Showing papers on "Management styles published in 2011"
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, two types of leadership styles, namely, transactional and transformational, were found to have direct relationship with employees' job satisfaction, which implies that transformational leadership is suitable for managing government organizations.
Abstract: Leadership is a process influence between leaders and subordinates where a leader attempts to influence the behaviour of
subordinates to achieve the organizational goals. Organizational success in achieving its goals and objectives depends on the
leaders of the organization and their leadership styles. By adopting the appropriate leadership styles, leaders can affect employee
job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. Two hundred Malaysian executives working in public sectors voluntarily
participated in this study. Two types of leadership styles, namely, transactional and transformational were found to have direct
relationships with employees’ job satisfaction. The results showed that transformational leadership style has a stronger relationship
with job satisfaction. This implies that transformational leadership is deemed suitable for managing government organizations.
Implications of the findings were discussed further.
306 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The authors show that economic conditions when managers enter the labor market have long-run effects on their career paths and managerial styles, and that managers who began their careers during recessions become CEOs more quickly, but at smaller firms.
Abstract: We show that economic conditions when managers enter the labor market have long-run effects on their career paths and managerial styles Managers who began their careers during recessions become CEOs more quickly, but at smaller firms They also have more conservative styles, such as lower investment in capital expenditures and research and development, more cost cutting, and lower leverage and working capital needs These recession effects appear to be largely driven by the characteristics of the CEO’s first job (recession CEOs tend to start in smaller or private firms), which suggests that the early work environment is important to the formation and selection of managers
289 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explain the theory of attachment styles, why researchers have overlooked attachment styles as an antecedent of organizational behavior, and a possible means of reconciling attachment theory with current models of personality.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the gap between policy and practice between innovation and the changes in social practices that occur in response to such innovation is investigated, drawing upon empirical data from two case studies in Scotland.
Abstract: Educational change is a fact of life for teachers across the world, as schools are subjected to constant and ubiquitous pressures to innovate. And, yet, many school practices remain remarkably persistent in the face of such innovation. This paradox of innovation without change is perplexing for policymakers and practitioners alike. This paper investigates the gap between policy and practice, between innovation and the changes in social practices that occur in response to such innovation. It draws upon empirical data from two case studies in Scotland—schools responding to new curriculum policy—exploring contrasting approaches to the management of innovation. One is a laissez faire approach, and the other a more directive managerial strategy. Through an analytical separation of culture, structure, and agency, derived from the social theory of Margaret Archer, the paper sheds light on the social processes that accompanied innovation in these two settings demonstrating how teacher culture and differing management styles impact upon externally initiated policy.
152 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined teachers' views of their management styles, classified as either coercive or relationship-based, for 145 primary and 363 secondary school teachers in Victoria, Australia, and found that management that combines punishment with aggressive and hostile behaviour can exacerbate misbehaviour and increase student distraction.
Abstract: This article examines teachers' views of their management styles, classified as either ‘coercive’ or ‘relationship’ -based, for 145 primary and 363 secondary school teachers in Victoria, Australia. It finds that management that combines punishment with aggressive and hostile behaviour can exacerbate misbehaviour and increase student distraction. In contrast a combination of rewards and punishments, set in a context of discussion, validation of appropriate behaviour, involvement and trust, will encourage student responsibility and reduce misbehaviour. This study seeks to extend upon a 2001 study that reported generally similar findings from the reports of 3500 students attending the same schools as the teachers whose views are reported in this article. The discussion considers the most effective management strategies for reducing student misbehaviour and distraction, comparing both students' and teachers' views, as well as techniques that increase student responsibility and protection of rights, emphasisin...
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a survey was conducted to identify the degree to which Jordanian teachers practice classroom management styles in their classrooms and their level of teacher self-efficacy, and explore the relationships between classroom management style and teacher selfefficacy.
Abstract: Two main purposes guided this study. The first was to identify the degree to which Jordanian teachers practise classroom management styles in their classrooms and their level of teacher self-efficacy. The second purpose was to explore the relationships between classroom management styles and teacher self-efficacy. This study is quantitative in nature and was conducted using a survey design. A variety of statistical techniques were utilised in this research. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r), means and standard deviations were used as the main statistical techniques. Findings of this study revealed that Jordanian teachers practise the instructional classroom management style more than the other management styles: behaviour management and people management. However, people management was rated the style least practised by Jordanian teachers. Further, Jordanian teachers who participated in this study perceived themselves to have a higher level of personal teacher efficacy compared to gen...
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the relationship between police investigators' decision-making styles, degree of judgmental self-doubt and work conditions, and their wellbeing, stress, burnout tendency and sleep quality.
Abstract: – The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between police investigators' decision‐making styles, degree of judgmental self‐doubt and work conditions, on the one hand, and their wellbeing, stress, burnout tendency and sleep quality, on the other., – The study concerns investigative police officers (n=203). Decision‐making styles were measured by Scott and Bruce's General Decision Making Style scale (GDMS), and judgmental self‐doubt by Mirels et al.'s Judgmental Self‐Doubt Scale (JSDS). Wellbeing was measured by the Satisfaction With Life scale (SWL), and stress and burnout tendency by the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and a scale for Performance Based Self‐Esteem (PBS). Questions on sleep quality and work conditions were also used., – High values on the decision‐making styles Avoidant (tries to avoid making decisions) and Dependent (dependent on advice from others before important decisions) were associated with higher PBS, higher PSQ and poorer sleep quality. In addition, the Avoidant style was associated with lower SWL. Both the Dependent and the Avoidant styles were associated with higher influence experienced by others in the investigative work. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that JSDS explained the outcome measures better than the Dependent and the Avoidant decision‐making styles. Gender analyses showed that male investigators showed higher values on Rational decision‐making style (“exhaustive information search” and “logical evaluation of alternatives”) and female investigators higher values on the Dependent decision‐making style. Female investigators also evidenced a higher degree of stress and performance‐based self‐esteem., – The data were collected in a Swedish context and may not be fully generalizable to other countries., – These results suggest the need to individualize training programs that seek to ameliorate stress and burnout., – This paper furthers understanding of the relation between decision‐making styles and wellbeing and stress in police investigators.
57 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the work-related attitudes (job satisfaction, job stress and the propensity to remain) of Australian academics and their association with organisational, institutional and demographic factors, and found that the organisational factors (management style, perceived organisational support, and the characteristics of the performance management system) exhibited the most significant association with academic workrelated attitudes, with the only significant institutional factor, the declining ability of students, negatively impacting on job satisfaction and job stress.
Abstract: Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the work‐related attitudes (job satisfaction, job stress and the propensity to remain) of Australian academics and their association with organisational, institutional and demographic factors.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected by distributing a survey questionnaire to 750 academics, from 37 Australian universities.
Findings
– The results indicate a moderately low level of job satisfaction, moderately high level of job stress, and high propensity to remain. The findings reveal that the organisational factors (management style, perceived organisational support, and the characteristics of the performance management system) exhibited the most significant association with academic work‐related attitudes, with the only significant institutional factor, the declining ability of students, negatively impacting on job satisfaction and job stress. The findings revealed that work‐related attitudes differ, based on discipline, with science academics found to be more stressed and less satisfied than accounting academics. Different organisational and institutional factors were associated with the work‐related attitudes of academics from these two disciplines.
Practical implications
– The findings will make university management aware of the work‐related attitudes of staff, and the factors that are associated with such attitudes, thereby assisting management in developing management policies, and taking appropriate action to address the concerns of staff.
Originality/value
– The study provides an initial comparison of the work‐related attitudes (job satisfaction, job stress, and propensity to remain) of Australian academics across the accounting and science disciplines. The study also provides an important insight into the association between specific organisational and institutional factors, with the work‐related attitudes of Australian academics across both disciplines.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on an empirical study of communication in business organizations, and the focus is on the actual sociolinguistic behaviour of male and female leaders performing similar tasks, finding that male leaders are more likely to use a wide verbal repertoire style drawing on elements in their speech that are both normatively male and normatively female.
50 citations
TL;DR: Learning styles research has recently developed from simplistic yet popular models, subjected to recent heavyweight criticisms concerning their validity and reliability, into more complex conceptual models based on metacognitive concepts, processing strategies and motivation.
Abstract: As the number of international students and transnational education agreements continue to rise at an unprecedented rate in many countries, an area of research that continues to lag behind is how far students’ learning styles can adapt to different educational contexts. Learning styles research has recently developed from simplistic yet popular models, subjected to recent heavyweight criticisms concerning their validity and reliability, into more complex conceptual models based on metacognitive concepts, processing strategies and motivation. Research based on the latter models tends to be limited to learning styles comparisons of Asian students, particularly from Confucian Heritage Cultures and Western samples. The findings from both psychometric and non-psychometric studies indicate some cultural differences in learning styles. However, there are growing concerns that the application of learning styles concepts from Western cultures and research may not be valid in non-Western education contexts, due to ...
48 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Locke and Botas as mentioned in this paper found that higher education institutions in England were strongly influenced by rankings in both their strategic decision-making and more routine management processes, and that institutional rankings were being used for a broader range of purposes than originally intended, and bestowed with more meaning than data alone may bear.
Abstract: This chapter is part of a larger effort to understand how higher education institutions (HEIs) as organizations are responding to marketization, and how this influences intra-institutional relations, organizational cultures, and management styles (Locke and Botas 2009; Locke 2010). A recent study for the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) by the author and colleagues concluded that institutional rankings were being used for a broader range of purposes than originally intended, and bestowed with more meaning than the data alone may bear (Locke 2008). The study found, in particular, that higher education institutions in England were strongly influenced by rankings in both their strategic decision-making and more routine management processes. Case study institutions reported increasing reference to the rankings by prospective students and their families and by academics seeking job opportunities. Other studies have highlighted their use by employers in the marketing of graduate jobs and the selection of candidates (Morley and Aynsley 2007). Yet, analysis of three UK national tables and two world rankings confirmed they largely reflected institutional reputation and resources rather than the quality or performance of institutions.
TL;DR: It is suggested that both researchers and practitioners can benefit from having a better understanding of how different humor styles affect people and outcomes in organizations.
Abstract: The relationship between individual humor styles and several organizational variables was investigated: stress, satisfaction with coworkers, team cooperation, and organizational commitment. Four humor styles from the Humor Styles Questionnaire were measured. Survey results of 349 participants indicated different humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) can have either a positive or negative effect on organizational outcomes. Results suggested that both researchers and practitioners can benefit from having a better understanding of how different humor styles affect people and outcomes in organizations.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed eight articles on the implications of styles research contained in this special issue of Learning and Individual Differences and three of the papers present original research on topics such as the nature of visualizer cognitive style and intuitive cognitive style.
06 Dec 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the extent to which a number of key organisational variables influence the potential decision to leave the organisation in a sample of managerial-level employees and found that three aspects of internal organisational functioning had a significant influence on the participant's potential turnover considerations.
Abstract: Purpose: The overall purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which a number of key organisational variables influence the potential decision to leave the organisation in a sample of managerial-level employees. Organisational variables focused on included: career path strategies, management style, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, team dynamics, training and development opportunities, and work / life balance. Methodology: An exploratory and descriptive research design was adopted. A questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on the related literature. 106 MBA students based in KwaZulu-Natal participated in the study. Findings: The three aspects of internal organisational functioning found to have a significant influence on the participant's potential turnover considerations were: management / leadership style, career path strategies and rewards. Value of the research: According to the Department of Labour (2008:5) there is need for an additional 22 600 managers in various professions in South Africa. As a result of the skills shortages, South African organisations find themselves competing with international organisations for managerial-level employees, resulting in a 'war for talent'. This research is of significant value to organisations as it provides information relevant to the design and support of talent management and retention strategies in South African organisations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a national sample of 172 university female middle managers and found that women commented on many instances of discrimination, masculine culture, inflexibility regarding their carer responsibilities, lack of recognition and opportunity and an academic/administrative divide that was gender inflected.
Abstract: Women make up 65 per cent of the staff in Australian universities who do not perform academic work. While there is a growing body of research on women in senior management and the experiences of female academics in Australian universities, there is less literature on women working in the administrative stream, especially those in middle management. Using a national sample of 172 university female middle managers, the paper reports on issues for this under-researched cohort. Despite a prevailing Australian paradigm of equal opportunity and anti-discrimination, women commented on many instances of discrimination, masculine culture, inflexibility regarding their carer responsibilities, lack of recognition and opportunity and an academic/administrative divide that was gender inflected. A number of women also queried whether female managers should adopt masculine management styles. Despite indications from this research and the literature that gender issues are worse in other sectors, the numerous comments in ...
TL;DR: In Finland, the Bologna process has been adapted to existing systems of higher education at the national level and a form of implementation is also recognized at the level of the higher education institution as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In Finland, quality assurance related to the Bologna process has been adapted to existing systems of higher education at the national level and a form of implementation is also recognised at the level of the higher education institution. In universities, varied outcomes of quality assurance are based on interaction of organisational structures, management styles and academic cultures. Quality assurance generates direct impacts, which are intended reactions to the audit process and unintended outcomes: transparency, learning, enhanced status of work and social integration, as well as excess work‐load and insignificant benefits at the grass‐root level. Indirect impacts only emerge when intertwined with other processes, motives, actors, relations and pressures. The structures and management of an organisation and culture and position of individual disciplines influence the outcomes of quality assurance. A flat organisational model promotes participation of personnel in the quality assurance work. In addition...
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss expectations and values, building relationships, and organizational culture and structure in the context of the generations of the Millennials and their expectations for work groups and psychological contracts.
Abstract: Overview of the generations -- Millennials -- Expectations and values -- Building relationships -- Psychological contracts -- Organizational culture and structure -- Recruitment and retention tactics -- Training and designing work groups -- Managerial styles.
20 Apr 2011
TL;DR: In the last six years, styles research has moved forward considerably, both conceptually and methodologically and in terms of its successful application within diverse learning environments (Evans and Cools, the authors ).
Abstract: This special edition of Research Papers in Education features the work of members of the Education, Learning, Styles, Individual differences Network, the only multi?disciplinary international research organisation specifically established to promote the importance of work on styles and individual differences within educational and workplace contexts. In the last six years, styles research has moved forward considerably, both conceptually and methodologically and in terms of its successful application within diverse learning environments (Evans and Cools, forthcoming; Evans, Cools, and Charlesworth 2010; Rayner and Cools 2011; Zhang and Sternberg 2009). In this editorial, styles research is used as an umbrella term to encompass cognitive styles, learning styles, approaches to learning, as well as student and teacher beliefs and conceptions of learning and teaching. In so doing, we are highlighting the need to consider more integrated models of styles dimensions that have the potential to capture major individual differences in the way people go about learning (Vermunt and Endedijk, forthcoming). In our work, and building on that of Rayner (2000) and Nosal (1990), we have confirmed the complexity of styles by acknowledging the multi?faceted nature of an individual's personal learning style (Evans and Waring 2009) and the hierarchical nature of styles (Kozhevnikov 2007), respectively.
TL;DR: Management style and nurses’ retention were significantly interrelated in terms of exploitative/authoritative management style and hospital leaders should plan and implement effective strategies to promote nurse retention.
Abstract: Management styles are an essential issue from both theoretical and managerial perspectives. However, success in nursing management is found in being flexible and adaptable to a variety of situation...
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Findings: availability of alternative employment opportunities, absence of distributive justice, autocratic management styles, inadequate salary, un-satisfying nature of work and attitude of the immediate boss were the factors found to be associated with turnover intentions of the doctors of public sector medical colleges and hospitals.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors perceived to be influential on voluntary turnover among full time doctors working in public sector medical colleges and hospitals. Doctors of public sector medical colleges and hospitals are considered to be backbone of providing public health facilities and medical education in Pakistan. Consequently, hiring and retention of talented faculty members is the main concern for Health Ministry and the Allied Departments. Job dissatisfaction is an important determinant of the turn-over rates. This study explores this relation as well as the antecedents of job satisfaction and turn-over intentions among a sample of 231 Public Sector Doctors. Findings: availability of alternative employment opportunities, absence of distributive justice, autocratic management styles, inadequate salary, un-satisfying nature of work and attitude of the immediate boss were the factors found to be associated with turnover intentions of the doctors of public sector medical colleges and hospitals. The result of this study will contribute to the guide lines for the policy makers for implementation of better human resource policy. Further, comparative research between the private to the public sector health organizations, nationally as well as internationally could provide a more clear picture.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on different configurations of leadership or management styles in schools for general and vocational education, using multilevel (students and schools) analyses, strong differences in effective management styles between schools with different student populations were observed.
Abstract: Purpose: In this study the authors focus on different (configurations of) leadership or management styles in schools for general and vocational education. Findings: Using multilevel (students and schools) analyses, strong differences in effective management styles between schools with different student populations were observed. Conclusions: The authors present a description of relevant management factors in different educational contexts.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of management and decision-making styles on job satisfaction of academic staff in Malaysian public universities was discussed, and the authors found that communication was the dominant style of management.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical taxonomy of small medium enterprise (SME) growth in the service sector based on life-cycle and resource-based theories is presented. But, the taxonomy is limited to three life cycle stages.
Abstract: The approach to the life-cycle theory has been used as an analytical tool of the firms' growth. Several researchers argue that organisations move across several development stages where different problems are found resulting from different management styles and priorities, and resources. This research aims to develop an empirical taxonomy of small medium enterprise (SME) growth in the service sector based on life-cycle and resource-based theories. The data were submitted to bivariate and multivariate analyses to develop and test an empirical life-cycle model. It was possible to conclude that the firms could be clustered in three life-cycle stages. Some implications and future researches are addressed.
TL;DR: The role of styles in developing metacognition and self-regulation in learners is discussed in this paper, where the authors use cognitive and learning styles in educational practice and discuss the relationship between styles and individual learning differences.
TL;DR: Research has demonstrated how appropriate and effective communication is used to promote organizational health and how inappropriate communication may decrease employee satisfaction.
Abstract: Communication is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing managers and leaders today. Clearly articulating ideas and expectations to employees is vital to the productivity and the longevity of an organization. Furthermore, the style in which the communication is delivered has an influence on the satisfaction levels of employees. Research has discovered that there are many different styles in which a leader may communicate with employees. Research has provided several methods that aid in determining which style is the most appropriate for any given circumstance. Research has demonstrated how appropriate and effective communication is used to promote organizational health. Furthermore, research has demonstrated how inappropriate communication may decrease employee satisfaction. Finally, research has provided methods to aid in improving communication styles and delivery.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a case for more diverse assessment techniques within the same course, connecting our knowledge on individual learning styles to a theory of "testing styles", by allowing students to choose between different formats for participation, exams, and other assignments, educators acknowledge students' individual styles and allow them to show what they really know as opposed to how well they take tests.
Abstract: Professors seem to be more aware of different student learning styles than ever before and are utilizing various teaching techniques in order to appeal to different students in their classes. Unfortunately, presenting materials is only one side of the coin, while the other side—assessment—has not received the same amount of attention. After all, if teachers can agree that students have different methods for learning, does it not stand to reason that they have different methods of reproducing this knowledge as well? This article makes a case for more diverse assessment techniques within the same course, connecting our knowledge on individual learning styles to a theory of “testing styles.” By allowing students to choose between different formats for participation, exams, and other assignments, educators acknowledge students' individual styles and allow them to show what they really know as opposed to how well they take tests. The author's major claims are supported by the results of an experimental design ...
TL;DR: A brief review of teaching and learning styles used in management education can be found in this paper, where the authors suggest ways to assess the teaching styles of management educators and students, based on the Felder-Silverman model and A.F. Grasha's work.
Abstract: Drawing on the learning theory of the Felder-Silverman model (2002), and the work of A.F. Grasha, this paper provides a brief review of teaching and learning styles used in management education. Professors, like students, demonstrate a number of learning styles and a professor has some responsibility to organize and present a course to satisfy students’ varied learning styles. After a brief review of the literature this paper suggests ways to assess the teaching and learning styles of management educators and students.
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical model of global analysis that covers relevant factors in the different performance areas of management (culture, management style, employee involvement and influence, remuneration, training and development, recruitment and selection, and job security/lay-offs) is proposed.
Abstract: This study explores the changes in human resource management, which take place after a public company's privatisation and proposes a theoretical model of global analysis that covers relevant factors in the different performance areas of management (culture, management style, employee involvement and influence, remuneration, training and development, recruitment and selection, and job security/lay-offs). To confirm the theoretical propositions posed, contemporary multiple case studies are used as a research methodology, with a scientific analytical induction approach through the replication logic (analytical generalisation) and a partially deductive approach.
TL;DR: The legacy of McGregor's Theory Y can be characterized as a set of beliefs that are antecedents to participative and involvement modes of management, that these modes are associated with success backed by considerable evidence, yet are not practiced by the majority of people in management and leadership positions.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief history and perspective on the influence of McGregor's Theory Y on research about and practice of management and leadership. Although best known for Theory X and Y, Douglas McGregor involved himself in more than theory. He was for a time President of Antioch College, a builder of a strong academic program of management and organizational behavior in the Sloan School of Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and a pioneer in the origination of organization development.Design/methodology/approach – The legacy of Theory Y can be characterized as a set of beliefs that are antecedents to participative and involvement modes of management, that these modes are associated with success backed by considerable evidence, yet are not practiced by the majority of people in management and leadership positions. Moreover, the track record of management and leadership in the USA is not exactly exemplary, for example, at least half of those in manageme...
TL;DR: The field of intellectual styles is one that has been constantly searching for its identity within the larger context of literatures such as education, psychology, and business and the levels of interest in the notion of styles have waxed and waned in the past seven decades.