Showing papers on "Glycidyl methacrylate published in 1994"

Graft‐copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto cotton cellulose

Abstract: Glycidyl methacrylate was graft-copolymerized onto cotton cellolose using both photo-and chemical-initiation techniques using different initiators The photoinitiators used were uranyl nitrate, ceric ammonium nitrate, and benzoin ethyl ether, whereas the chemical initiators used were ceric ammonium nitrate and potassium persulfate Optimization of various parameters of grafting, viz, time, temperature, initiator, and monomer concentrations, was carried out Ceric ammonium nitrate gave the maximum and almost identical values of graft add-on, by both grafting techniques, at equivalent cocentration of the monomer Use of optimized conditions of ceric ammonium nitrate-photoinitiated grafting for sodium hydroxide-swollen substrate as well as for grafting baths incorporating acids enhanced the graft level © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Surface modification of polyethylene fiber by graft polymerization

Abstract: To improve the wettability and adhesion, graft polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was performed onto the surface of ultra-high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fiber pretreated with Ar plasma. Following the plasma treatment and the subsequent exposure to air to introduce peroxides onto the fiber surface, graft polymerization onto the UHMPE fiber was allowed to proceed from the polymer peroxides either in deaerated monomer solution at an elevated temperature (degassing method), or in aerated monomer solution containing riboflavin at 30°C under UV irradiation (photoinduction method). The monomer solution was prepared from water and dioxane for AAm and GMA, respectively. After rigorous removal of homopolymers, surface analysis of the grafted fibers was performed with ATR-FTIR and XPS, which revealed that PAAm and PGMA chains were grafted in the surface region of fibers. The grafting rate of PAAm by the photoinduction method was much higher than that by the degassing method when compared at the same concentration of the AAm solution. The amount of PGMA grafted was greatly affected by UV irradiation time, but depended on plasma treatment time to an insignificant extent if the treatment was carried out for longer than 30 s. Reaction of propylamine with the PGMA-grafted surface resulted in the appearance of a nitrogen peak in the XPS spectrum, suggesting the presence of epoxy groups on the surface of PGMA grafted fiber. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The influence of inert component composition on the porous structure of glycidyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers

Abstract: The influence of the content of inert component in monomer phase on the parameters of porous structure (specific pore volume, Vs, specific surface area, Ss, total porosity, P, pore size distribution and pore diameter dp) of the copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate, GMA, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, EGDMA, obtained by suspension polymerization has been studied. The content of standard inert component (cyclohexanol/dodecanol) was changed by substituting dodecanol with one of the aliphatic alcohols with 4, 8, 10, 14 or 16 C-atoms and by varying the ratio of aliphatic alcohol in inert component. The results obtained showed that it was possible by changing type and ratio of aliphatic alcohol in inert component to influence the parameters of pore structure of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) copolymers significantly and that by using tetradecanol or hexadecanol it was possible to obtain these copolymers with pore diameters larger than 200 nm. Der Einflus der Zusammensetzung der Inertkomponente in der Monomerphase bei der Suspensionscopolymerisation von Glycidylmethacrylat (GMA) und Ethylenglycoldimethacrylat (EGDMA) auf die Porositatseigenschaften (das spezifische Porenvolumen VS, die spezifische Oberflache SS, die totale Porositat P, die Porengrosenverteilung und die Porendurchmesser dp) von makroporosem Poly(GMA-co- EGDMA) wurde untersucht. Die Zusammensetzung der ublichen Inertkomponente (Cyclohexanol/Dodecanol) wurde dabei so variiert, das an Stelle von Dodecanol verschiedene Anteile primarer Alkohole mit 4, 8, 10, 14 oder 16 C-Atomen eingesetzt wurden. Die Untersuchungen bestatigen, das die Anderung des Anteils und der Art des primaren Alkohols in der Inertkomponente die Porositatseigenschaften des makroporosen Poly(GMA-co- EGDMA) erheblich beeinflussen, und das man bei der Anwendung von Tetradecanol oder Hexadecanol praktisch makroporoses Poly(GMA-co- EGDMA) mit Porendurchmessern uber 200 nm herstellen kann.

Reduction of nonselective adsorption of proteins by hydrophilization of microfiltration membranes by radiation-induced grafting.

Abstract: Alcoholic hydroxyl groups were introduced into a polyethylene microfiltration (MF) membrane by radiation-induced graft polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), vinyl acetate (VAc), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Subsequently, the VAc- and GMA-grafted membranes were quantitatively hydrolyzed into monool (single hydroxyl) and diol groups, respectively. The pure water flux of the modified membrane and the saturation capacity of bovine gamma-globulin onto the membrane were determined as a function of alcoholic hydroxyl group density. The threshold value for hydrophilization ranged between 5 and 7 mol of alcoholic hydroxyl group per kilogram of original MF membrane. Masking of the polyethylene surface with grafted polymer branches containing the diol groups was effective because approximately 70% of the pure water flux of the original MF membrane was maintained. Irrespective of the pore diameter of the original MF membrane, saturation capacities on the modified membrane correlated well with the diol group density. Saturation capacities of bovine gamma-globulin and bovine serum albumin were reduced to 1 mg/m2 of the membrane. In addition, the binding interaction changed from irreversible to reversible.

Synthesis of graft copolymers having phospholipid polar group by macromonomer method and their properties in water

Abstract: Water-soluble graft copolymers with phospholipid polar group were synthesized by the macromonomer method and their properties in water were investigated by surface tension and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. At first, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was polymerized in the presence of 3-mercapt propionic acid as a chain transfer agent and carboxyl group-terminated oligo (MPC) was obtained. The oligo (MPC) reacted with glycidyl methacrylate to convert the carboxyl group to a polymerizable methacryloyl group. The MPC macromonomer obtained was copolymerized with hydrophobic n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and a graft copolymer was obtained. The graft copolymer, poly(MPC-graft-BMA), was water-soluble when the MPC unit mole fraction was above 0.40. The surface tension of the aqueous solution of poly(MPC-graft-BMA) did not depend on the polymer concentration below 0.1 wt %. This tendency was the same as that which appeared in aqueous poly(MPC) solution. The fluorescence intensity of hydrophobic probes observed in an aqueous solution of the poly (MPC-graft-BMA) was also the same level as that observed in the case of poly(MPC). These results clearly indicated that the poly(MPC-graft-BMA) took a domain structure like micelle in water, i.e., the hydrophobic poly(BMA) backbone was in the core part and the hydrophilic poly(MPC) chain formed the shell part of the micelle. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Aqueous crosslinkable resin composition

Abstract: An aqueous crosslinking resin composition comprising (I) an aqueous resin dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture consisting of (a) 2 to 50% by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, (b) 0.5 to 60% by weight of a carbonyl-containing unsaturated monomer containing at least one carbonyl group based on an aldo group or a keto group, and (c) the remainder of at least one monomer(s) selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety thereof, glycidyl methacrylate, glycol mono- or diacrylates, glycol mono- or dimethacrylates, aromatic vinyl compounds, vinyl halides, vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, saturated carboxylic acid vinyl esters, unsaturated carboxylic acid amides, N-alkyl and/or N-alkylol compounds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides, unsaturated sulfonic acids, and hydroxyl-containing unsaturated compounds, and (II) a hydrazine compound having at least two hydrazino groups (--NHNH2) per molecule, with the molar ratio of the hydrazino group in said hydrazine compound (II) to the carbonyl group in the resin of said aqueous resin dispersion (I) being from 0.05 to 5, and with the resin content in the aqueous resin dispersion (I) having been solubilized to a degree of at least 5% by weight by addition of sufficient amount of an alkali and/or water miscible organic solvent. The resin composition easily undergoes a crosslinking reaction at room temperature to provide a crosslinked film having excellent adhesion to a substrate, well-balanced resistance to water and solvents, excellent whitening resistance, and hardness.

Thermal crosslinking of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) films and epoxy resin films using amines formed by photolysis of O‐acyloximes

Abstract: Insolubilization of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) and epoxy resins by amines formed by the photolysis of several O-acyloximes under air were investigated. The order of insolubilization rates of PGMA by monofunctional O-acyloximes was the same as that of the yields of amine. Bifunctional O-acyloximes were more effective than the monofunctional ones

Matte powder coating of carboxyl polyester and glycidyl acrylic copolymer

Abstract: A powdered thermosetting composition comprising as binder a mixture of a linear carboxyl group-containing polyester and a glycidyl group-containing acrylic copolymer is described The polyester has an acid number of 20 to 50 mg KOH/g and the acrylic copolymer is obtained from 5% to 30% by weight of glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate and 70% to 95% by weight of methyl methacrylate, whereby up to 25% by weight of the methyl methacrylate can be replaced by another vinyl monomer, said acrylic copolymer having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from about 4,000 to about 10,000 This composition is particularly useful for the preparation of powdered paints and varnishes which can be applied with an electrostatic spray gun and cured at a temperature of from about 160° to 210° C to produce matte finishes of excellent quality

Terminal-modifed polyolefins

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide such a polyolefin that only the terminal of polypropylene or ethylene-propylene random copolymer is modified with a (meth)acrylic derivative unit to give a substantially monodipersed system. The feature thereof consists in such a polyolefin that the terminal of polypropylene or ethylene-propylene random copolymer obtained by living polymerization is modified with a (meth)acrylic derivative unit. As the (meth)acrylic derivative, there are used vinyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylsiloxyethyl methacrylate, 2-trimethylsiloxypropyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid chloride and like.

Novel aromatic dimethacrylate esters as dental resins

Abstract: The preparation of a novel class of dimethacrylate esters, by the reaction of glycidyl methacrylate with various phthalic acid isomers and their halogen substituted derivatives is described: These monomers exhibited low viscosity, possessed similar physical and mechanical properties to bis GMA, and the presence of halogen introduced X-ray opacity into the polymer giving opacity similar to tooth enamel.

Self-Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Incorporation System. The Reaction of Copolymers Bearing an Epoxide and a Quaternary Ammonium Group with Carbon Dioxide

Abstract: Copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and N-benzyl-N-[2-(methacryloglyoxy)ethyl]N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (1b) were synthesized by radical copolymerization in acetonitrile using AIBN as an initiator to obtain copolymer-6 (GMA:1b=94:6) and copolymer-10 (GMA:1b=90:10), respectively. When copolymer-6 was reacted with CO 2 at 100°C in NMP for 24 h, 86% of the epoxide group was converted to the five-membered cyclic carbonate moiety by self-catalyzation. When the powder of copolymer-6 was exposed to CO 2 under an atmospheric pressure at 140°C for 500 min, incorporation of CO 2 into copolymer-6 was attained up to 76%

1,3,5-tris-(2-carboxyethyl) isocyanurate crosslinking agent for polyepoxide coatings

Abstract: Novel curable compositions based on carboxy/epoxy chemistry and cured coatings produced thereby are provided. The curable compositions employ 1,3,5-tris-(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate as the polybasic carboxylic acid crosslinker. The crosslinker is combined with a polyepoxide such as those obtained by copolymerizing glycidyl methacrylate with one or more epoxy-free olefinically-unsaturated monomers. The polyepoxide typically has a molecular weight of 1,000 to 30,000, an epoxy equivalent weight of 50 to 5,000, and a glass transition temperature of 10 °C to 120 °C. A cure catalyst such as triphenyl phosphine may also be used. Heat curing the compositions of the invention produces hard films useful as chip-, scratch- and mar-resistant coatings for automotive applications and as general use coatings for industrial applications.

Glass fiber sizing compositions and methods of using same

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sizing compositions for use on glass fibers which are used to reinforce lamination resins used in the formation of glass laminates The sizing compositions contain a low molecular weight, polymer latex prepared by polymerizing at least one monomer(s) selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, C 1 -C 18 alkyl esters of acrylic acid, C 1 -C 18 alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl esters of methacrylic acid, vinyl esters of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing up to 10 carbon atoms, (meth)acrylamide and their N-substituted derivatives, vinyl ethers, N-vinyl lactams, halogenated vinyl compounds, alkyl vinyl ketones, (meth)allyl ester of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, vinyl compounds such as vinyl pyrrole, olefins, diesters of itaconic, maleic and/or fumaric acid, and styrene The polymers have a molecular weight effective to provide both improved wettability of the glass fibers by the lamination resins and improved clarity of reinforced glass laminates prepared from the sized glass fibers and the lamination resins, when compared to sizing compositions known heretofore The invention is also directed to glass fibers treated with such compositions, and fiber-reinforced plastics prepared from such treated glass fibers

Syntheses and cured films properties of UV-autocurable BTDA-based multiacrylate resins

Abstract: A series of UV-autocurable 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid (BTAc)-based multiacrylate resins containing pendant glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or glycidyl acrylate (GA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were synthesized. The effects of the acrylic functional groups, the moles of GMA, and the molar ratio of HEMA/HEA on their properties were investigated. The prepared autocurable resins are cured rapidly when exposed to UV or sunlight radiation without addition of any photoinitiator or Photosensitizer and the acrylate-type resin resulted in a lower thermal curing temperature and a fast curing rate. Increasing the moles of GMA or the molar ratio of HEMA/HEA on reaction leads to a higher cross-linking density and resulted in film with a higher Young's modulus, breaking strength, and lower elongation. The methacrylate-type resin cured to a very hard, but brittle film with a higher Young's modulus and lower elongation. However, the acrylate-type resin cured to a hard tough film with a lower Young's modulus and higher elongation. The cured methacrylate-type resin results in a lower weight loss at temperature below 300°C due to a higher cross-linking density and lower residual weight percent at 600°C due to the lower percent of benzene rings in the resin. The film properties of the resins coated on steel plates were also investigated. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Improvements of fiberboard properties through fiber activation and subsequent copolymerization with vinyl monomer

Abstract: High-temperature refined thermomechanical pulp (MDF fiber) was dried, extracted with neutral organic solvent, and reacted with three types of electrophilic reagents (glycidyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and succinic anhydride). The adducts formed were further reacted in a hot press with a vinyl monomer in the presence of a free-radical initiator (benzoyl peroxide). Well-conformed boards were produced by the process. Modified boards showed significant improvement in thickness swelling as well as in strength properties compared to control phenol–formaldehyde boards. Glycidyl methacrylate modified/methyl methacrylate boards were the most stable toward the wet-and dry-exposure cycles, whereas succinic anhydride/methyl methacrylate boards showed the lowest water absorption. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Aqueous coating compositions based on room-temperature crosslinking latex.

Abstract: The aqueous coating composition according to the invention is based on latex of a polymer derived from the polymerisation of the following monomers: (a) acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate or acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate; (b) glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate; (c) one or a number of polymerisable acids containing ethylenic unsaturation and (d) one or more monomers copolymerisable with the above; in which the total percentage by weight of (a), (b) and (c) in the polymer latex composition is between approximately 2 % by weight and approximately 60 % by weight relative to the total quantity of solids contained in the latex and in which the total percentage by weight of (d) in the composition of the latex is between approximately 97 % by weight and approximately 40 % by weight relative to the total quantity of polymer solids contained in the latex. The aqueous compositions according to the invention can be employed especially in glues, pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions, industrial paints, decorative paints and coatings for wood.

Far-ultraviolet absorbent and method of forming pattern by using same

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a far-ultraviolet absorbent useful in the formation of a resist pattern by far-ultraviolet lithography and capable of forming an antireflection film capable of being mass-produced by mixing a specified compound with a specified anthracene derivative and a solvent. CONSTITUTION:This absorbent comprises a compound having at least one glycidyl group in the molecule [e.g. poly(methyl methacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate/2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate)], at least one anthracene derivative represented by formula I (wherein X is -O-SO2-,-O-CO- or -CO-; R and R are each H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or OH; R to R are each R or a group of formula II and at least one of them is a group of formula II, provided that a compound of formula I (wherein the groups of formula II are simultaneously at the positions 1, 8 and 9 of the anthracene ring) is excluded) and a solvent therefor (e.g. tetraflufuryl alcohol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate).

Acrylic copolymer and thermosetting coating composition produced by using the copolymer

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a thermosetting coating composition containing an acrylic copolymer having carboxyl group and hydroxyl group and an acrylic copolymer having epoxy group, exhibiting excellent storage stability and low-temperature curability and giving a coating film having high solvent resistance and non-sand recoatability. CONSTITUTION:This thermosetting coating composition having excellent storage stability and low-temperature curability, giving a coating film having excellent solvent resistance and non-sand recoatability and useful e.g. for the top clear coating of automobile, etc., can be produced by compounding (A) an acrylic copolymer having carboxyl group and hydroxyl group and prepared by the copolymerization of acrylic acid, itaconic acid, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, styrene, n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc., in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile with (B) an acrylic copolymer having an epoxy group and prepared by the copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, styrene, n-butyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate, etc., in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile.

Solid-state catalytic incorporation of carbon dioxide into oxirane—polymer. Conversion of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) to carbonate-polymer under atomospheric pressure

Abstract: Carbon dioxide has been incorporated into a film of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) containing alkali metal or quaternary ammonium halide under an atmospheric pressure.

Free radical grafting of monomers onto polypropylene resins

Abstract: A method of free radical grafting of monomers onto a polypropylene resin includes: (i) mixing the polypropylene resin with an allylepoxy compound, a styrenic compound and a peroxide as an initiator, (ii) heating the mixture to a temperature which is higher than the melting point of the polypropylene resin and the decomposition temperature of the peroxide, at conditions of continuous mixing until a desired degree of grafting of the allylepoxy compound and the styrenic compound onto the polypropylene resin has been achieved, and (iii) cooling and comminuting the obtained composition. A grafted polypropylene composition provided by the method includes an amount of glycidyl methacrylate of 0 to 10% by weight and an amount of styrene of 0 to 10% by weight, calculated on the polypropylene resin. The composition may be used as a compatibilizer in the manufacturing of polymer blends, as a polymer adhesion promoter, and in articles which require an improved printability.

Thermoplastic resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a thermoplastic resin composition excellent in low- temperature impact resistance by mixing a polybutylene naphthalenedicarboxylate with a copolymer of an alkyl acrylate with glycidyl methacrylate. CONSTITUTION:This resin composition comprises 99-70wt.% polybutylene naphthalenedicarboxylate and 1-30 pts.wt. copolymer consisting of 95-75wt.% alkyl acrylate and 5-25 wt.% glycidyl methacrylate. The composition may further contain 2-150 pts.wt., per 100 pts.wt. composition, inorganic filler, 3-30 pts.wt. flame retardant and 0-20 pts.wt. flame retardant aid. This inorganic filler is used mainly for the purpose of obtaining a molding excellent in mechanical strengths, heat resistance, dimentional stability, electrical properties, etc. The flame retardant is added in order to render the composition flame-retardant, and the flame retardant aid is added in order to improve the flame retardancy of the composition.

Photoinitiated graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate onto polyacrylonitrile and application of the synthesized graft copolymers in penicillin–amidase immobilization

Abstract: The photoinitiated graft copolymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate onto polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and the applicability of the matrices synthesized in this way for penicillin–amidase immobilization are discussed. The copolymers are prepared by putting irradiated PAN fibers with preliminary adsorbed benzophenone on them into the polymerization feed that includes hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate dissolved in a water–methyl ethyl ketone mixture. The degree of grafting varies between 11.7 and 46.0%, and its efficiency, between 27.8 and 78.9%. The concentration of epoxy groups in the synthesized copolymers is in the range between 210 and 2220 μmol/g. The reactivity ratios of the two comonomers are determined to be rGM = 0.70 ± 0.15 and rHEMA = 2.73 ± 0.14. The grafted copolymers containing HEMA units provide milder conditions for penicillin–amidase covalent binding. The optimum pH and temperature values of penicillin–amidase immobilized on these matrices are 7.5 and 45°C, respectively. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Method for producing glycidyl methacrylate

Abstract: Glycidyl methacrylate is produced by the reaction of an alkali metal salt of methacrylic acid with epichlorohydrin in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt and a polymerization inhibitor in a reaction system where the water content is adjusted to 500 to 2000 ppm. Glycidyl methacrylate is purified by the method of the present invention, wherein the reaction mixture obtained by the above method is washed with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and heated under a reduced pressure to remove unchanged epichlorohydrin by distillation, after which steam is blown into the reaction system under the conditions of reduced pressure and heating to distill away the remaining epichlorohydrin together with glycidyl methacrylate as the first distillate fraction, followed by ceasing the steam blow and carrying out distillation under the conditions of reduced pressure and heating to obtain glycidyl methacrylate as the main distillate fraction.

Adhesive monomers to dental ceramics. II. Methacrylamide derivatives containing carboxyl and phenyl groups for effective adhesion of calcium metaphosphate ceramic

Abstract: Twelve methacrylamide derivatives containing carboxyl and phenyl groups have been evaluated as adhesives for calcium metaphosphate ceramic, a promising but hard-to-adhere cast ceramic restoration material. Although methacrylamide monomers having a carboxyl group showed low adhesive tensile strength for the ceramic, contrary to the glycidyl methacrylate derivatives, the monomer having neighboring two carboxyl groups at the phenyl ring exhibited quite high adhesion. Moreover, the monomer proved to retain high adhesion strength for the surface-etched ceramic for a long period of time even in water and would thus be suitable for practical clinical applications. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.