Showing papers on "Hyperlink published in 1994"

Broadcast interactive multimedia system

Abstract: A procedure for selecting and storing data elements communicated from a common database to users of the database utilizing a communication link between each transmitter and a concomitant receiver accessible by the user. The transmitted information is augmented with attributes which are used at the receiver to select and then store locally only that information of interest to each receiver's user, wherein the attributes and the user selection pattern determine the criteria for storing information locally. Attributes include: utility of each data element in time; interest categories and level of interest for each of the categories determined for the collective users; repeat time to the data element; and a hyperlink to associated data elements.

Metadoc: An Adaptive Hypertext Reading System

Abstract: Presentation of textual information is undergoing rapid transition. Millennia of experience writing linear documents is gradually being discarded in favor of non-linear hypertext writing. In this paper, we investigate how hypertext — in its current node-and-link form — can be augmented by an adaptive, user-model-driven tool. Currently the reader of a document has to adapt to that document — if the detail level is wrong the reader either skims the document or has to consult additional sources of information for clarification. The MetaDoc system not only has hypertext capabilities but also has knowledge about the documents it represents. This knowledge enables the document to modify its level of presentation to suit the user. MetaDoc builds and dynamically maintains a user model for each reader. The model tailors the presentation of the document to the reader. The three-dimensionality of MetaDoc allows the text presented to be changed either by the user model or through explicit user action. MetaDoc is more a documentation reading system rather than a hypertext navigation or reading tool. MetaDoc is a fully developed and debugged system that has been applied to technical documentation.

WEBVIZ: A Tool for World Wide Web Access Log Analysis

Abstract: Various programs have emerged that provide statistical analysis of World-Wide Web (WWW) access logs. These programs typically detail the number of accesses for a file, the number of times a site has visited the database, and some programs even provide temporal analysis of requests1. However, these programs are not interactive nor do they provide visualizations of the local database. WebViz was developed with the intention of providing WWW database maintainers and designers with a graphical view of their local database and access patterns. That is, by incorporating the Web-Path paradigm into interactive software, users can see not only the documents (represented visually as nodes) in their database but also the hyperlinks travelled (represented visually as links) by users requesting documents from the database. WebViz further enables uses to selectively filter the access log (i.e. restrict the graphical view by specifying the desired domain names or DSN numbers, directory names, and start and stop times), control bindings to graph attributes (i.e. node size, border width and color as well as link width and color can be bound to frequency and recency information), play back the events in the access log (i.e. re-issue the logged sequence of requests), select a layout of nodes and links that best presents the database’s structure, and examine the graph at any instant in time. Clearly, WebViz is a useful WWW database utility given that it can provide the user with graphical information about document accesses and the paths taken by users through the database. Such analyses can facilitate structural and contextual changes resulting in a more efficient use of the document space. This paper details the implementation of WebViz and outlines possible future extensions.

Mosaic and the World Wide Web

Abstract: The World-Wide Web, an information service on the Internet, uses hypertext links to other textual documents or files. Users can click on a highlighted word or words in the text to provide additional information about the selected word(s). Users can also access graphic pictures, images, audio clips, or even full-motion video through hypermedia, an extension of hypertext. One of the most popular graphics-oriented browsers is Mosaic, which was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) as a way to graphically-navigate the WWW. Mosaic browsers are currently available for Unix workstations running X Windows, PCs running Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh computers. Mosaic can access data in WWW servers, Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), Gopher servers, Archie servers, and several others. The World-Wide Web is still evolving at a rapid pace. Distributed hypermedia systems on the Internet will continue to be an active area of development in the future. The flexibility of the WWW design, its use of hyperlinks, and the integration of existing WAIS and Gopher information resources, make the WWW ideal for future research and study. Highly interactive multimedia applications will require more sophisticated tools than currently exist. The most significant issue that needs to be resolved is the mismatch between WWW system capabilities and user requirements in the areas of presentation and quality of service. >

World-Wide Web: a distributed hypermedia paradigm for global networking

Abstract: The World-Wide Web (WWW) provides a unified client image to an enormous range and variety of information services on the Internet. WWW use presently undergoes a spectacular growth and seems set to surpass that of all other Internet services. WWW combines extreme power with maximal simplicity and ease of use through its metaphor of distributed hypermedia. A WWW document provides formatted text with possibilities of embedded graphics, sound, animation, and hyperlinks. The hyperlinks when selected provide automatic access to other WWW-documents, files or services (FTP, Gopher, News, Telnet, WAIS, Email...) available anywhere on the Internet. This paper reviews some of the freely available WWW software: browsers, servers, and editors. An elementary introduction is given to the underlying protocols: HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) for the formatting of hyperdocuments, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for the communication between WWW browsers and servers, and URL (Uniform Resource Locators) as a universal addressing scheme for Internet files and services.

J.UCS—the next generation in electronic journal publishing

Abstract: In this paper we discuss why electronic journals today have a rather moderate success. We then describe J.UCS - the Journal of Universal Computer Science - an electronic journal that is the prototype for electronic publishing in the future. Using Hyper-G for distribution it provides all search and navigation mechanisms of large scale hypermedia systems and makes it easy to locate interesting articles. Readers can perform variable scope searches to find papers, then they can get them either in hypertext or in high quality PostScript format. Even PostScript documents provide full hyperlink support. Articles in J.UCS can be accessed very fast using a wide net of servers distributed all over the world. J.UCS also supports annotations to existing articles informing the readers of new research results or errors. Writing articles for J.UCS is very easy using PostScript as the main submission format, even standard hyperlinks such as literature references are generated automatically. We close this paper with a short comparison of J.UCS to other electronic journals and with an outlook on future developments.

World Wide Web hypertext information highway navigator controlled by spoken word

Abstract: The hypertext navigation system includes a speech recognition system adapted to the contents of hypertext documents. A hypertext document is supported by a system for the detection of speech for the recognition of spoken words which correspond to the symbol sequences of the hypertext document.

J.UCS - The Next Generation in Electronic Journal Publishing.

Abstract: In this paper we discuss why electronic journals today have a rather moderate success. We then describe J.UCS - the Journal of Universal Computer Science - an electronic journal that is the prototype for electronic publishing in the future. Using Hyper-G for distribution it provides all search and navigation mechanisms of large scale hypermedia systems and makes it easy to locate interesting articles. Readers can perform variable scope searches to find papers, then they can get them either in hypertext or in high quality PostScript format. Even PostScript documents provide full hyperlink support. Articles in J.UCS can be accessed very fast using a wide net of servers distributed all over the world. J.UCS also supports annotations to existing articles informing the readers of new research results or errors. Writing articles for J.UCS is very easy using PostScript as the main submission format, even standard hyperlinks such as literature references are generated automatically. We close this paper with a short comparison of J.UCS to other electronic journals and with an outlook on future developments.

A tool for hypertext-based systems analysis and dynamic evaluation

Abstract: The authors propose a tool for systems analysis that incorporates hypertext, simulation and expert system techniques. The tool, Hyper Analysis Toolkit (HAT), provides a hypertext linkage of graphical models, such as DFDs (data flow diagrams) and ERDs (entity relation diagrams) with system description narratives and other documents created during the early stages of systems analysis. Hyperlinks placed in diagrams and documents provide an easy way for users and system analysts to navigate and cross-reference systems models. The tool also includes a simulation package and a rule-based expert system to evaluate models statistically and dynamically. Extensive evaluations of models will give estimates of the system dynamics at the early stages of the systems development life cycle. >

Might a semantic lexicon support hypertextual authoring

Abstract: It is common opinion that current hypertextual systems do not allow to express objectively the information content of documents, but only the view of the "author". The hyperlink building requires an heavy and highly specialised human intervention: this task is very expensive whenever possible!A different approach, based on NLP methodologies, aiming at automatizing the development of an hypertext, is hereafter proposed. Anchorage points are inferred both from content and structure of documents. A semantic lexicon based on conceptual graph structures is used to guide text understanding. Contextual roles are introduced to model domain specific concepts relevant to the navigation. An off-line activation of useful links has been defined according to explicit user specifications. A simple declarative language (HyDeL) for the definition of such links is availale to the user to create his own views on the document base. HERMES is a prototype system implementing our approach. The paper discusses the semantic processing of a document base and highlights the performance of different hypertextual systems derived by HERMES over different languages and knowledge domains.

Mosaic: An Educator's Best Friend

Abstract: Shortly after World War II, Vannevar Bush, science advisor to presidents Roosevelt and Truman, conceived of the memex, a device that would cross-reference and provide hyperlink access to information. The technology necessary to fulfill this vision is finally becoming available in the form of hypertext, and to a larger extent, through hypermedia implementations. And now this type of technology has come to users of the Internet. MOSAIC, software developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), is designed to provide access to hypermedia resources on the Internet through a graphical user interface. Availability of this software will be a boon to educators who wish to use the Internet as source of information and as an aid in classroom instruction. This paper discusses the use of the NCSA's MOSAIC application to access Internet information resources. A description of the software and its capabilities, along with details on how to obtain it, are presented. * Internet Overview The Internet has been described as the prototype of the "information superhighway," providing access to information sources and allowing users to communicate with each other around the world.(1) In its present form, however, there is no centralized control over resources and access. This makes searching for information comparable to looking for a needle in a haystack. Efforts are currently underway to develop mechanisms, mostly in the form of software tools, to facilitate access. Most efforts to date have focused on cataloging Internet resources and making this information public. The gamut of Internet data resources available ranges from access to library card catalogs to NASA's images of space. In addition, the Internet provides forums for groups of users with similar interests to carry on discussions. Some examples are: Arts & Entertainment; Computers & Software; Nature, Science & Technology; Schools, Reference & Higher Technology; and Telecommunications & Electronics.(2) Given the wealth of information, it is not surprising that about 40 million people from around the world are on the Internet, and that number is growing by 15% a year.(3) A number of commercial institutions--seeing possibilities for intelligence gathering, potential customers and marketing channels--have also connected themselves to the Internet.(1)(3) In brief, the resources available are vast and increase on a daily basis. * Current Internet Access Methods Until recently, the tools available to Internet users have been a collection of utility programs, which evolved from the UNIX environment, that are mainly concerned with connecting to remote computers using telnet and transferring files using ftp.(4) These tools require users to learn arcane command structures and provide little in the way of help. A newer generation of tools has extended the capabilities available to Internet users, by providing hierarchical menu structures that direct users to information. These newer tools take the form of client/server mechanisms, where the client computer connects to a server containing the data sought. An example of this type of tool is any of the various implementations of gopher.(5) Gopher is designed to connect to other computers on the Internet and provides a menu structure to ease navigation. By simply selecting items on a menu, users are connected to other Internet servers or allowed to read or download files. The major drawback to this approach is its hierarchical nature, which forces users to go through an extensive hierarchy of menus to reach desired data. Supplementing gopher are tools such as ARCHIE and VERONICA, which enable one to search Internet resources for specific information. Generally though, there is no one tool that combines these characteristics and breaks the hierarchical links inherent in menus. * MOSAIC Within the past year NCSA has released a new Internet navigation tool that provides exciting new capabilities. …

Document Linking and Embedding: A New Hypermedia Structuring Paradigm

Abstract: In this paper we examine issues of structuring and collaborative authoring of large distributed hypermedia databases. We contend that there exists a certain discrepancy between the needs of local users engaged in hypermedia authoring tasks and the functionality provided by such distributed hypermedia systems as World Wide Web. In this context we offer a so-called Document Linking and Embedding (DLE) concept. In accordance with this concept, links neither belong to individual nodes, nor they are globally addressable objects, but they are encapsulated within hypermedia containers called Structured Documents (S-Documents). A number of S-Documents can be gathered together into a new S-Document, which can be inserted into other S-Documents in turn. By definition, links cannot point outside an S-Document, but only between its members; hence S-Documents represent well-defined chunks of information. S-Documents may be re-used in various contexts without concern for superfluous hyperlinks.

The Role of Librarians in Developing Software: Hypertext

Abstract: Author(s): Brown, MC | Editor(s): Ardis, SJ | Abstract: Information sources available to microcomputer owners have changed the conventional methods of communicating ideas Incorporating text, graphics, sound, animation, and video images into communications- as is made possible with hypertext - is a remarkable departure from the traditional two-dimensional space of paper-based print media Traditionally, access to information in a book has been linear, requiring the user to either scan the pages sequentially to discover its contents or to use an index to isolate a starting point Now, with a combination of information delivery options (text, audio, motion video), access to information contained in prepared materials can be offered in various ways apart from traditional scanning from beginning to end of source The ability to make connections between concepts and to communicate by combining media make hypertext and hypermedia powerful information delivery instruments Ideally, hypertext provides easy access to information in a way that matches the way a person thinks Additionally, in this ideal picture, a hypertext package provides formats and sources to satisfy a variety of needs, including both quick answers and in-depth explorations The challenge to librarians and information specialists is to find ways to select from the immense potential of information sources and to develop a product that is useful to users

Hypertext and Multimedia for Functional Enhancement of USARIEM Medical Handbooks and Biomedical Simulation Software.

Abstract: : This technical report illustrates the feasibility of converting USARIEM medical handbooks, deployment manuals, and other technical publications into hypertext electronic documents, Techniques are elaborated for creating complex, but easily traversed, networks of hypertext or multimedia jumps, links, and pop-up windows. Five USARIEM documents are restructured as individual networks of hypertext nodes and links. It is also shown how such hypertext handbooks or publications can themselves be represented as hypertext nodes within a higher-level hypertext application. The higher-level hypertext application functions as the entry point for accessing the component hypertext documents. Additionally, a method and example are provided for integrating a hypertext document into a biomedical simulation software program. The example consists of incorporating the USARIEM medical handbook for preventing injury and illness during cold weather military operations, as an on-line interactive hypertext reference, into a dynamic lumped parameter cold digit simulation program.