Showing papers on "Perspective (graphical) published in 1987"

Output Sector Munificence Effects on the Internal Political Economy of Marketing Channels

Abstract: Like any system, a marketing channel will thrive only to the extent it can secure critical resources from the environment. Using a resource dependence perspective, the authors hypothesize that a we...

Aesthetics, affect, and cognition : Environmental preference from an evolutionary perspective

Abstract: Scenes of the outdoor physical environment vary substantially in the extent to which they are preferred. Variables empirically found to predict preference can be analyzed both in terms of their inf...

A language/action perspective on the design of cooperative work

Abstract: In creating computer-based systems, we work within a perspective that shapes the design questions that will be asked and the kinds of solutions that are sought. This article introduces a perspective based on language as action, and explores its consequences for system design. We describe a communication tool called The Coordinator, which was designed from a language/action perspective; and we suggest how further aspects of coordinated work might be addressed in a similar style. The language/action perspective is illustrated with an example based on studies of nursing work in a hospital ward and contrasted to other currently prominent perspectives.

The clinical perspective in fieldwork

Abstract: Discovering the Clinical Perspective How the Clinical and the Ethnographic Relationship Differ Gathering, Analyzing, and Validating Data Professional and Ethical Issues in Clinical Versus Ethnographic Work

Restoring a Sense of Control during Implementation: How User Involvement leads to System Acceptance.

Abstract: User involvement has long been considered a critical component of effective system implementation. However, the perspective has suffered from mixed results of empirical tests and the lack of a theoretical explanation for the relationship (Ives and Olson, 1984; Baroudi, et al., 1986). Our purpose is to present a theoreticallygrounded perspective to account for effects of involving users during implementation, and to provide an initial test of this perspective. We propose that: (1) system implementation represents a threat to users’ perceptions of control over their work and a period of transition during which users must cope with differences between old and new work systems; (2) user involvement is effective because it restores or enhances perceived control. Results of a field experiment designed as a preliminary test of this perspective are discussed.

A perspective of coronary disease seen through the arteries of living man.

Abstract: \"A LONG DISPUTE,\" Voltaire (himself an incorrigible disputant) was fond of saying, \"means both parties are wrong.\" Cardiology's longest debate concerns the pathogenesis of acute coronary disease. Today the resolution seems at hand: thrombus is once again the cause of acute infarction and thrombolysis is its cure. We do not wish to say, as Voltaire might, that this consensus is wrong, but it is incomplete because it leaves unanswered a crucial set of pathophysiologic questioins: What events precede coronary thrombosis? After formation of thrombus begins, are there fates other than infarction? At what points can the evolution of any of the acute (or chronic) coronary syndromes be arrested? Our Perspective proposes a systematic description-a paradigm-of the pathophysiology of acute and chronic coronary artery disease in man that deals specifically with these three questions. In the past year we have taken a metaphoric voyage through the coronary arteries of living man, using fiberoptic angioscopes. Through this exploration, we have seen the coronary endothelial surface in both acute and chronic coronary syndromes. Our unanticipated discovery has been that each of the common clinical presentations seems to have a specific, identifiable endothelial pathology. We will first describe

Women and Politics: An International Perspective

Abstract: Since the 1960s, the increasing involvement of women in mainstream politics and the impact of the "second wave" of feminism have given rise to an enormous volume of writing on women and politics. Drawing on material from a wide range of capitalist, state-socialist, and Third World countries, "Women and Politics" provides a comprehensive introduction to, summary, and analysis of this body of writing. This second edition has been greatly expanded and revised in light of recent debates and changes in women's political situation in the economic recession of the 1980s. Randall examines the increasingly extensive data available on women's political participation and the chief factors that obstruct or encourage it. An entirely new section on women in the Third World has been added. Finally, Randall provides an up-to-date analysis of contemporary feminism as a political movement, its impact on policy in the 1970s, and the changing prospects for both in the 1980s.

Toward a Developmental Theory of Children's Motivation in Sport

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review Nicholls' developmentally based theory of achievement motivation and apply this perspective to children's sport. Five areas of research are reviewed that support the relevance of Nicholls' theory to the sport domain. Based on Nicholls' framework, several considerations are presented for future research on the development of achievement motivation in sport.

Family management in the prevention of morbidity of schizophrenia: social outcome of a two-year longitudinal study.

Abstract: Effective community treatment of schizophrenia involves not merely the removal of florid symptoms, but restoration of effective social role functioning. The efficacy of a family management approach is compared with an individual approach of similar intensity in terms of its impact on the patient's social adjustment after a florid episode of schizophrenia. Clinical reports, patient self-reports, and interviews with the family members of 36 patients, who were randomly assigned to family or individual management, demonstrated a consistent superiority for family management. The advantages for the family approach were sustained over a two-year period. The potential mechanisms through which the family approach may have achieved its greater efficacy are discussed from a multi-determined perspective.