Showing papers on "Klebsiella pneumoniae published in 1976"
TL;DR: Findings suggest that amino acids play an important role as regulators of nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae including mutant strains, which produce nitrogenase in the presence of NH+4 is repressed by a mixture of L-amino acids.
51 citations
TL;DR: PC-904 has a very potent in vivo antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and against systemic infections with P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae.
Abstract: PC-904, sodium 6-{d(-)-alpha-(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxamido) phenylacetamido}-penicillanate, is a novel semisynthetic penicillin derivative that possesses a broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. In low concentrations, PC-904 inhibits growth against large proportions of the gram-positive and gram-negative organisms susceptible to carbenicillin and gentamicin. In addition, PC-904 is several times more potent than carbenicillin against organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella, Salmonella, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Bacteroides fragilis. Most striking are the inhibitory effects of PC-904 against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Against these two clinical isolates, PC-904 is, respectively, 35 and 100 times more active than carbenicillin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of PC-904 against P. aeruginosa are comparable to those of gentamicin. PC-904 acts bactericidally. The effect of inoculum size on the antibacterial activity is often small and generally comparable to carbenicillin. The rate of binding to serum protein is high (88 to 98%), but the effect of the addition of serum on the drug's activity is not marked, because such binding is reversible. It is confirmed that PC-904 has a very potent in vivo antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Against systemic infections with P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli in mice, PC-904 is 7 to 10 times, over 8 times, and 2 to 15 times more active than carbenicillin, respectively.
40 citations
TL;DR: Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1 is naturally resistant to infection by bacteriophage Mu and mutants of K. pneumoniae sensitive to Mu infection were isolated and found to support both lytic and lysogenic development of Mu.
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1 is naturally resistant to infection by bacteriophage Mu. Mutants of K. pneumoniae sensitive to Mu infection were isolated and found to support both lytic and lysogenic development of Mu. K. pneumoniae lysogens containing a heat-inducible Mu prophage integrated in his were isolated. Strains carrying deletions extending from his into nif were obtained after heat treatment of these lysogens. Such deletions should be useful for determining the map order and cistronic organization of the nif genes.
40 citations
TL;DR: Cefamandole is a new cephalosporin antibiotic that was tested in vitro against 540 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli and was active against most cEPhalothin-resistant isolate of E. coli but not of K. pneumoniae.
Abstract: Cefamandole is a new cephalosporin antibiotic that was tested in vitro against 540 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. A concentration of 0.39 μg/ml inhibited 95% of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. A concentration of 6.25 μg/ml inhibited over 90% of the isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli, 69% of the isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 31% of the isolates of indole-positive Proteus spp. and Enterobacter spp. It was active against most cephalothin-resistant isolates of E. coli but not of K. pneumoniae.
38 citations
TL;DR: Comparative rates of spontaneous loss of R factor-mediated resistance indicated that Serratia R factors are less stable in E. coli and K. pneumoniae transcipients than in the indigenous hosts.
Abstract: Nineteen of 39 multiresistant strains of Serratia marcescens isolated from clinical sources transferred antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae recipients. Marcesins and/or phage prevented effective resistance transfer to E. coli and attempts to select marcescin-resistant mutants of the E. coli recipient strain were unsuccessful. Transfer of resistance was demonstrated for all drugs tested except nalidixic acid. Approximately 90% of donors resistant to tobramycin, ampicillin, or carbenicillin transferred resistance to these drugs. High levels of transferred resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration, >2,500 μg/ml) were demonstrated particularly for ampicillin, carbenicillin, and kanamycin. Transmissibility of Serratia R factors was greatest between isogeneic strains of E. coli K-12. Comparative rates of spontaneous loss of R factor-mediated resistance indicated that Serratia R factors are less stable in E. coli and K. pneumoniae transcipients than in the indigenous hosts.
33 citations
TL;DR: The data suggests that the inhibitory activity of cephalosporins may be different for gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli.
Abstract: Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were incubated in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of cephalothin. After destruction of the antibiotic, there was a lag phase before S. aureus began to proliferate again. When similar experiments were conducted with E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis, no lag phase was observed. This data suggests that the inhibitory activity of cephalosporins may be different for gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli.
30 citations
TL;DR: The digestion of polypectate by each of the 11 indole-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae studied is reported and the possible significance of pectinolytic activity for the identification of Indole- positive strains of K. pneumoniae, the so-called "Oxytocum" group, is discussed.
Abstract: The digestion of polypectate by each of the 11 indole-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae studied is reported. The possible significance of pectinolytic activity for the identification of indole-positive strains of K. pneumoniae, the so-called “Oxytocum” group, is discussed.
29 citations
TL;DR: Klebsiella aerogenes, KleBSiella pneumoniae, KlebsIElla oxytoca, and KlebsieLLA edwardsii were found to be highly related (similarity values > 90%).
Abstract: The taxonomic positions of several recently described species, Levinea malonatica, Levinea amalonatica, Citrobacter diversus, and Enterobacter agglomerans, were investigated by numerical analysis. A set of 141 strains, for which a total of 240 characters was recorded, was analyzed and also compared with representatives of a set of 384 strains of bacteria, examined in an earlier study, representing genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae. Three clusters of Citrobacter spp. were observed, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter spp., and Levinea amalonatica, with strains received as Citrobacter diversus and Levinea malonatica clustering with the Citrobacter spp. Citrobacter intermedius was concluded to be synonymous with C. freundii. L. malonatica, from the results of this study, was included in the species C. diversus. Hydrogen sulfide-positive strains of Escherichia coli were not judged to warrant separate species status. Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Klebsiella edwardsii were found to be highly related (similarity values > 90%). It is proposed that these species be merged into a single species, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
26 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the Mu-induced mutations of nif arise as the result of insertion of Mu within (or near) the nif operon(s).
Abstract: The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al is not sensitive to infection by bacteriophage Mu. A mutant of K. pneumoniae that is sensitive to Mu infection was isolated. Several Mu-induced auxotrophic mutations of K. pneumoniae including nif, trp, and rtl were isolated and genetically characterized. Evidence is presented that the Mu-induced mutations of nif arise as the result of insertion of Mu within (or near) the nif operon(s). The rtl locus, which determines the ability to utilize ribitol as a carbon source, was found to be linked to nif loci.
24 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: Mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to chloramphenicol, sodium nalidixate and trimethoprim, three unrelated antibiotics, were obtained by including any one of the antibiotics in the culture medium.
Abstract: SPONTANEOUS antibiotic-resistant mutants that arise in bacterial populations are usually only resistant to the particular antibiotic used in the culture medium used for their isolation. In the experiments described here, however, mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to chloramphenicol, sodium nalidixate and trimethoprim, three unrelated antibiotics, were obtained by including any one of the antibiotics in the culture medium. Because these multiply resistant mutants were commonly found in the alimentary tract of animals experimentally infected with antibiotic-sensitive K. pneumoniae and then fed on antibiotic-containing diets they may be clinically important.
TL;DR: Twelve of the products positive for K. pneumoniae were various flavors of gelato, a frozen dessert prepared with pasteurized milk in small retail stores in Metropolitan Toronto, suggesting the importance of human handling in the introduction of K.neumoniae.
Abstract: From 165 dairy products with positive coliform counts on violet red bile agar, 410 of 607 colonies (67.5%) were confirmed as lactose fermenters in brilliant green bile broth with 24 h incubation at 35 C, Eighty-seven nonmotile isolates included 43 IMViC type − − + +, of which 38 were confirmed as Klebsiella pneumoniae. These 38 isolates originated from 25 products, 15.2% of the total examined. Twelve of the products positive for K. pneumoniae were various flavors of gelato, a frozen dessert prepared with pasteurized milk in small retail stores in Metropolitan Toronto, suggesting the importance of human handling in the introduction of K. pneumoniae. Thirteen different serotypes, including types previously associated with clinical infections, were represented in 25 isolates from 25 products. Type 13 occurred most frequently with five isolates from two products, cream cheese spread and cottage cheese, originating from two dairies.
TL;DR: There was a general correlation between amount of enzymic activity and levels of resistance to several beta-lactam antibiotics and variations in the roles intrinsic mechanisms play in resistance to various antibiotics.
Abstract: Various properties (specific activity, inducibility, substrate profile, and susceptibility to inhibitors) of the beta-lactamase activity present in 39 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during a two-month period in the bacteriology laboratory of a large general hospital were investigated. Among the 39 strains there appeared to be at least 16 distinct enzymes. Most enzymes from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus morganii were active against both penicillins and cephalosporins, whereas those from Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed activity primarily against cephalosporins. Both types of enzyme were found among strains of Enterobacter. There was a general correlation between amount of enzymic activity and levels of resistance to several beta-lactam antibiotics. Discrepancies between enzymic activity and resistance to several beta-lactam antibiotics. Discrepancies between enzymic activity and resistance may be due to variations in the roles intrinsic mechanisms play in resistance to various antibiotics.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: The results indicate, that sisomicin is on average 2 – 3 times more effective in vivo than gentamicin.
Abstract: The in vivo antibacterial activity of sisomicin was demonstrated by its ability to protect mice from death following an intraperitoneal infection by a lethal dose of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., E. coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus. The therapeutic activity was compared to that of gentamicin. The results indicate, that sisomicin is on average 2 – 3 times more effective in vivo than gentamicin.
TL;DR: The biochemical characteristics of six strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae that produced H2S in TSI slants are described and it is suggested that the qualities of H 2S and indole production are linked biochemical features acquired by episomal transfer.
Abstract: The biochemical characteristics of six strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae that produced H2S in TSI slants are described. All were biotypical except for the consistent characteristic of indole production. It is suggested that the qualities of H2S and indole production are linked biochemical features acquired by episomal transfer. The attention of bacteriology laboratory workers is directed to these strains, which are easily distinguished biochemically from other H2S-producing organisms by their otherwise biotypical pattern.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: Coliform organisms isolated from black pepper, dry-ginger, coriander, fennel, red chillies, cumin, garlic, fenugreek, turmeric, mustard, tea-masala, and curry powder were subjected to detailed biochemical examinations and Pectobacterium and K. pneumoniae predominated.
Abstract: Coliform organisms (167) isolated from black pepper, dry-ginger, coriander, fennel, red chillies, cumin, garlic, fenugreek, turmeric, mustard, tea-masala, and curry powder were subjected to detailed biochemical examinations. Of these, 129 strains have been classified as Escherichia coli (10 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (41), Klebsiella ozaenae (6), Enterobacter hefniae (5), Enterobacter liquefaciens (6) and Pectobacterium (42). Pectobacterium and K. pneumoniae predominated. Isolates of Escherichia coli have been serologically typed.
TL;DR: Six strains each of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were exposed to subinhibitory, but serially incremental, concentrations of cephalothin and cefoxitin in a totally defined liquid culture medium, and resistance to both drugs developed.
Abstract: Six strains each of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were exposed to subinhibitory, but serially incremental, concentrations of cephalothin and cefoxitin in a totally defined liquid culture medium. After exposure to cephalothin, the level of resistance to both drugs increased; the gain was greater against cephalothin and among the strains of K. pneumoniae. After exposure to cefoxitin, resistance to both drugs developed; this resistance was greater against cefoxitin and among the strains of K. pneumoniae. Acquired resistance was not lost after serial subculture in drug-free medium. Qualitative tests revealed no cephalosporinase activity in the resistant straphylococci and in four of the strains of K. pneumoniae. Two strains of K. pneumoniae, which had been isolated from a patient before and after failure of treatment with cephalothin, respectively, had no demonstrable cephalosporinase activity as isolated but developed activity after exposure to cephalothin in vitro. Bacteria may resist the action of 3-lactam antimicrobics either through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of the 3-lactam ring ((3-lactamases; i.e., penicillinases, cephalosporinases) or through as yet undefined, undestructive mechanisms (indifference; i.e., intrinsic, native resistance). The availability of a 13-lactamase-resistant cephalosporanic acid derivative, cefoxitin, made it feasible to examine acquired resistance in an effort to learn whether (1) the gained resistance resulting from exposure to cephalothin extended also to cefoxitin; (2) the gained resistance resulting from exposure to cefoxitin extended also to cephalothin; and (3) the gained resistance was destructive ((3-lactamase-mediated) or undestructive (intrinsic) in nature. Six isolates each of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied. Susceptibility to cephalothin and cefoxitin was measured before and after multiple exposure in vitro to incremental, but subinhibitory, concentrations of these drugs. Overall, resistance to both drugs resulted from exposure to either antimicrobic. The resistance was intrinsic in nature with the
TL;DR: The membrane-filtration method utilizing m-FC medium for the detection of fecal coliforms yields a colony type easily distinguishable as K. pneumoniae, which appears as atypical light blue, nucleated, mucoid colonies differing considerably from the typical dark blue fecalcoliform colonies.
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human and animal pathogen frequently encountered in the environment. The membrane-filtration method utilizing m-FC medium for the detection of fecal coliforms yields a co...
TL;DR: In a wild strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae the plasmid that determined lactose fermentation also determined resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracyclines, streptomycin, spectinomycin and sulphonamides.
Abstract: In a wild strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae the plasmid that determined lactose fermentation also determined resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracyclines, streptomycin, spectinomycin, and sulphonamides. The plasmid transferred at a very low rate to Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella typhi. By implanting other transfer factors in the strain the rate of transfer and the recipient range were increased. Plasmid transfer from the modified strain to Salm. typhimurium and Salm. gallinarum was detected in the alimentary tract of experimentally infected chicks fed diets containing ampicillin.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: This research highlights the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of canine coronavirus, as a source of infection for other animals, not necessarily belonging to the same breeds.
Abstract: It is well known to us all that antibiotics from the same group may differ in antimicrobial activity.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Most highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were synergistically inhibited by concentrations of both drugs, which can easily be obtained in serum by usual clinical doses.
Abstract: In 14 out of 43 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (33%) the combination cephacetril-colistin showed a synergistic, in 11 strains (25%) an additive effect. In Proteus strains no synergistic action was found. The combination was more likely to be synergistic or additive in strains requiring higher minimal inhibitory concentrations of cephacetril and colistin. Most highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were synergistically inhibited by concentrations of both drugs, which can easily be obtained in serum by usual clinical doses.