Showing papers on "Paging published in 1995"

Minimizing the average cost of paging under delay constraints

Abstract: Efficient paging procedures help minimize the amount of bandwidth expended in locating a mobile unit. Given a probability distribution on user location, it is shown that the optimal paging strategy which minimizes the expected number of locations polled $E[L]$ is to query each location sequentially in order of decreasing probability. However, since sequential search over many locations may impose unacceptable polling delay, D, optimal paging subject to delay constraints is considered. It is shown that substantial reductions in E[L] can be had even after moderate constraints are imposed on acceptable D (i.e., D \leq 3). Since all methods of mobility management eventually reduce to considering a time-varying probability distribution on user location, this work should be applicable to a wide range of problems in the area. most notably those with additive cost structures.

Mobile user location update and paging under delay constraints

Abstract: Wireless personal communication networks (PCNs) consist of a fixed wireline network and a large number of mobile terminals. These terminals are free to travel within the PCN coverage area without service interruption. Each terminal periodically reports its location to the network by a process called location update. When a call for a specific terminal arrives, the network will determine the exact location of the destination terminal by a process called terminal paging. This paper introduces a mobile user location management mechanism that incorporates a distance based location update scheme and a selective paging mechanism that satisfies predefined delay requirements. An analytical model is developed which captures the mobility and call arrival pattern of a terminal. Given the respective costs for location update and terminal paging, the average total location update and terminal paging cost is determined. An iterative algorithm is then used to determine the optimal location update threshold distance that results in the minimum cost. Analytical results are also obtained to demonstrate the relative cost incurred by the proposed mechanism under various delay requirements.

Method and apparatus for booting a computer system without pre-installing an operating system

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided that significantly reduces the inconvenience of placing a computer system in a useful state. The invention quickly boots the system without preinstalling the operating system and allows installation of the operating system to occur without usurping the computer's resources from a user. A full version of the operating system is made accessible to the user by a boot device having sufficient capacity to hold the full operating system. A local media of the computer system is formatted so that the operating system may perform memory management functions, such as paging and swapping, if necessary. Consequently, the system is usable without requiring preinstallation of the operating system. The files relating to the operating system may be transferred from a boot device to a local media at a more convenient time, or performed as a concurrent or background process.

Method and apparatus for selecting a control channel based on service availability

Abstract: A communications system in which information is transmitted in a plurality of time slots grouped into a plurality of superframes which are, in turn, grouped into a plurality of paging frames. A remote station receives paging messages once in each paging frame.

Intelligent paging strategies for third generation mobile telecommunication systems

Abstract: Location management procedures, in conjunction with the millions of users expected to subscribe to third generation mobile telecommunication systems, will generate a huge signaling load. In this paper, we propose a method which aims at the reduction of signaling overhead on the radio link produced by the paging procedure. The key idea is the application of a multiple step paging strategy which operates as follows: at the instance of a call terminating to a mobile user who roams within a certain location area, paging is initially performed in a portion of the location area (the paging area) that the so-called "paging related information" indicates. On no paging response, the mobile user is paged in the complementary portion of the location area-this phase can be completed in more than one (paging) step. Various "paging related information" elements (e.g. recent interaction information, high mobility flag, etc.) can be used and several "intelligent" paging strategies can be defined. Representative paging strategies are analyzed in terms of network performance and quality of service (paging signaling, paging delay, processing power requirements), via a simulation tool which models a realistic city area environment. >

Position registration for cellular satellite communication systems

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a mobile radio telephone in a satellite communication system is disclosed. First, a mobile radio telephone scans a plurality of paging channels and measures the signal strength of the paging channels. The mobile radio telephone then selects the paging channel with the strongest signal strength and decodes the information broadcasted on the selected channel. The information contained in the paging channel can include frequencies or timeslots of paging channels in surrounding spot beams. The mobile station then measures the signal strength of paging channels in surrounding spot beams and quantizes the measurements to determine a coarse position of the mobile radio telephone.

Cellular mobile communications system

Abstract: In a cellular mobile access communications system each mobile terminal registers its location at intervals. From the registration history of each mobile, a probable group of cells within which a mobile terminal may be located is predicted. When a mobile is to be paged, the paging message is transmitted to the predicted cell group. If no response is received from the terminal, the page message is then broadcast to further system cells. This reduces the overall paging load on the system.

Access control device featuring key ordering or key simultaneity

Abstract: A secure entry system makes use of radio transmissions to communicate with locks, keys, and related components throughout the system. The radio transmissions can be made using a paging system, a cellular telephone system, or any other RF carrier. Some embodiments employ a cellular telephone in lieu of an electronic key. Others integrate a paging receiver within an electronic key to provide a unit with dual functionality. The system is illustrated with reference to exemplary applications in the industrial site security, real estate lockbox, and transportation fields.

Efficient paging system

Abstract: A method for efficiently paging a mobile phone in a radio communication system having a plurality of mobile phones is disclosed. A first paging signal is transmitted for a mobile phone on a first try channel. If the mobile phone does not acknowledge the first paging signal within a predetermined period of time, the call is transferred to at least a second try channel. A second paging signal is then transmitted for the first mobile phone on at least the second channel.

Remote initiated messaging apparatus and method in a two way wireless data communications network

Abstract: A two-way communications system provides ubiquitous wireless data communication services, such as throughout the continental United States, by using a network of only a few, widely distributed radio base station (RBS) sites and the existing paging network infrastructure. A network hub or mission operation center (MOC) coordinates the operation of the paging systems and RBSs from a central location. The paging network infrastructure is used as an outbound link over which each of the field units is regularly provided with a outbound data message containing information on the available frequencies and time slots the field units can use to transmit inbound data messages to the RBSs. If any of the field units desires to transmit data to MOC, the field unit selects an available frequency from the outbound data message, and transmits its data at the selected available frequency and time. At least one of the RBSs will receive the inbound message and route it to the MOC which then sends an outbound acknowledgment message, via the paging network, to the field unit which sent the inbound message.

System for transmitting paging signals using time-division multiplexing

Abstract: A time-division multiplexed paging system for transmitting multiple paging messages on the same frequency. A geographic area is divided into a plurality of cells (30-50) having base stations that transmit radio frequency signals in the cells. Each base station is assigned a time slot (A, B or C) at which paging messages may be transmitted. The assignment is made such that no base stations having overlapping radio frequency coverage areas transmit during the same time. A locate signal is simultaneously broadcast throughout a geographic area in order to locate a paging unit (P1). Upon receipt of the locate signal, the paging unit (P1) transmits an acknowledge signal back to the paging system. The cell (30) in which the paging unit (P1) is located is determined based upon the signal strength of the received acknowledged signal. A paging message is transmitted from the base station in the cell (30) in which the paging unit (P1) is located during the time slot (A) that is assigned to the base station.

Subscriber paging control in a mobile communication system

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile communication system and a method for controlling subscriber paging messages in a mobile communication system. The base stations of a mobile communication system are arranged according to their traffic load into paging groups with different priorities, so that base stations with a traffic load level lower than a predetermined threshold value have a higher priority in the selection of base stations for transmitting a paging message than base stations with a traffic load level higher than said threshold value. A paging message for a mobile station is first transmitted via the lightly loaded base stations (71, 72, 73, 74) of the location area of the mobile station.

Combination telephone and alphanumeric entry device

Abstract: A combined telephone AED simply integrates the function of a telephone and an alphanumeric entry device required for alphanumeric paging into a single unit by making use of the handset cradle switch to reset the unit from page mode to telephone mode whenever the handset is lifted. Paging operation is simplified through pre-stored entries in a directory giving both voice and paging numbers with the appropriate number being identified by the previously selected mode of the operation of the unit. Special purpose paging and speed dial buttons serve the combined function of identifying a mode of operation and initiating a search of the directory to reduce the number of keystrokes required of a user during typical operation.

Method and apparatus for establishing two way communications between a pager device and a paging service provider

Abstract: A two way communications path is established between a pager device (10) and a paging service provider (100). The pager device generates a control command (201) for the paging service provider, converts the control command (210) into signals recognizable by a telephone network, and transmits (215) the signals to the paging service provider over the telephone network (50). The paging service provider receives (315) the signals from the pager device over the telephone network, generates (350) one or more messages for the pager device in response to these signals, and sends (375) the message(s) to the pager device over a wireless paging network (150). The pager device receives (275) the message(s) over the wireless paging network.

Randomized and multipointer paging with locality of reference

Abstract: What is the best paging algorithm if one has partial information about the possible sequences of page requests? Borodin, Irani, Raghavan and Schieber [2] proposed a framework in which such questions can be addressed, by studying the competitive analysis of paging algorithms in the access graph model. This model restricts page requests so that they conform to a notion of locality of reference, given by an arbitrary access graph. It can also be viewed as an example of a diffuse adversary model, as defined by Koutoupias and Papadimitriou [11]. We present two results in this model. The first is a randomized algorithm which is strongly competitive against oblivious adversaries for undirected access graphs. We also present strongly competitive algorithms against adversaries that can use multiple pointers into the access graph in order to construct the reference sequence. This models more closely a multiprogramming environment, or a situation in which there are multiple threads of control.

Method and apparatus for identifying the location of a roaming pager

Abstract: A system for communicating location data regarding the present service area for a "roaming" cellular paging device in a paging system. Each cellular paging device monitors a cellular network control channel to detect a cellular system identification signal transmitted by a cellular mobile radiotelephone (CMR) system. If the cellular system identification signal does not match a preassigned code for a host CMR system associated with the paging system, it responds by transmitting an identification signal to the MSC via the cellular network control channel. This identification signal includes: (1) a unique identification code that identifies the source of the identification signal, and (2) at least a portion of the system identification signal that was received by the cellular paging device. The CMR system determines that the identification signal has been transmitted by a "roaming" device associated with another CMR system and, accordingly, sends the identification signal to a verification system. In turn, the verification system communicates with the paging system to update the current service location of the cellular paging device. This allows the paging system to send pages to the service area where the paging device is actually located rather than sending pages to all possible service areas.

A mobile user location update and paging mechanism under delay constraints

Abstract: A mobile user location management mechanism is introduced that incorporates a distance based location update scheme and a paging mechanism that satisfies predefined delay requirements. An analytical model is developed which captures the mobility and call arrival pattern of a terminal. Given the respective costs for location update and terminal paging, the average total location update and terminal paging cost is determined. An iterative algorithm is then used to determine the optimal location update threshold distance that results in the minimum cost. Analytical results are also obtained to demonstrate the relative cost incurred by the proposed mechanism under various delay requirements.

Automated seamless cellular telephone network for establishing communication link

Abstract: A system for establishing a communication link between a caller and a mobile communication device that includes a mobile telephone and a paging device capable of receiving information transmitted from a paging network. In addition to the mobile communication device, the system includes a telephone network, a first mobile switching center, a conference bridge, a paging network, and a second mobile switching center. The first mobile switching center receives a telephone call transmitted over the telephone network using an identification number of the mobile telephone. If the mobile communication device is not located in the area covered by the mobile switching center, the mobile switching center forwards the received telephone call to a conference bridge using a bridge number assigned to the mobile communication device. The conference bridge receives the forwarded telephone call and transmits an identification number of the paging device in the mobile communication device to the paging network. The paging network receives the paging number and transmits a page to the paging device using the paging number. In response to the page, the mobile communication device calls the conference bridge using a bridge callback number. In response to the callback from the mobile communication device, the conference bridge connects the caller to the mobile telephone in the mobile communication device.

Method and apparatus for selective buffering of pages to provide continuous media data to multiple users

Abstract: Buffer space and disk bandwidth resources in a continuous media server are continuously re-allocated in order to optimize the number of continuous media requests which may be concurrently serviced at guaranteed transfer rates using on demand paging. Disk scheduling is provided to ensure that whenever an admitted request references a page of data, the page is available in a buffer for transfer to a client. Data for continuous media data files are stored on disk or held in the buffer to eliminate disk bandwidth limitations associated with concurrently servicing any number or combination of requests, provided buffer space is sufficient. Multiple requests for continuous media data files are selectively included in groups for servicing in order to provide that buffer and disk bandwidth requirements are maintained at a minimum and within available resource capabilities.

Method and apparatus for processing telephone calls and delivering information about the calls to a pager

Abstract: The invention provides a apparatus and method for processing incoming telephone calls directed to a user. Incoming telephone calls have certain status information which is generated by the call processor. A transmitter is utilized for transmitting pages to a paging devices carried by users. The paging devices have a display device associated with them and the transmitted page includes the status information associated with an incoming call for display on the display of th paging device.

Translator having segment bounds encoding for storage in a TLB

Abstract: A computer system emulates segment bounds checking with a paging system. Pages entirely within a segment are designated as `clear pages`, while the first and last pages containing segment bounds may be partially-valid pages. The computer system has a memory with a segment descriptor table and an active segment descriptor cache. The active segment descriptor cache holds a copy of the segment descriptors for the active segments in a central processing unit (CPU). The active segment descriptor cache also hold the first and last clear page numbers and the first and last linear address offsets for the active segment. A software segment load routine copies portions of the segment descriptor from the segment descriptor table to the active segment descriptor cache when a user program loads a new segment. Only the segment base address is copied to the CPU die; the segment limit and selector need not be stored on the CPU die. The CPU has a translation-lookaside buffer (TLB) that includes bounds fields and a comparator for signaling when an offset portion of a linear address is outside the bound on a page. A TLB miss routine compares the linear address to the first and last clear pages in the active segment descriptor cache and loads a fully-valid page if the linear address is between the first and last clear pages, but loads the bounds field with the page offset of the segment bound if the linear address is to a partial page at the bounds of the segment.

Alphanumeric paging entry system

Abstract: A low cost alphanumeric paging entry and page receiving device for entering alphanumeric messages remotely from a telephone and receiving pages via radio frequency signals. The device is designed so that both page reception and alphanumeric page entry can be provided using substantially the same hardware. The entry functionality uses simplex communications, using a system of Baudot tones to send page messages to a paging system for transmission to other similar devices.

Pager for wireless control and method therefor

Abstract: A wireless paging device (10) is able to control an electronic device (50) at a remote location. The wireless paging device includes a receiver (12) such as those typically used in pagers to detect when a particular electronic device is being remotely accessed. If the electronic device is being remotely accessed, a data processing system (20) stores an incoming message in a buffer (24) and subsequently determines if the incoming message is a command or another type of communication (34, 36). The data processing system will process a command to provide the proper control signals for controlling the functionality of the electronic device (50).

Low power communications protocols: paging and beyond

Abstract: Paging subscriber devices leverage multiple technologies to achieve low power and long battery life: semiconductors, circuits, systems architecture and network protocol. While many types of electronic devices have capitalized on low-power features for several of these technologies, few other than personal paging services have taken advantage of opportunities presented by well designed protocols with explicit power-reduction features. This paper will review the state-of-practice in existing paging services, and discuss the relevance of such techniques to other wireless communication systems.

Wide area two-way paging using a mesh network with paging receivers

Abstract: A wide area paging broadcast channel for transmitting a page signal throughout a prescribed geographic area over a broadcast channel in response to a page request. At least one subscriber transceiver is located within the prescribe geographic area for receiving the page. In response to the received page signal, the subscriber transceiver transmits information back to the paging control center. However, the backhaul to the paging control center is accomplished by a plurality of base stations. Each base station forms a node in a mesh network of base stations which covers the prescribed geographic area. The subscriber transceiver may transmit information packets to nodes within the mesh network using a multiple access scheme with or without carrier sense access. The mesh network automatically selects which neighboring node to use for forwarding packets. Finally, a gateway device links the mesh network of base stations to the control center. The gateway device then forwards the transmitted information from the subscriber transceiver to the paging control center over the telephone network.

System for locking down part of portion of memory and updating page directory with entry corresponding to part of portion of the memory locked down

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for providing exchange of data between a peripheral device having a paging mechanism and an application operating in a virtual machine which includes a page directory for exclusive use by the paging mechanism of the peripheral device. The virtual machine is running on a data processing system and preferably contains a block of memory which is divided into various sections of memory. The page directory is provided to the paging mechanism of the peripheral device when the application requires the use of the peripheral device. A section of memory is selectively locked down in response to the section of memory being utilized by the application. Additionally, the page directory is updated with an entry which identifies the section of memory that is locked down. Memory may also be locked down in order to permit the peripheral device to access that section of memory. The page directory is selectively updated thereafter by mapping entries into the page directory in order to track memory usage within the block of memory utilized by the virtual machine. The page directory is preferably created at the same time the virtual machine is created. Memory for utilization by the virtual machine is preferably locked down while the virtual machine is in the foreground. When the virtual machine is terminated or moved into the background, the sections of memory that have been locked down are then unlocked or freed for other use.

A unified analysis of paging and caching

Abstract: Paging (caching) is the problem of managing a two-level memory hierarchy in order to minimise the time required to process a sequence of memory accesses. In order to measure this quantity, we define the system parameter miss penalty to represent the extra time required to access slow memory. In the context of paging, miss penalty is large, so most previous studies of on-line paging have implicitly set miss penalty=/spl infin/ in order to simplify the model. We show that this seemingly insignificant simplification substantially alters the precision of derived results. Consequently, we reintroduce miss penalty to the paging problem and present a more accurate analysis of on-line paging (and caching). We validate using this more accurate model by deriving intuitively appealing results for the paging problem which cannot be derived using the simplified model.

Nationwide airport luggage tracking system and method

Abstract: A system and method of tracking luggage pieces in any airport across a wide geographic area involves the attaching of a beeper paging unit to each luggage piece and causing any selected beeper units to beep wherever located in a geographic area served by a paging system.

Gateway for low cost alphanumeric paging entry system

Abstract: A low cost alphanumeric paging entry system is based on a low cost paging (LCP) device to enter paging messages remotely from any telephone. The device is designed to minimize the needs for user training and is intended for intuitive operation by the user. The device uses simplex communications, using a system of Baudot tones, to send the paging message to the paging system for transmission to the intended recipient. A gateway is a device intended to interface between such an LCP device and an otherwise conventional paging system. The gateway provides a series of audible prompts to the user to facilitate easy and intuitive entry of the paging message to the gateway. The gateway then re-formats the paging message into a standard digital paging message format and re-transmits the message to a pagan system for transmission to the recipient.