Showing papers on "Individual capital published in 2022"
11 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors divided structural social capital into connective social capital (social media access to information) and bonding social capital based on the differences in their information sources.
Abstract: With the development of mobile internet, Chinese farmers have started to access diversified information through social media, on one hand, based on breadth of information. On the other hand, as most farmers still live in rural areas, their socio-economic characteristics and lifestyles are in homogeneous acquaintance social network relationships, i.e. interpersonal interactions in offline homogeneous networks are still considered as the way for farmers to access homogeneous information (breadth of information depth). Based on social capital theory, social networks are structural social capital where trust and reciprocity are known as a relational social capital. Further, this study divides structural social capital into connective social capital (social media access to information) and bonding social capital (offline interpersonal interaction access to information) based on the differences in their information sources. The empirical study finds that structural social capital has a positive impact on farmers’ environmental knowledge acquisition which influences their environmental behavior. In addition, relational social capital (trust and reciprocity) plays a mediating role in the influence of structural social capital on farmers’ environmental behavior.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the influence of innovation activities on the depth of intellectual capital and the role they played in the relationship of social capital and organizational performance, using Turkish public hospitals as an exemplary application case.
Abstract: While the positive influence of intellectual capital on innovation is well-established in the extant literature, research on how innovation activities affect intellectual capital is relatively scarce. Moreover, even though there is ample research showing the positive relationship between social capital and organizational performance, its significance is generally underappreciated by practitioners. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the influence of innovation activities on the depth of intellectual capital and the role they play in the relationship of social capital and organizational performance, using Turkish public hospitals as an exemplary application case. We argue that the activities carried out in these institutions during the innovation implementation process contribute to intellectual capital internally, with positive impacts on organizational performance. We hypothesize that social capital plays a vital role in this relationship by enhancing social interaction while fostering trust and cooperation. We formalize these ideas in a structural equation modeling framework in which innovation activities and intellectual capital serially mediate the relationship between social capital and performance and show that the implications of our model are supported by data from Turkish public hospitals. We find no evidence of a direct link between social capital and performance or between innovation activities and performance and determine that intellectual capital is the crucial link between social capital and organizational performance.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors draw from the sociology of race to develop a reconceptualization of cultural capital as fundamentally racialized and find evidence that qualities associated with appearing nonthreatening function as cultural capital for nonwhite students in this field.
Abstract: Bourdieu developed cultural capital theory to explain the upper class’ exclusive cultivation of skills, knowledge, and dispositions (i.e., cultural capital) that yield institutional advantages. Fundamental to this conceptualization is the idea that cultural capital itself is classed—not racialized—and that what constitutes cultural capital is broadly the same for every individual irrespective of one’s racial position. I draw from the sociology of race to develop a reconceptualization of cultural capital as fundamentally racialized. Using the illustrative case of “Pursuit”—a white-led organization created in the 1960s to select nonwhite children for integrating white schools—I then theorize about the racial dimensions of cultural capital. I find evidence that Pursuit selected for nonwhite students deemed nonthreatening to the dominant racial group. Thus, I maintain that qualities associated with appearing nonthreatening function as cultural capital for nonwhite students in this field. Accordingly, I theorize that (1) what constitutes cultural capital may vary by the racial position of the holder of cultural capital and (2) those who are dominant in the racial hierarchy contribute to determining what constitutes cultural capital for those they dominate according to their own interests. As it is taken for granted that cultural capital is fundamentally classed, it should be equally understood and applied that cultural capital is fundamentally racialized.
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors conducted a qualitative study in a professional academic association and found evidence that members may experience both inclusion and exclusion, and that these experiences could be associated with their identification with multiple sub-communities within the Association.
Abstract: We rely on social identity and self-categorization theories to investigate how human capital and social capital may be associated with a sense of inclusion and exclusion. We conducted a qualitative study in a professional academic association, since these organizations exist to serve both the profession and the professionals they represent and should therefore foster an inclusive environment for their members. Respondents provided information about their experiences of inclusion and exclusion in the association. Our results suggest a complex interplay between human capital and social capital leading to experiences of inclusion and exclusion. Inclusion was most frequently associated with social capital and involvement in association activities, whereas exclusion was attributed to (a lack of) both human capital and social capital. Further, we found evidence that members may experience both inclusion and exclusion, and that these experiences could be associated with their identification with multiple sub-communities within the Association.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the deep connections between natural capital and social capital through literature review and community cases across the globe are highlighted, and questions are posed for future research and practice tethering together cultural capital and natural capital when looking to bolster community well-being.
Abstract: The world faced stark challenges during the global pandemic caused by COVID-19. Large forces such as climate change, cultural ethnocentrism and racism, and increasing wealth inequality continue to ripple through communities harming community well-being. While the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 exacerbated these forces, lessons across the globe have been captured that inform the field of community well-being long-after the end of the pandemic. While many scholars have looked to political capital, financial capital, and social capital to tackle these challenges, natural capital and cultural capital have extreme relevance. However, scholarship tends to overlook the inextricable and important links between natural capital and cultural capital in community development and well-being work. These capital forms also inform contemporary understandings of sustainability and environmental justice, especially in the fields of community development and well-being. This perspective article showcases the deep connections between natural capital and social capital through literature review and community cases across the globe. Questions are posed for future research and practice tethering together cultural capital and natural capital when looking to bolster community well-being.
6 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the configuration effect of human capital, social capital, and psychological capital on employee well-being, and found that psychological capital is the most critical factor affecting subjective wellbeing, followed by human capital and social capital.
Abstract: This study explored the configuration effect of human capital, social capital, and psychological capital on employee well-being. A total of 458 employees were investigated via a human capital scale, social capital scale, Chinese psychological capital scale, and multiple well-being questionnaire. The result of the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis showed that human capital, social capital, and psychological capital in the form of diversified configuration will achieve high well-being, characterized by “all roads lead to Rome”. Even without human capital and social capital, high well-being can be achieved as long as psychological capital exists. Psychological capital is the most critical factor affecting subjective well-being, followed by human capital and social capital. Compared with guanxi-oriented psychological capital, task-oriented psychological capital is a more critical factor in achieving high well-being.
4 citations
4 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the relation between positive psychology, psychological capital, and well-being is analyzed, and the transformation of positive psychology into the concept of psychological capital is explained in the field of organizational behavior.
Abstract: This chapter analyzes the relation between Positive Psychology, Psychological Capital, and Well-Being. Positive psychology pursues information that flourishes on life. Positive psychology improves the quality of life and investigates the paths towards positive individual characteristics and developing communities through actions that increase well-being and prevents discomfort in situations where life is vicious and meaningless. Psychological capital is associated with many positive results for employees and the organization and promises to increase productivity in today's workplace. In this chapter, the transformation of positive psychology into the concept of psychological capital is explained in the field of organizational behavior, and the state of well-being and psychological capital are examined from a theoretical perspective. Besides, it is explained how psychological capital improves employee wellbeing. Psychological capital and well-being are very effective concepts on employee workplace performance, and there are strong relationships between them.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine the impact of top managers' social class on their attitude towards employee downsizing and find that both higher economic and higher social capital increase openness towards employee dismissals, while higher cultural capital reduces it.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors argue that there is no such idea of an umbrella concept of social capital, and instead, two overarching conceptualizations exist, namely individual social capital and collective social capital.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a critical reflection on the concept of social capital. We argue that there is no such idea of an umbrella concept of social capital. Instead, two overarching conceptualizations of social capital exist, namely individual social capital and collective social capital. As these conceptualizations of social capital are completely different, we emphasize that studies using social capital as a theoretical lens should clarify the concept as well as be consistent in the interpretation of the concept, from its definition to its methodological operationalization. In this article, we first map the two different conceptualizations of social capital. Next, these conceptualizations are illustrated with well-known teacher research studies, followed by examples of studies in which individual and collective social capital are mixed. Finally, we discuss the consequences of the use and the mix of these different conceptualizations in terms of measurement methods. Additionally, implications for teacher education are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigate the relative impact of human capital (a director's experiences, skills, and knowledge) and social capital in gaining additional directorships. And they find that directors gaining additional human capital are more likely to acquire additional board seats.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the configuration effect of human capital, social capital, and psychological capital on job performance, and found that four antecedent configurations could achieve high task performance, while three configurations can achieve high contextual performance.
Abstract: The present study investigated the configuration effect of human capital, social capital, and psychological capital on job performance. The human capital questionnaire, social capital scale, psychological capital scale, and job performance scale were used to survey 458 employees. Results revealed that four antecedent configurations could achieve high task performance, and three antecedent configurations can achieve high contextual performance. The high job performance driving path was characterized by “all roads lead to Rome.” Human capital, social capital, and psychological capital affected job performance in the form of configuration, which reflected the asymmetric causal relationship.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the signaling effect of technology-based start-ups' initial stock of Intellectual Capital (IC) on obtaining skilled human capital and found that the quantity of founders with doctorates is correlated with the quality of subsequently hired technical human capital.
Abstract: PurposeIntellectual Capital (IC) is essential to the success of new technology-based firms. A key component of IC is human capital. Human capital is shown to affect firm innovation, growth, and survival positively. This paper investigates the signaling effect of technology-based start-ups’ initial stock of IC on obtaining skilled human capital.Design/methodology/approachThe researcher employs signaling theory to analyze primary data concerning the firm’s initial stock of IC and subsequently hired human capital from founders of 236 technology-based new ventures in the USA Hypotheses are tested through a set of hierarchical linear regressions.FindingsThis study demonstrates that the firms’ IC, in the form of quantity of founders with doctorates and intellectual property, correlates with the quality (average education level) of subsequently hired technical and business human capital. In addition, the quantity of founders with doctorates is correlated with the quantity of subsequently hired technical human capital.Originality/valueThe paper collects retrospective data from founders of technology-based new ventures. While human capital is important for technology-based firms’ innovation and growth, little research has investigated potential connections between firms’ initial IC and subsequent hiring of top-level human capital. This paper investigates these connections explicitly.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a study on the level of social capital in Polish energy companies, whereas the second part compares the levels of Social capital in energy companies and industrial companies in other sectors.
Abstract: Social capital is currently perceived as one of the basic factors of economic development and economic success of enterprises. However, while there is already much research on social capital in enterprises, there has been little such research in the energy industry. The aim of the publication is to fill the gap in this regard. The basic question that the authors try to answer is whether there is a higher level of capital in energy companies compared to other industries, and if so, what the reasons are for this. Apart from answering this question, the authors present their own method of measuring the level of this capital. The first part of the article presents the results of a study on the level of social capital in Polish energy companies, whereas the second part compares the levels of social capital in energy companies and industrial companies in other sectors. According to the study, energy companies generally have higher levels of social capital than companies in other industries. It has been found, however, that individual forms of capital that comprise social capital differ. The most significant differences were observed in relational capital, followed by cognitive capital at a lower value and structural capital at the lowest. The survey also revealed that there is a difference in social capital levels among the researched professional groups: management, administration, and production.
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of employee development practices on intellectual capital through knowledge management was investigated, and the results showed that knowledge management significantly mediated the impact of employee training practices on human capital but not on social capital.
Abstract: There is a shortage of research investigating the link between employee development practices and intellectual capital as mediated by knowledge management. The aim of the current research was to consider the influence of employee development practices on intellectual capital through knowledge management. Data were collected through an instrument distributed to a sample of 464 employees working at information and communications technology companies. The results indicate that employee development practices had significant effects on human capital, knowledge management, and social capital. The results reveal that knowledge management had a significant effect on human capital but not on social capital. Finally, the results show that knowledge management significantly mediated the impact of employee development practices on human capital. Additionally, implications for intellectual capital development, organizational strategy, and academic research are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , the role of the First Nations beneficiary charities in contributing to the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Northern Territory, Australia, as a way of attaining self-determination by closing the expectations gap between First Nations people and the mainstream Australians was examined.
Abstract: This study examined the role of the First Nations beneficiary charities in contributing to the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Northern Territory, Australia, as a way of attaining self-determination by closing the expectations gap between First Nations people and the mainstream Australians. Informed by the theory of self-determination (ethical and functional strands), a latent content analysis of 118 charities serving the First Nations people was conducted, coding the summary of their activities to ascertain their strategic engagement with the SDGs. A network analysis was also carried out to examine the charities’ connections with each other and their collective contribution towards the SDGs. The findings show that charities contribute to creating cultural capital through social capital, followed by intellectual capital dimensions. However, charities contributed little to building environmental capital dimension of the First Nations people. This study examined charities’ engagement with SDGs to build cultural capital in furtherance of self-determination of Australia’s First Nations people.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conceptualized the notion of computer science capital (CSC), which extends Bourdieu's sociological theory of capital and Archer et al.'s work on science capital, by contrasting the concept of science capital with a literature review on key factors affecting students' aspirations in CS.
Abstract: The aim of this conceptual article is to provide a framework and a lens for educators in diversifying and making CS education more inclusive. In this article, we conceptualize the notion of computer science capital (CSC), which extends Bourdieu’s sociological theory of capital and Archer et al.’s work on “science capital.” The CSC concept was developed by contrasting the concept of science capital with a literature review on key factors affecting students’ aspirations in CS. We argue that there is a need to distinguish between science capital and CSC, because the types of capital that are considered legitimate vary between the field of natural science and computer science. The CSC concept uses a sociocultural perspective on learning and can be understood as a form of symbolic capital that is influential in facilitating students’ possibility to fully participate in, engage with, and form aspirations in CS. The CSC concept consists of three main components, each with associated subcomponents. We believe our CSC framework, along with the self-reflection prompts included in this article, will offer support for reflections for educators in their daily pedagogical work. By taking students’ various levels of social and cultural capital into consideration, educators can plan didactic activities with a focus to strengthen students’ various types of capital. This includes reflection on how implicit and explicit norms, beliefs, thoughts, expectations, values, and ideas can affect the pedagogical practices and ultimately the students. Only when we are reflective about our teaching practices can we be better positioned to construct a more inclusive teaching and learning environment.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identify the contribution of social capital to differences in total factor productivity among European subnational regions, but, unlike other studies, they focus on the effects of interregional differences in social capital.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the effect of social capital on financial constraints of Chinese cultural and creative enterprises (CCEs) by disaggregating a firm's social capital into professional, political, and commercial capital.
Abstract: This study investigates the effect of social capital on financial constraints of Chinese cultural and creative enterprises (CCEs). We disaggregate a firm’s social capital into professional, political, and commercial capital. Our empirical results show that professional social capital can significantly reduce CCEs’ investment-cash flow sensitivity and help gain bank loans, thereby alleviating CCEs’ financial constraints. However, political and commercial social capital do not lessen financial constraints. We also find evidence that intellectual property protection acts to amplify the negative relation between professional social capital and financial constraints. These results are robust to alternative measures of key constructs and model specifications.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: The authors revisited the existing research in the field of social capital, trust, and economic growth, with the aim of elaborating a possible extension of the neo-classical model by incorporating social capital into its assumptions.
Abstract: This contribution revisits the existing research in the field of social capital, trust, and economic growth, with the aim of elaborating a possible extension of the neo-classical model by incorporating social capital into its assumptions. It describes the state of the art and definition of social capital and interpersonal trust and discusses the positive and negative relationships between social capital, trust, and growth. It offers a brief discussion of the operationalization of social capital and provides an overview of the empirical findings to date with respect to social capital, trust, and growth. In its conclusions, this contribution calls for further research on the relationship between trust and economic growth.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed and tested a framework that sets social capital apart as the main driver of innovations that contribute subsequent technical value to the innovating organization, and found that social capital resulting from collaborative relationships among inventors has significantly more positive influence on the retained technical value of an innovation than organizational or human capital.
Abstract: PurposeThrough a juxtaposition of social capital with two other forms of intellectual capital – human capital and organizational capital – the author proposes and tests a framework that sets social capital apart as the main driver of innovations that contribute subsequent technical value to the innovating organization.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for measurement of the key variables. Specifically, the analysis includes all 117 innovations patented under the thermal inkjet printing subclass that were issued in the twenty years following the establishment of that specific subclass in 1980. The author also collected additional data on the individuals and organizations listed on each patent.FindingsThe results of the analysis show that all intellectual capital is not the same and that social capital resulting from collaborative relationships among inventors has significantly more positive influence on the retained technical value of an innovation than organizational or human capital.Practical implicationsRather than tout the primacy of individual intelligence to the generation of valuable innovation, this research suggests that it is preferable to bring together a group of inventors with narrow individual scientific expertise who instead rely on broad collaboration networks as a flexible source of diverse knowledge.Originality/valueThis research addresses an area of innovation research that has not been adequately explored – how do different forms of intellectual capital affect the value the resulting innovation has to the innovating organization?
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the relationship between intellectual capital of universities and their performance and found that human capital, organizational capital and relational capital have a significant influence on a university's performance.
Abstract: PurposeOne in every four graduates of the world will be the product of Indian higher education system by the year 2030 as per a report issued by the FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) in 2015. This brings out the growing significance of higher education sector and purpose of the study. The present study tries to explore the relationship between intellectual capital of universities and their performance.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling (SEM) was applied on the dataset of 590 respondents, and the suggested model reiterate that human capital, organizational capital and relational capital have a significant influence on a university's performance.FindingsHuman capital, organizational capital and relational capital have a significant influence on a university's performance. The study strongly recommends that factors like research facilitation, quality of work life, knowledge sharing, industry academia relationship and information disclosure have a strong influence on performance.Originality/valueNot just India, but policymakers across Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) can strategize around intellectual capital to give a push to the fast-growing higher education sector.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors identify the knowledge-based capital in human capital, structural capital, and capital employed by companies and its effect on investment decisions that affect company value and find that managers' attitude to risk as risk-averse weakens the relationship between investment decisions and company value.
Abstract: Various studies show that companies and organizations have realized that knowledge-based capital is an important company asset. Managing the company's knowledge-based capital is one of the important tasks to encourage companies to compete with other companies. This study aims to identify the knowledge-based capital in human capital, structural capital, and capital employed by companies and its effect on investment decisions that affect company value. Through literature review, this concept also incorporates managers' risk attitude, which is part of ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) to develop the concept of Knowledge-based Risk Management (KBRM). Based on path analysis using AMOS, the result shows direct influence of human capital and capital employed on investment decisions is not significant. Meanwhile, the direct influence is significant. Investment decision does not mediate the relationship between human capital, structural capital, and capital employed on company value. Furthermore, managers' attitude to risk as risk-averse weakens the relationship between investment decisions and company value. Based on that result, companies need to reconsider managers’ behaviour in facing risks so that managers able to take risks when deciding on investments in the future and increase the value of the company.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors outline the role of the education system in the formation of human capital, the development of which is a prerequisite for the economic growth of the country and its place in the world environment.
Abstract: The main purpose of thе presented article is to outline the role of the education system in the formation of human capital, the development of which is a prerequisite for the economic growth of the country. The article carries out a study of the theory of human capital as a defining component that ensures the process of development and accumulation of human capital, on which, in turn, the competitiveness of the country and its place in the world environment depend. The importance of educational resources in the creation of human capital is disclosed. The role of investments in human capital, and, in particular, in the educational process, is revealed. The relationship between the level of education and the employee’s salary is characterized. The main directions of influence of human education on the economic growth of the country are distinguished. The article specifies some recommendations that will ensure guarantees of the preservation of the education sector as a factor in the formation of high-quality human capital of the country. Education is defined as a fundamental form of investment in human capital. Lifelong education provides conditions for the formation of a qualified young worker as an individual and a professional in the chosen direction of training and further work at any enterprise. The main task of education is to provide the country with high-quality human capital for effective economic growth. Education has a positive influence on the labor market not only because it increases the competitiveness of workers, but because it accumulates potentially unoccupied young people. It is emphasized that the development of education and training contributes to solving such important tasks of socioeconomic development as accelerating the pace of economic growth, mitigating inequality in the distribution of incomes, improving the quality of the national labor force, directly reducing unemployment and preventing it in the future.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a theory of social capital, which has the potential to reconcile many of the contradictions and problems that exist today in this field of knowledge, such as the impossibility of reducing the rational and irrational aspects of social resources to one denominator, the lack of connection between micro and macro analysis, the tautology of definition, when social capital is defined by its effects, the inability to reduce the manifestations of social assets to a single basis, biased positivity, and others.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to formulate a theory of social capital, which has the potential to reconcile many of the contradictions and problems that exist today in this field of knowledge. The proposed conceptualization has the potential to resolve the following problems: 1) The impossibility of reducing the rational and irrational aspects of social capital to one denominator; 2) Lack of connection between micro and macro analysis; 3) tautology of definition, when social capital is defined by its effects; 4) the inability to reduce the manifestations of social capital to a single basis; 5) biased positivity; and others. First, the author proposes to define social capital through the concept of willingness to do a favor (favor willingness), which is meant to be the basis of social capital (social resource). Next the topic of the sources of this willingness is explored, which, according to the author, are liking for and trust in a social unit (person, group, company, etc.). Next, the concept of social capital infrastructure is introduced, the role of which is to allow for the accumulation of social capital and its transfer between network members. The infrastructure consists of two levels – the social network as a whole and interpersonal relations in particular. At the first level, general liking and trust are accumulated, at the second – personal liking and trust. Next the issue of extracting benefits from social capital (activation, use) is highlighted. After that, examples of the compatibility of this theory with already existing concepts are given. The author concludes that the proposed concept well resolves some key contradictions and problems in the science of social capital.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a new way of analysing bureaucratic encounters following Bourdieu's capital theory is proposed, based on participant observations in the French and German public employment services (PES).
Abstract: Based on participant observations in the French and German public employment services (PES), this article proposes a new way of analysing bureaucratic encounters following Bourdieu’s capital theory. We show that caseworkers who are supposed to support jobseekers into employment, force the allegedly needy jobseekers to accumulate capital, but only in its cultural or social form, and never both at the same time. While there are national differences in the accumulation process, the findings highlight the coexistence of two different strategies: accumulation of cultural capital for a long-term and stable return to employment or accumulation of social capital for a short-term and temporary access to employment. Caseworkers attribute different importance to each type of capital, which results in an uneven distribution that reproduces inequalities through social policy services.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined how female MBAs report increases in knowing-how, knowing-whom and knowing-why, in relation to their male counterparts, and concluded that within the MBA program the gender capital possessed by women serves to support their development of career capital which they may then be able to deploy in the broader domain of business and management.
Abstract: ABSTRACT It is argued that women are held back in their efforts to achieve career advancement by inequitable opportunities to acquire and leverage career capital. Using career capital theory, this empirically grounded investigation examines how female MBAs report increases in knowing-how, knowing-whom and knowing-why, in relation to their male counterparts. Women report significantly larger increases in the knowing-why form of career capital. However, despite the dominant rhetoric highlighting the difficulties faced by women in the development and maintenance of powerful networks, we found no significant difference between the genders in terms of the reported development of knowing-whom. We contribute to career capital theory by considering how gender capital, drawn from feminist Boudieusian scholarship, interacts with theories of social capital. We conclude that within the MBA program the gender capital possessed by women serves to support their development of career capital which they may then be able to deploy in the broader domain of business and management. We discuss the implications for MBA programs and female MBA graduates and prospective students.