Showing papers on "Identity (philosophy) published in 2007"
01 Jan 2007
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the identity or difference of places in a structure is not to be accounted for by anything other than the structure itself and that mathematical practice provides evidence for this view.
Abstract: In discussions about whether the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is compatible with structuralist ontologies of mathematics, it is usually assumed that individual objects are subject to criteria of identity which somehow account for the identity of the individuals. Much of this debate concerns structures that admit of non-trivial automorphisms. We consider cases from graph theory that violate even weak formulations of PII. We argue that (i) the identity or difference of places in a structure is not to be accounted for by anything other than the structure itself and that (ii) mathematical practice provides evidence for this view.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that there is no requirement that mathematical objects be individuated in a non-trivial way, and they suggest that "i" functions like a parameter in natural deduction systems.
Abstract: Some authors have claimed that ante rem structuralism has problems with structures that have indiscernible places. In response, I argue that there is no requirement that mathematical objects be individuated in a non-trivial way. Metaphysical principles and intuitions to the contrary do not stand up to ordinary mathematical practice, which presupposes an identity relation that, in a sense, cannot be defined. In complex analysis, the two square roots of −1 are indiscernible: anything true of one of them is true of the other. I suggest that ‘i’ functions like a parameter in natural deduction systems.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that Honnethics of recognition offers a robust model for a renewed critical theory of society, provided that it does not shy away from its political dimensions.
Abstract: This article argues that Axel Honneth’s ethics of recognition offers a robust model for a renewed critical theory of society, provided that it does not shy away from its political dimensions. First, the ethics of recognition needs to clarify its political moment at the conceptual level to remain conceptually sustainable. This requires a clarification of the notion of identity in relation to the three spheres of recognition, and a clarification of its exact place in a politics of recognition. We suggest that a return to Hegel’s mature theory of subjectivity helps specify the relationship between the normative demand for autonomous identity and its realization in and through politics.
79 citations
Patent•
10 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present systems and methods of secure storage for sensitive and confidential data, such as personal identity data, along with methods of securely accessing that data and transferring information from that data, as necessary.
Abstract: The invention presented herein consists of systems and methods of secure storage for sensitive and confidential data, such as personal identity data, along with methods of securely accessing that data, and transferring information from that data, as necessary.
75 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that genocide is an extreme result of normal identity processes, and four overlapping phases are proposed: (1) Dichotomization elevates one dimension of identity over others and, within that dimension, sharply distinguishes two categories: us and them.
Abstract: Genocide is commonly deemed to be either inexplicable or the result of special hatreds. I argue instead that genocide is an extreme result of normal identity processes. Four overlapping phases are proposed. (1) Dichotomization elevates one dimension of identity over others and, within that dimension, sharply distinguishes two categories: us and them. This may lead to (2) dehumanization, in which “they” come to be seen not just as different from “us” but as outside the human universe of moral obligation. (3) Destruction may result, accompanied and followed by processes of (4) denial that enable the perpetrators to maintain their moral self-conceptions. These phases are illustrated with examples from the Holocaust, the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, the Latin American dirty wars of the 1970s and 1980s, and the European conquest of the Americas. Us … … and them And after all we're only ordinary men Me … … and you God only knows it's not what we would choose to do —Pink Floyd, The Dark Side of the Moon, 1973 If you...
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the distinction between citizens, metics and slaves was often difficult to establish in Athens; that this was connected to the functions of Athenian democracy; that citizens, slaves and slaves formed mixed and interacting cultures in collaboration and conflict; and these interactions were created and enabled by what I will call free spaces.
Abstract: Most modern works on Greek history accept a categorical distinction between different identities and statuses in classical Athens: there was a deep chasm between the male citizens’ club and those excluded: foreigners, slaves and women; and the identity of male citizen, slave, foreigner and woman was clear, well defined, easy to establish, immutable and unchallenged.1 Admittedly, this is not simply a modern construction: there are innumerable references in the ancient texts, which present this view of identity and make it a legitimate perspective for modern scholars to adopt.2 These images created by ancient sources became acceptable to scholars belonging to very different traditions and schools. For those scholars who believe that politics can be best understood through a study of institutions, what matters primarily is the distinction between those who have the right to participate in these institutions and those who do not.3 Accordingly, it was easy to accept the existence of a clear distinction between the citizens and everybody else. For those who accept a structuralist perspective, the polarities between citizen and metic, free and slave, Greek and barbarian, or men and women offered a fruitful way to apply their approach to Greek history.4 For those who accept status and order as essential categories of analysis, the distinction between different status groups becomes essential in an analysis of Greek society.5 Finally, for those who work within a tradition of legal history, the clear legal distinctions are the essential means of interpretation.6 It is the aim of this article to challenge these long-entrenched assumptions. I want to argue that the distinction between citizens, metics and slaves was often difficult to establish in Athens; that this was connected to the functions of Athenian democracy; that citizens, metics and slaves formed mixed and interacting cultures in collaboration and conflict; and that these interactions were created and enabled by what I will call free spaces. This discussion will raise a second important issue: the interpretation of Athenian democracy. I will argue that many of the current approaches to Athenian democracy have a strong elitist perspective and that we have to turn our attention to a bottom-down perspective; the concept of free spaces can play an important role in changing perspective. 33
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for describing ontic vagueness in general in terms of multiple actualities has been developed for defending ontically vague identity, which is immune from Evansian worries.
Abstract: Gareth Evans's argument against ontically vague identity has been picked over on many occasions. But extant proposals for blocking the argument do not meet well-motivated general constraints on a successful solution. Moreover, the pivotal position that defending ontically vague identity occupies vis a vis ontic vagueness more generally has not yet been fully appreciated. This paper advocates a way of resisting the Evans argument meeting all the mentioned constraints: if we can find referential indeterminacy in virtue of ontic vagueness, we can get out of the Evans argument while still preserving genuinely ontically vague identity. To show how this approach can vindicate particular cases of ontically vague identity, I develop a framework for describing ontic vagueness in general in terms of multiple actualities. The effect, overall, is to provide a principled and attractive approach to ontically vague identity that is immune from Evansian worries.
60 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Toleration as Acceptance Distant Though Not Rejected Search for a New Identity Nation in the Making Turks' Brothers Times of 'Troubles' Conclusion Toleration is Acceptance as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Introduction Toleration as Acceptance Distant Though Not Rejected Search for a New Identity Nation in the Making Turks' Brothers Times of 'Troubles' Conclusion
55 citations
01 Apr 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a new identity for Parseval frames in a Hilbert space is established, and several variations of this result are given, including an extension to general frames, and discussed the derived results.
Abstract: In this paper we establish a surprising new identity for Parseval frames in a Hilbert space. Several variations of this result are given, including an extension to general frames. Finally, we discuss the derived results.
51 citations
Journal Article•
Book•
14 Dec 2007
TL;DR: The authors introduce topics and themes of early colonial encounters and introduce identity strategies for recasting self in a new identity by redefining space and re-casting self into a new self-identity.
Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction to topics and themes of early colonial encounters Chapter 2 Old World Departures, New World Endings and Beginnings Chapter 3 Forging new identities by redefining space Chapter 4 Identity strategies - recasting self Chapter 5 Looking Forward Chapter 6 References
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Brown as mentioned in this paper argues that tolerance is a defining feature of any decent society and that the need for it would seem to be greater than ever, if one thinks of tolerance as an art for reconciling differences.
Abstract: Regulating Aversion: Tolerance in the Age of Identity and Empire. By Wendy Brown. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 282p. $29.95. Globalization, population migration, multiculturalism, identity politics, 9/11, and the war on terror—if one thinks of tolerance as an art for reconciling differences, then the need for it would seem to be greater than ever. However, tolerance, as T. M. Scanlon argues (The Difficulty of Tolerance, 2003), is never easy. At the very least, it means acknowledging that other people whom I dislike are entitled to the same legal protections as I am and should be equally free to decide how to live their lives. Asking me to avert my eyes or look away from those beliefs and ways of life that I find repugnant may mean that tolerance comes close to being an “impossible virtue” (Bernard Williams, “Toleration: An Impossible Virtue?” in David Heyd, ed., Toleration: An Elusive Virtue, 1996), but the alternative—intolerance—seems a nonstarter. So for many of us the choice between tolerance and intolerance seems easy. Indeed, many liberals assume that tolerance is a defining feature of any decent society.
Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The author discusses Kant's Theory of Experience, Phenomenalism, and the role of Imagination in Kant's theory of Experience.
Abstract: Editors' Introduction Editorial Notes Part I: Language and Meaning 1. Inference and Meaning 2. Some Reflections on Language Games 3. Language as Thought and as Communication 4. Meaning as Functional Classification: A Perspective on the Relation of Syntax to Semantics Part II: Abstract Entities 5. Naming and Saying 6. Grammar and Existence: A Preface to Ontology 7. Abstract Entities Part III: Mind, Language, and the World 8. Being and Being Known 9. The Lever of Archimedes 10. Some Reflections on Thoughts and Things 11. Mental Events Part IV: Science and the Mind 12. Phenomenalism 13. The Identity Approach to the Mind-Body Problem 14. Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man Part V: Kant 15. "This I or He or It (the Thing) Which Thinks" 16. Some Remarks on Kant's Theory of Experience 17. The Role of Imagination in Kant's Theory of Experience Credits Index
Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: One Frames of Remembrance: Benjamin Robert Haydon and The Anti-Slavery Convention, 1840 Two Literary Memorials: Clarkson's History and The Life of William Wilberforce Three Sites of Memory: Abolitionist Monuments and the Politics of Identity Four Abolitionists Rituals: Celebrations and Commemorations Five Sites of memory: Transatlantic Slavery and the Museum Experience Six Transatlantic Perspectives Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Abstract: CONTENTS List of illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction One Frames of Remembrance: Benjamin Robert Haydon and The Anti-Slavery Convention, 1840 Two Literary Memorials: Clarkson's History and The Life of William Wilberforce Three Sites of Memory: Abolitionist Monuments and the Politics of Identity Four Abolitionist Rituals: Celebrations and Commemorations Five Sites of Memory: Transatlantic Slavery and the Museum Experience Six Transatlantic Perspectives Conclusion Bibliography Index -- .
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The recent demonstrations at Gallaudet University did more to launch deafness and deaf culture onto the national scene than any event since the release of the 1986 film Children of a Lesser God as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The recent demonstrations at Gallaudet University did more to launch deafness and deaf culture onto the national scene than any event since the release of the 1986 film Children of a Lesser God. Media reports of hour-by-hour dramas unfolding on the campus, culminating in a shutdown of the university, evoked in many people's minds the student revolution of the 60s. But in the hearing world, from blogosphere to op-ed page, observers expressed confusion about what the issues really were and why there was so much turmoil and anger over the mere choosing of an upper-level administrator.
Book•
05 Nov 2007
TL;DR: The Book of Common Prayer and individual identity in Renaissance literature is discussed in detail in this paper, where the authors present an overview of the relationship between authority and representation in the literature of Renaissance literature.
Abstract: Introduction Part I. Prelude/Mattins: through 1549: 1. The Book of Common Prayer and national identity 2. The Book of Common Prayer and individual identity Part II. Interlude: 1549-1662: 3. Representation and authority in Renaissance literature 4. Revolution and representation Postscript/Evensong: 1662-present Appendix: 'THE booke'.
Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The term world communist movement (WCM) was coined by as discussed by the authors to refer to three groups of communist parties: those in power in the socialist countries, those in opposition or underground in the capitalist world; and, from the 1960s onwards, Marxist-inspired movements of national liberation in the Third World.
Abstract: and less tangible than the preceding forms of world communist organization such as the Comintern and the Cominform,40 the “world communist movement” constituted a reality in the minds of those who were part of it, with concrete rules of behavior and modes of interaction. From the 1960s onwards, the WCM included three groups of communist parties: those in power in the socialist countries; those in opposition or underground in the capitalist world; and, from the 1960s onwards, Marxistinspired movements of national liberation in the Third World. It also included a number of “non-political” bodies such as the World Peace Council, the World Federation of Democratic Youth, the World Student Union and the World Trade Union Confederation (the latter two had their headquarters in Prague). The term “world communist movement” will be used here in the same way as it was used by the communist parties. However, attention will be focused on the contradictions and shifts in the definition of the term, as reflecting the deeper-lying questions of its doctrinal and strategic boundaries. While the world communist movement organized the communist parties of the world and was primarily an ideological organization prescribing “orthodox” doctrine, the communist bloc during the Cold War included only the socialist states and referred to the economic, commercial, military and political relations between them. The “movement” was wider and more diverse than the “bloc.” In this study, communist bloc will be used to refer to the system of (Soviet-aligned) socialist states and their institutions, such as the Warsaw Pact (Warsaw Treaty Organisation, WTO) and the Comecon (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance, CMEA).41 As will become clear, in moments of crisis such as 1968–1969, the Soviet Union understood the movement’s role as providing crucial ideological underpinning and political support to the bloc. 2.2. Internationalism: a working concept Internationalism is understood here as coinciding neither entirely with the discourse and theory of internationalism as used among communists themselves, nor exclusively with the practical policies of communist parties on the international scene. Rather, it focuses on the tension between them.42 This concept here proposes a way of escaping some of the dangers 16
01 Jan 2007
Book•
16 Nov 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a simple semantic model is proposed for removing incomplete expressions in the sense of senses of identity, sense and meaning, and senses of incomplete expressions in complete sentences. But it is limited to English.
Abstract: PREFACE 1. The Introduction of Senses 2. Sense Identity 3. Definitions 4. Sense and Meaning 5. A Simple Semantic Model 6. Removal Rules 7. Syntactic and Semantic Options 8. Senses of Incomplete Expressions 9. Afterword REFERENCES INDEX
Book•
20 Jul 2007
TL;DR: This article interpreted Hume as metaphysician and skeptic and presented a systematic exposition of Hume's difficulty in finding the right answer to the question "What is the difference between faith and reason?"
Abstract: Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction 1 Interpreting Hume as metaphysician and skeptic 2 Moments and durations 3 Steadfast objects 4 Identity 5 Representing personal identity 6 Systematic exposition of Hume's difficulty Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index
TL;DR: R rooted triangulations of a sphere with multiple holes are enumerated by the total number of edges and the length of each boundary component by W.T. Tutte.
Abstract: We enumerate rooted triangulations of a sphere with multiple holes by the total number of edges and the length of each boundary component. The proof relies on a combinatorial identity due to W.T. Tutte.
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the distinction between citizens, metics and slaves was often difficult to establish in Athens; that this was connected to the functions of Athenian democracy; that citizens, slaves and slaves formed mixed and interacting cultures in collaboration and conflict; and these interactions were created and enabled by what I will call free spaces.
Abstract: Most modern works on Greek history accept a categorical distinction between different identities and statuses in classical Athens: there was a deep chasm between the male citizens’ club and those excluded: foreigners, slaves and women; and the identity of male citizen, slave, foreigner and woman was clear, well defined, easy to establish, immutable and unchallenged.1 Admittedly, this is not simply a modern construction: there are innumerable references in the ancient texts, which present this view of identity and make it a legitimate perspective for modern scholars to adopt.2 These images created by ancient sources became acceptable to scholars belonging to very different traditions and schools. For those scholars who believe that politics can be best understood through a study of institutions, what matters primarily is the distinction between those who have the right to participate in these institutions and those who do not.3 Accordingly, it was easy to accept the existence of a clear distinction between the citizens and everybody else. For those who accept a structuralist perspective, the polarities between citizen and metic, free and slave, Greek and barbarian, or men and women offered a fruitful way to apply their approach to Greek history.4 For those who accept status and order as essential categories of analysis, the distinction between different status groups becomes essential in an analysis of Greek society.5 Finally, for those who work within a tradition of legal history, the clear legal distinctions are the essential means of interpretation.6 It is the aim of this article to challenge these long-entrenched assumptions. I want to argue that the distinction between citizens, metics and slaves was often difficult to establish in Athens; that this was connected to the functions of Athenian democracy; that citizens, metics and slaves formed mixed and interacting cultures in collaboration and conflict; and that these interactions were created and enabled by what I will call free spaces. This discussion will raise a second important issue: the interpretation of Athenian democracy. I will argue that many of the current approaches to Athenian democracy have a strong elitist perspective and that we have to turn our attention to a bottom-down perspective; the concept of free spaces can play an important role in changing perspective. 33
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors enumerate rooted triangulations of a sphere with multiple holes by the total number of edges and the length of each boundary component, using a combinatorial identity due to W.T. Tutte.
Abstract: We enumerate rooted triangulations of a sphere with multiple holes by the total number of edges and the length of each boundary component. The proof relies on a combinatorial identity due to W.T. Tutte.
Book•
23 Oct 2007
TL;DR: A Forgotten Arab Mentor of Modern European Thinkers, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan and Sinbad the Sailor in Robinson Crusoe as discussed by the authors, is buried in the dust of history.
Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction: Buried in the Dust of History: A Forgotten Arab Mentor of Modern European Thinkers Chapter 2 Serving God or Mammon? : Echoes from Hayy Ibn Yaqzan and Sinbad the Sailor in Robinson Crusoe Chapter 3 The Man of Reason: Hayy Ibn Yaqzan and His Impact on Modern European Thought Chapter 4 Beyond Family, History, Religion, and Language: The Construction of a Cosmopolitan Identity in a Twelfth-Century Arabic Philosophical Novel Chapter 5 The Book that Launched a Thousand Books Chapter 6 The Extraordinary Voyage Chapter 7 A Philosophical Letter, An Allegorical Voyage, or an Autobiography?: Hayy Ibn Yaqzan as a Model in Modern European Literature Chapter 8 Conclusion: A Humanist Thesis Subverted?
03 May 2007
Book•
07 Dec 2007
TL;DR: The POETICS OF HOME as mentioned in this paper is a collection of Poetics of Home written in the 19th century, with a focus on night-crossing and night-walking.
Abstract: 1. INTRODUCTION: THE POETICS OF HOME 2. FORGING AN IDENTITY: NIGHT-CROSSING 3. THE 'IRONIC CONSCIENCE': LIVES 4. THE POETRY OF AFTERLIVES: THE SNOW PARTY 5. WRITING CRISIS: THE SEA IN WINTER 6. THE TIME OF EXILE: THE HUNT BY NIGHT AND ANTARCTICA 7. POET IN NEW YORK: THE HUDSON LETTER 8. THE YELLOW BOOK AND THE FIN DE SIECLE 9. A NEW WAVE: HARBOUR LIGHTS