucose in fluoride oxalate tubes appears to be poorer than is usually assumed. We observed a 5-10% decrease in whole-blood glucose concentrations during the first hour after sampling under routine conditions.