Showing papers on "Monocytosis published in 1995"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The cytologic profile of BALF obtained from horses with IAD differed from that in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suggesting that the pathogenesis of inflammation in horses withIAD may differ from that of chronic obstructives pulmonary disease.
Abstract: Cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), including phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes, was performed on 32 Standardbreds with poor race performance and endoscopic examination findings characteristic of inflammatory airway disease (IAD). Nucleated cell counts in BALF from IAD-affected horses were higher than those in control horses; the cytologic profile of BALF in affected horses included mixed inflammation, characterized by mild neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. Eosinophil and mast cell counts were not higher in the IAD-affected group, compared with those in the control group; however, 4 IAD-affected horses had marked eosinophilia (24.7 +/- 4.8% SEM) in BALF. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes in BALF obtained from IAD-affected horses revealed a low proportion of CD4-positive cells and B cells, compared with those in the control group; these findings may have been representative of a greater proportion of non-B, non-T cells (null cells) in horses with IAD. The cytologic profile of BALF obtained from horses with IAD differed from that in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suggesting that the pathogenesis of inflammation in horses with IAD may differ from that of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
111 citations
TL;DR: Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome were diagnosed according to the French‐American‐British (FAB) criteria, and studied retrospectively in a single institution in order to study indicators which were prognostically significant.
Abstract: Two hundred and twenty-six patients were diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), according to the French-American-British (FAB) criteria, over a 13-year period, and studied retrospectively in a single institution in order to study indicators which were prognostically significant. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data indicated that the FAB classification, the Bournemouth, Dusseldorf, Goasguen, Sanz and FAB Scoring Systems were all good predictors of survival. We found advancing age, haemoglobin (Hb) < or = 9 g/dl, platelet count < or = 50 x 10(9)/l, increased peripheral total white cell count (WCC) and monocytosis, increased bone marrow blasts, dysgranulopoiesis, and bone marrow fibrosis were significant adverse prognostic variables. The commonest complication and cause of death was infection; however, infective episodes were not significantly associated with low neutrophil counts (either < or = 1.5 x 10(9)/l or < or = 0.8 x 10(9)/l) and there was also no significant association between neutropenia and survival. These findings indicate that neutrophil dysfunction plays an important role in the clinical progression of patients with MDS. The effect of new therapeutic modalities, such as the haemopoietic growth factors, on reducing infective episodes may be as significant as their effect on increasing neutrophil counts.
43 citations
TL;DR: A Phase I trial combining M‐CSF with R24, a mouse monoclonal antibody against GD3 ganglioside that has been shown to localize to melanoma tumors, induce inflammation at tumor sites, and result in major tumor responses in some patients with melanoma was performed.
Abstract: Background. Macrophages activated by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) are potent immune effector cells and can mediate both in vitro cytotoxicity and antitumor effects in vivo. A Phase I trial combining M-CSF with R24, a mouse monoclonal antibody against GD3 ganglioside that has been shown to localize to melanoma tumors, induce inflammation at tumor sites, and result in major tumor responses in some patients with melanoma was performed. Methods. Nineteen patients with metastatic melanoma received a 14-day continuous intravenous infusion of 80 μg/kg/day of recombinant human M-CSF. R24 was administered daily by intravenous infusion on days 6-10 at doses of 1, 3,10, 30, and 50 μg/m 2 /day. Results. All patients developed pruritus and urticaria; 13 patients developed transient thrombocytopenia less than 100,000/mm 3 . The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. All patients developed a monocytosis characterized by increased expression of the antigen HLA-DR and decreased expression of CD14, a phenotype reported to represent a subpopulation of monocytes active in mediating antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity. Other biologic effects of treatment included marked but transient decreases in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein. Three patients experienced tumor regression in breast, liver, and lymph node metastases and received a second course of therapy. Six of the 19 patients, one of whom received no further therapy, survived more than 2 years and 4 of these patients remain alive 24 to 37 months after treatment. Of the six patients with liver metastases, three (50%) survived more than 2.5 years and one remains alive at 37+ months. Conclusions. Combination therapy with R24 and M-CSF resulted in both clinical and biologic effects that warrant further investigation of this combination. Cancer 1995 ;75 :2251-7.
42 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: FISH analysis of PB leukocytes of patients with CMML is informative when studying the clonality of the disease, and suggests that the supernumerary chromosome does not influence cellular differentiation and maturation.
Abstract: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subtype, characterized by monocytosis, dysgranulocytosis and a low number of blast cells in the peripheral blood (PB). The clonal nature of MDS has been demonstrated by various techniques: the stem cell involved initially is capable of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique which can be utilized without any pretreatment on whole interphase cells. In this study leukocytes of PB Wright-stained smears from four CMML patients with trisomy 8 (three cases) and 9 (one case) have been analyzed by FISH. Utilizing a probe for the centromere of chromosome 8 and for the heterochromatic region of chromosome 9, we observed the cells involved by trisomy. In each of the four cases neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes may show trisomy 8 or 9, whereas lymphocytes resulted disomic. The comparison between leukocytes morphology and genotype suggests that the supernumerary chromosome does not influence cellular differentiation and maturation. We conclude that FISH analysis of PB leukocytes of patients with CMML is informative when studying the clonality of the disease. Chromosomal abnormalities seem to involve a hematopoietic cell committed to myeloid but not lymphoid differentiation. Trisomies 8 and 9 seem to confer some proliferative advantage without influencing the morphologic characteristics of leukocytes. Other causes will be investigated to explain dysmorphisms of neutrophils and monocytes typical of this disease.
28 citations
TL;DR: There was an association between elevated TNF-alpha and anemia in these patients and the hematologic manifestations of MAI in 37 HIV-infected infants and children were reviewed.
Abstract: Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection is a serious opportunistic infection that occurs in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In MAI the hematologic system is profoundly affected. In the present study the hematologic manifestations of MAI in 37 HIV-infected infants and children were reviewed. Anemia was the predominant feature in all patients, with severe anemia (hemoglobin < 6 g/dL) occurring in 7 of 34 (21%) patients. This was followed by leukopenia (79%), monocytosis (82%), thrombocytopenia (59%), leukoerythroblastic reaction (68%), and neutropenia (41%). Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was markedly elevated in all patients with MAI with an X ± SE of 702 ± 182 pg/mL. There was an association between elevated TNF-α and anemia in these patients.
18 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Despite the observed biological activity of both rhM-CSF and D612 and the previously described in vitro synergy, no clinical antitumor responses were observed in this Phase II study.
Abstract: In a Phase II study, 14 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer received the mAb D612 (40 mg/m2, days 4, 7, and 11) in combination with recombinant human monocyte colony-stimulating factor [(rhM-CSF) 80 micrograms/kg/days 1-14] The combined treatment was well tolerated and resulted in characteristic biological activity associated with each of the agents Thus, 10 of 14 patients experienced D612-associated secretory diarrhea, which responded to the prostaglandin inhibitor Indomethacin in 5 of 7 patients rhM-CSF therapy was associated with peripheral monocytosis (peak absolute monocyte count, 1444 +/- 394/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (nadir count, 78 +/- 10/mm3) Monocyte surface marker analysis revealed a high baseline expression of CD16+ cells in our patient population with an additional increase with rhM-CSF therapy We observed a correlation between the degree of thrombocytopenia and the pretreatment CD16+ monocyte count Of the plasma cytokines assayed, serum Neopterin demonstrated the most consistent increase during rhM-CSF therapy There was a significant difference in the half-life of the first and last dose of D612 (358 +/- 2 versus 27 +/- 29 h; P < 005) Eleven of fourteen patients developed low-moderate levels of anti-D612 antibody Despite the observed biological activity of both rhM-CSF and D612 and the previously described in vitro synergy, no clinical antitumor responses were observed in this Phase II study
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 10 children with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia were seen over a period of 12 years (1980-1991) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Abstract: Ten children (five boys and five girls) with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia were seen over a period of 12 years (1980-1991) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. With the exception of one who was aged 4.5 years, all children were below 4 years of age (mean age 20.4 months). The presenting features included fever, bleeding secondary to thrombocytopenia, marked hepatosplenomegaly, and skin rash. The striking hematological features were anemia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral blood monocytosis, and normoblastemia. There was no significant myeloid proliferation in the bone marrow aspirate (mean M:E = 5:1), while erythroid proliferation was prominent along with monocytosis (mean 11.2%). Fetal hemoglobin was raised in 8 of the 10 patients (mean 14.1%). Long-term survival was poor, with maximum survival being 18 months in one case. New modalities of management of this rare entity are discussed.
3 citations
TL;DR: In February 1987, a 42-year-old Caucasian man was referred to the authors' department with symptoms of left recurrent nerve palsy and a 12-month history of lymphadenopathy involving both sides of the neck, the axillae and the anterior mediastinum, and the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease, interfollicular type was made and confirmed by external expert review.