Showing papers on "Perceptual psychology published in 1979"

Cognitive psychology and information processing : an introduction

Abstract: This book makes a serious effort to cover almost every area of cognitive psychology. There are content chapters on: reaction time, attention, episodic memory, multistore models, semantic memory, psycholinguistics, comprehension, discourse processing, and (by James F. Juola) pattern reception. In addition, there are four chapters on metatheoretical matters and on the various fields that have contributed to information-processing psychology. There is a brief epilogue, terminal bibliography, author index, and subject index. Overall, the book is high level (perhaps a bit too much so) and excellent. It is clearly the best single-volume book I have seen that would serve as a graduate text. Undergraduates would find some of it heavy going. Every chapter is outlined and well organized. The writing is clear. Each chapter begins with a 2-3 page outlined abstract of the chapter. These abstracts are superb. They are so helpful that the reader may feel he can skip reading the chapter! I have one minor and one major criticism. The minor one is that the pattern recognition chapter seems out of place. The major one concerns the first four chapters (over 125 pages). In these chapters a great deal is said about philosophy of science, metatheoretical issues, and the importance of paradigms in science in general as well as in psychology in particular. Obeisance is made to Kuhn. This theme of the importance of paradigms, and especially of changes in paradigms, is carried to some extent throughout the content chapters. I totally disagree. I see no relevance at all of the Kuhnian approach to what psychology was, is now, or will become. This book could have been shortened by almost 100 pages (which would improve it) if the first four chapters were reduced to one, a brief one. Other than that, this is an excellent book.

Descriptions a basis for memory acquisition and retrieval Cognitive Psychology

Abstract: Abstract : This paper postulates that the processes of memory retrieval operate upon descriptions which provide an initial specification of the information being sought, guide the memory search process, and help determine the criteria for verification of whatever information is retrieved. Descriptions provide a basis for a set of iterative processes for both memory acquisition and retrieval. In acquisition, memory descriptions and records can be elaborated in ways intended to aid later retrieval. In retrieval, the initial description of the information sought can be modified as intermediate information becomes available during the retrieval cycle. Two important aspects of memory descriptions are discriminability and recoverability: their ability to discriminate among all possible records in memory and the likelihood that they can be recovered at the time retrieval is required. An analysis using descriptions provides a consistent interpretation of a number of different memory phenomena, including depth of processing, some interference phenomena, accessibility and encoding specificity, mnemonics, and some properties of naturalistic recall.

Human Visual Cognition: A Study in Experimental Cognitive Psychology

Abstract: Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing human visual cognition a study in experimental cognitive psychology as the reading material.

Cognitive/information processing psychology and instruction: Reviewing recent theory and practice

Abstract: With increasing frequency, constructs developed within the field of cognitive/information processing psychology are being employed in the development of instructional theory. This article attempts to organize a broad range of developments in instructional psychology which have this common origin. Particular emphasis is placed on the applicability of constructs such as data structures and procedures. Recent developments in instructional psychology are discussed relative to cognitive task analysis, individual difference variables, and cognitive models of interactive instructional decision-making. Implications for future theory and practice are considered.

Social psychology at the crossroads: Its encounter with cognitive and ecological psychology and the interactive perspective

Abstract: This article discusses the implications for social psychology of recent developments in the neighbouring fields of cognitive and ecological psychology. The authors stress the importance of studying the cognitive processes directly instead of inferring them as hypothetical constructs from aggregate responses. This paradigmatic shift implies a change in the conduct of research from the traditional nomothetic perspective to a neo-idiographic one. A method of representational contextualization is offred to generate the affective and cognitive deep structure from surface, first order data. This structure identified as the internal environment, reflects simultaneously the construction of reality by a situated individual and the recoding rules operating in such a construction.

Impact of Learning Styles on Air Force Technical Training: Relationships among Cognitive Style Factors and Perceptual Types.

Abstract: : The purpose of the study was to investigate simultaneously the four cognitive styles, field dependence-independence, reflectivity-impulsivity, leveling-sharpening, and visual-haptics. Results indicated that although the constructs overlapped somewhat, each cognitive style has enough unique characteristics that each must be considered individually. When using cognitive styles as a variable in future research with Air Force technical training, perhaps requirements of specific tasks involved in the training will dictate which cognitive style discussed in this preliminary investigation holds the most promise. (Author)