Showing papers on "Higgs boson published in 1972"

Approximate symmetries and pseudo-goldstone bosons

Abstract: In theories with spontaneously broken local symmetries, renormalizability sometimes forces the scalar field interactions to have a larger group of symmetries than the gauge field interactions. Symmetries can then arise in zeroth order which are violated by finite higher-order effects, thus providing a possible natural explanation of the approximate symmetries observed in nature. Such theories contain spinless bosons which behave like Goldstone bosons, but which pick up a small mass from higher-order effects.

Spontaneously Broken Gauge Symmetries. II. Perturbation Theory and Renormalization

Abstract: The second paper in this series is devoted to the formulation of a renormalizable perturbation theory of Higgs phenomena (spontaneously broken gauge theories). In Sec. II, we reformulate the renormalization prescription for massless Yang-Mills theories in terms of gauge-invariant renormalization counterterms in the action. Section III gives a group-theoretic discussion of Higgs phenomena. We discuss the possibility that an asymmetric vacuum is stable, and show how the symmetry of the physical vacuum determines the mass spectrum of the gauge bosons. We show further that in a special gauge ($U$ gauge), all unphysical fields can be eliminated. Section IV discusses the quantization of a spontaneously broken gauge theory in the $R$ gauge, where, as we show in Sec. V, Green's functions are made finite by the renormalization counterterms of the symmetric theory (in which the gauge invariance is not spontaneously broken). The $R$-gauge formulation makes use of redundant fields for the sake of renormalizability. Section VI is a discussion of the low-energy limits of propagators in the $R$-gauge formulation. In Sec. VII we show that the particles associated with redundant fields peculiar to the $R$-gauge formulation are unphysical, i.e., they do not contribute to the sum over intermediate states.

Spontaneously Broken Gauge Symmetries Part 2: Perturbation Theory and Renormalization

Abstract: The second paper in this series is devoted to the formulation of a renormalizable perturbation theory of Higgs phenomena (spontaneously broken gauge theories). In Sec. II, we reformulate the renormalization prescription for massless Yang-Mills theories in terms of gauge-invariant renormalization counterterms in the action. Section III gives a group-theoretic discussion of Higgs phenomena. We discuss the possibility that an asymmetric vacuum is stable, and show how the symmetry of the physical vacuum determines the mass spectrum of the gauge bosons. We show further that in a special gauge (U gauge), all unphysical fields can be eliminated. Section IV discusses the quantization of a spontaneously broken gauge theory in the R gauge, where, as we show in Sec. V, Green's functions are made finite by the renormalization counterterms of the symmetric theory (in which the gauge invariance is not spontaneously broken). The R-gauge formulation makes use of redundant fields for the sake of renormalizability. Section VI is a discussion of the low-energy limits of propagators in the R-gauge formulation. In Sec. VII we show that the particles associated with redundant fields peculiar to the R-gauge formulation are unphysical, i.e., they do not contribute to the sum over intermediate states.

Renormalizable massive vector-meson theory: perturbation theory of the higgs phenomenon.

Abstract: We establish that the Abelian gauge theory first considered by Higgs in which the gauge vector boson acquires a finite mass due to the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry is renormalizable, in the sense that the Bogoliubov-Parasiuk-Hepp program can be executed in such a way that the Ward-Takahashi identities are satisfied. This paper contains the global study of the Ward-Takahashi identities and low-energy theorems of the model. We show that the Goldstone boson and the scalar excitation of zero mass associated with the Landaugauge vector propagator are unphysical, and disappear from the $S$ matrix.

Spontaneous breakdown and hadronic symmetries

Abstract: Using the ideas of Higgs and Weinberg about spontaneous symmetry breakdown, we construct possibly renormalizable models of low-spin hadrons, including massive non-Abelian vector mesons. An intriguing new view of hadron symmetries and symmetry breaking emerges.

MUON g -2 AND OTHER CONSTRAINTS ON A MODEL OF WEAK AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS WITHOUT NEUTRAL CURRENTS.

Abstract: A simple spontaneously broken gauge model of electromagnetic and weak interactions without neutral currents has recently been constructed by Georgi and Glashow. Models of this sort characteristically contain a variety of hypothetical particles: intermediate vector bosons, one or more massive scalars, heavy leptons, "charmed" hadrons. In this paper we show that the agreement between the conventional calculation of muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ and experimental data imposes relations among the masses of the intermediate vector meson, the heavy leptons associated with the muon, and the Higgs scalar meson, in the Georgi-Glashow model. We also deduce additional constraints on models of this sort from muonic atom data, and we briefly discuss scattering phenomena involving the presently unobserved particles of the Georgi-Glashow model.

Gauge invariance and mass scale

Abstract: The self-consistency problem for a spinor fieldψ of mass dimension 1/2 is considered in a theory with a scale-invariant nonlinear spinor equation. It proves possible by the requirement of gauge invariance to maintain dimψ=1/2 also in a theory of interacting fields. The introduction of scale invariance breaking by massive poles into the fermion propagator makes it possible to obtain nontrivial boson solutions, especially zero-mass spin-1 bosons connected with gauge invariance of the theory. These gauge bosons couple directly only to that part of the fermion propagator which does not contain massless fermions.