Showing papers on "Identity (social science) published in 1994"

The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach

Abstract: justice. Women, by contrast, were believed to be at a lower stage because they were found to have a sense of agency still tied primarily to their social relationships and to make political and moral decisions based on context-specific principles based on these relationships rather than on the grounds of their own autonomous judgments. Students of gender studies know well just how busy social scientists have been kept by their efforts to come up with ever more sociological "alibis" for the question of why women did not act like men. Gilligan's response was to refuse the terms of the debate altogether. She thus did not develop yet another explanation for why women are "deviant." Instead, she turned the question on its head by asking what was wrong with the theory a theory whose central premises defines 50% of social beings as "abnormal." Gilligan translated this question into research by subjecting the abstraction of universal and discrete agency to comparative research into female behavior evaluated on its own terms The new research revealed women to be more "concrete" in their thinking and more attuned to "fairness" while men acted on "abstract reasoning" and "rules of justice." These research findings transformed female otherness into variation and difference but difference now freed from the normative de-

Cultural identity and global process

Abstract: Towards a Global Anthropology General Historical and Culturally Specific Properties of Global Systems Civilizational Cycles and the History of Primitivism The Emergence of the Culture Concept in Anthropology Culture, Identity and World Process Culture Logics of the Global System Globalization and Localization History and the Politics of Identity The Political Economy of Elegance Narcissim, Roots and Postmodernity Global System, Globalization and the Parameters of Modernity Order and Disorder in Global Systems

Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat.

Abstract: The impact of change in context on identity maintenance, the implications of maintenance efforts for group identification, and the effects of perceived threats to identity on self-esteem associated with group membership are examined in a longitudinal study of Hispanic students during their 1st year at predominately Anglo universities. Whereas ethnic identity is initially linked to the strength of the students'cultural background, maintenance of ethnic identity is acoomplished by weakening that link and remooring the identity to the current college context. Results suggest 2 distinct paths by which students negotiate their ethnic identity in a new context. Students with initially strong ethnic identity become involved in cultural activities, increasing the strength of their identification

Identity Dilemmas of Chronically Ill Men

Abstract: Chronic illness frequently comes to men suddenly with immediate intensity, severity, and uncertainty. Because men contract more serious and life-threatening chronic illnesses than women, experienci...

A Passion for Difference: Essays in Anthropology and Gender

Abstract: Acknowledgements. Introduction: A Passion for Difference. 1. The Divisions Within:. Sex, Gender and Sexual Difference. 2. Embodied Selves:. Dialogues Between Anthropology and Psychoanalysis. 3. Fantasies of Power and Fantasies of Identity:. Gender, Race and Violence. 4. Bodies on the Move:. Gender, Power and Material Culture. 5. Social Identities and the Politics of Reproduction. 6. Master Narratives: . Anthropology and Writing. 7. The Feminist Anthropologist and the Passion(s) of New Eve. Notes. References. Index.

Self Consciousness: An Alternative Anthropology of Identity

Abstract: Traditionally the self and the individual have been treated as micro-versions of larger social entities by the social sciences in general, and by anthropology in particular. In Self Consciousness, Cohen examines this treatment of the self, arguing that this practice has resulted in the misunderstanding of social aggregates precisely because the individual has been ignored as a constituent element. By acknowledging the individual's self awareness as author of their own social conduct and of the social forms in which they participate, this informs social and cultural processes rather than the individual being passively modelled by them.

Black Women, Writing and Identity : Migrations of the Subject

Abstract: Black Women Writing and Identity is an exciting work by one of the most imaginative and acute writers around. The book explores a complex and fascinating set of interrelated issues, establishing the significance of such wide-ranging subjects as: * re-mapping, re-naming and cultural crossings * tourist ideologies and playful world travelling * gender, heritage and identity * African women's writing and resistance to domination * marginality, effacement and decentering * gender, language and the politics of location Carole Boyce-Davies is at the forefront of attempts to broaden the discourse surrounding the representation of and by black women and women of colour. Black Women Writing and Identity represents an extraordinary achievement in this field, taking our understanding of identity, location and representation to new levels.

Migrancy, culture, identity

Abstract: In Migrancy, Culture, Identity, Iain Chambers unravels how our sense of place and identity is realised as we move through myriad languages, worlds and histories. The author explores the uncharted impact of cultural diversity on today's world, from the 'realistic' eye of the painter to the 'scientific' approach of the cultural anthropologist or the critical distance of the historian; from the computer screen to the Walkman and 'World Music'. Migrancy, Culture and Identity takes us on a journey into the disturbance and dislocation of culture and identity that faces all of us to explore how migration, marginality and homelessness have disrupted the West's faith in linear progress and rational thinking, undermining our knowledge, history and cultural identity.

Rethinking ethnicity: Identity, categorization and power

Abstract: This article argues that ethnic identity is to be understood and theorized as an example of social identity in general and that externally‐located processes of social categorization are enormously influential in the production and reproduction of social identities. However, much research concerned with ethnicity, particularly social anthropological research, inspired, whether directly or indirectly, by Barth's Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, has concentrated upon internal process of group identification, at the expense of categorization. To acknowledge the necessary role of categorization in the social construction of ethnic identity is also to recognize (a) the importance of power and authority relations (domination) in that process, and (b) a distinction, which is developed in this article, between the nominal and the virtual dimensions of ethnic and other social identities. Finally, the article offers an outline of a substantive research agenda concerned with contexts of social categorization.

Human Diversity: Perspectives on People in Context

Abstract: OVERVIEW: A PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN DIVERSITY. Toward an Overarching Framework for Diversity (E. Trickett, et al.). Our Similarities Are Different: Toward a Psychology of Affirmative Diversity (J. Jones). HUMAN DIVERSITY: PHILOSOPHICAL AND PARADIGMATIC TENETS. Paradigms of Diversity (R. Watts). Feminism and Psychology: A Dynamic Interaction (N. Felipe Russo & A. Dabul). Optimal Theory and the Psychology of Human Diversity (L. James-Meyers & S. Speight). An Ecological Perspective on Cultural and Ethnic Psychology (J. Berry). KEY CONCEPTS IN HUMAN DIVERSITY: OPPRESSION, INTERGROUP DYNAMICS, CULTURE, AND IDENTITY. The Discourse of Oppression in the Social Sciences: Past, Present, and Future (I. Prilleltensky & L. Gonick). Toward an Ethnography of "Voice" and "Silence" (S. Reinharz). A White Man's Perspective on the Unconscious Processes Within Black-White Relations in the United States (C. Alderfer). Culture and Human Diversity (W. Lonner). Culture and Disability: An Anthropological Point of View (J. Scheer). Acculturation and Human Diversity in a Multicultural Society (D. Birman). The Conceptualization of Racial Identity and Other "Racial" Constructs (J. Helms). Identity Development and Sexual Orientation: Toward a Model of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Development (A. D'Augelli). Age as a Dimension of Diversity: The Experience of Being Old (M. Gatz & B. Cotton). APPLYING PARADIGMS AND CONCEPTS OF HUMAN DIVERSITY: CONDUCTING DIVERSITY-CONSCIOUS RESEARCH AND CREATING SETTINGS SUPPORTIVE OF DIVERSITY. Empowerment As a Guide to Doing Research: Diversity As a Positive Value (J. Rappaport). "It Ain't What You Do, It's the Way That You Do It, That's What Gets Results": Another Look (F. Tyler). Integration of Ethnic Minorities into Academic Psychology: How It Has Been and What It Could Be (M. Bernal). Creating Social Settings for Diversity: An Ecological Thesis (J. Kelly, et al.). Conclusion.

Behind the Model‐Minority Stereotype: Voices of High‐ and Low‐Achieving Asian American Students

Abstract: This article examines the complex relationship between Asian American student identity(ies) and perceptions regarding future opportunity and attitudes toward schooling. The article argues that identity and attitudes toward schooling are not static, as some have argued, but are negotiated through experiences and relationships inside and outside of school. Data for this article were collected as part of a larger ethnographic study on Asian American high school students.

Organizations or Communities? Changing the Metaphor Changes the Theory

Abstract: Educational administration must develop an identity of its own The basic theories and root metaphors of the field center on organization, whose assumptions include legitimacy, hierarchy, and self-i...

Constructions and reconstructions of self in virtual reality: Playing in the MUDs

Abstract: There are over 300 multi‐user games based on at least 13 different kinds of software on the international computer network known as the Internet. Here I use the term “MUD “ to refer to all the various kinds. All provide worlds for social interaction in a virtual space, worlds in which you can present yourself as a “character,” in which you can be anonymous, in which you can play a role or roles as close or as far away from your “real self as you choose. In the MUDS, the projections of self are engaged in a resolutely postmodern context. Authorship is not only displaced from a solitary voice, it is exploded. The self is not only decentered but multiplied without limit. There is an unparalleled opportunity to play with one's identity and to “try out” new ones. MUDS are a new environment for the construction and reconstruction of self.

Islamic Britain: Religion, Politics and Identity Among British Muslims

Abstract: Britain's Muslim communities Islam in South Asia Bradford - Britain's "Islamabad" Islamic institutions in Bradford the "'Ulama" - the making and influence of a British Muslim leadership beyond sectarianism - the role of the Council for Mosques looking forward - Muslim communities in the 1990s.

Identity talk in the peace and justice movement

Abstract: This article examines identity talk in several peace movement organizations from 1982 to 1991. Identity talk directs attention to how identity discourse concretizes activists' perceptions of social movement dramas, demonstrates personal identity, reconstructs individuals' biographies, imputes group identities, and aligns personal and collective identities. Six types of identity talk are identified and illustrated: associational declarations, disillusionment anecdotes, atrocity tales, personal is political reports, guide narratives, and war stories. These stories revolve around the themes of becoming aware, active, committed, and weary. Suggestions are offered for possible future research.

The making of political identities

Abstract: This work brings together many trends of current thinking - Lacanian psychoanalysis, deconstruction, neo-Hegelianism and political philosophy - to illuminate the question of identity in the contemporary world In addition, it provides concrete studies of some of the more important new political identities which have emerged in recent decades The essays in Part One - by Ernesto Laclau and Lilian Zac; Rodolphe Gashes; and Claudia Hilb and Slavoj Zizek - explore the theoretical dimensions of the issue of identity formation The essays in Part Two deal with: the logic of apartheid in South Africa; the spread of Islam; the Palestinian diaspora; the explosion of national identities in former Yugoslavia; the Greens in Germany; and the spread of Rastafarianism in Britain

Talking in organizations: Managing identity and image in an adverstising agency

Abstract: This paper treats discourses in organizations in relationship to the management of identities and impressions. It is based on an ethnographic study of an advert ising agency and explores how advertising professionals describe themselves, their work and organizations, the profession and their clients. Various functions of such descriptions are proposed, from identity work to marketing. The relation ship between the level of discourse and deeper cultural levels is investigated through the cultural sociologies of Asplund and Bourdieu. The 'habitus' of advertising workers is discussed and 'anti-bureaucracy' is proposed as a concep tual figure — a basic way of conceptualizing vital segments of one's cultural reality — characterizing the advertising industry (in Sweden), informing the meaning of the particular ways of talk that is typical among advertising workers.

‘Stuffed if I know!’: Reflections on post‐modern feminist social research

Abstract: This paper tells the tale of a social research project which has been situated within and shaped by the flux of current feminist debates In particular it addresses the challenges posed by post‐modern theory to feminist social research which hinge on the status of women as an identity If we are to accept that there is no unity, centre or actuality to discover for women, what is feminist research about? What might be the effects of researching women in mining towns as though such a group were a natural, self‐evident and coherent category? In this paper I explore the politics of situating a research project on women with respect to the discursive terrain already mapped out I rethink action research methods in the light of post‐modern politics and research practice, and I argue that social research can play a role in discursive destabilisation and in the creation and promotion of alternative discourses of gendered subjects

Asian Americans: Personality Patterns, Identity, and Mental Health

Abstract: ASIAN AMERICANS PERSONALITY PATTERNS IDENTITY AND MENTAL HEALTH PDF Are you looking for asian americans personality patterns identity and mental health Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time asian americans personality patterns identity and mental health PDF is available at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find asian americans personality patterns identity and mental health PDF or just found any kind of Books for your readings everyday.

The Immune Self: Theory or Metaphor?

Abstract: Immunology is one of the unique products of the darwinian age--born in the controversies of that fresh announcement that all species, including ourselves, were not static entities, but subject to change as a result of the vicissitudes of time and circumstance. Darwinism postulated an everchanging species defined by evolutionary necessity. In this scheme, the organism is not given, but evolves. Always adapting, it is always changing. Thus, this raises the core issue of organismal identity as a problem. Here, Alfred Tauber explores the concept of self and traces the development of the term from Metchnikoff's theory that immunity resides in the active pursuit of identity.

Culture in a Liquid Modern World

Abstract: 1 Some notes on the historical peregrinations of the concept of 'Culture' 1 2 On fashion, liquid identity and utopia for today some cultural tendencies in the twenty-first century 18 3 Culture from nation-building to globalization 32 4 Culture in a world of diasporas 51 5 Culture in a uniting Europe 71 6 Culture between state and market 96 Notes 118

White Racial Identity Models A Critique and Alternative Proposal

Abstract: Existing models of White racial identity development (WRID) are challenged as being deficient in terms of: (a) being based on the oppression-adaptive models of minority identity development, (b) focusing primarily on attitudes toward racial/ethnic out-groups, not on White identity attitudes; and (c) depicting the process as developmental in nature. An alternative conceptualization, based on the construct of White racial consciousness, is presented as a more parsimonious explanation for the role of racially oriented attitudes. Three types of unachieved White racial consciousness (avoidant, dependent, and dissonant) are proposed along with four types of achieved White racial consciousness (dominative, conflictive, reactive, and integrative). Changes in attitudes characteristic of one type to those more representative of another are explained in terms of dissonance reduction. Information is provided regarding the availability of an assessment device designed to identify the types of White racial consciousness.

Racial Identity and Education

Abstract: Racial Identity and Education We investigate the sources of differences in school performance between students of different races by focusing on identity issues. We find that having a higher percentage of same-race friends has a positive effect of white teenagers’ test score while having a negative effect on blacks’ test scores. However, the higher the education level of a black teenager’s parent, the lower this negative effect, while for whites, it is the reverse. It is thus the combination of the choice of friends (which is a measure of own identity) and the parent’s education that are responsible for the difference in education attainment between students of different races but also between students of the same race. One interesting aspects of this paper is to provide a theoretical model that grounds the instrumental variable approach used in the empirical analysis to deal with endogeneity issues. JEL Classification: A14, I21, J15, J24

The politics of inside/out: Queer theory, poststructuralism, and a sociological approach to sexuality

Abstract: Cet article souligne les principes essentiels du poststructuralisme et considere comment ils sont appliques par les praticiens de la « queer theory ». Faisant appel a la fois a Michel Foucault et a Jacques Derrida, la « queer theory » examine comment la subjectivite homosexuelle est a la fois produite et exclue dans la culture, a l'interieur comme a l'exterieur de ses frontieres