Showing papers on "Perspective (graphical) published in 1991"

Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions

Abstract: We examined 155 information systems research articles published from 1983 to 1988 and found that although this research is not rooted in a single overarching theoretical perspective, it does exhibit a single set of philosophical assumptions regarding the nature of the phenomena studied by information systems researchers, and what constitutes valid knowledge about those phenomena. We believe that a single research perspective for studying information systems phenomena is unnecessarily restrictive, and argue that there exist other philosophical assumptions that can inform studies of the relationships between information technology, people, and organizations. In this paper, we present two additional research philosophies for consideration-the interpretive and the critical-and for each we provide empirical examples to illustrate how they are used. We conclude by suggesting that much can be gained if a plurality of research perspectives is effectively employed to investigate information systems phenomena. Philosophical assumptions—Research approaches—Positivist research—Interpretivist research—Critical research

Managerial Fads and Fashions: The Diffusion and Rejection of Innovations

Abstract: Reviews indicate that the dominant perspective in the diffusion of innovation literature contains proinnovation biases which suggest that innovations and the diffusion of innovations will benefit adopters. As a result, it is difficult to either address or begin answering the questions: when and how do technically inefficient innovations diffuse? or when and how are technically efficient innovations rejected? This article has two goals: (1) to develop a typology that focuses attention on three less dominant perspectives that can be used to guide research on these questions and (2) to suggest how organizational scientists can develop more encompassing theories of innovation diffusion and rejection by using the theoretical tensions that exist between the dominant perspective and the three perspectives developed in this article. These resolutions are important because they indicate that processes which prompt the adoption of efficient innovations may coexist with processes that prompt the adoption of ineffici...

Effects of Word-of-Mouth and Product-Attribute Information on Persuasion: An Accessibility-Diagnosticity Perspective

Abstract: The effects of word-of-mouth (WOM) communications and specific attribute information on product evaluations were investigated. A face-to-face WOM communication was more persuasive than a printed format (experiment 1). Although a strong WOM effect was found, this effect was reduced or eliminated when a prior impression of the target brand was available from memory or when extremely negative attribute information was presented (experiment 2). The results suggest that diverse, seemingly unrelated judgmental phenomena—such as the vividness effect, the perseverance effect, and the negativity effect—can be explained through the accessibility-diagnosticity model.

Designing Experiments and Analysing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective.

Abstract: Contents: Preface. Part I: Conceptual Bases of Experimental Design and Analysis. The Logic of Experimental Design. Introduction to the Fisher Tradition. Part II: Model Comparisons for Between-Subjects Designs. Introduction to Model Comparisons: One-Way Between-Subjects Designs. Individual Comparisons of Means. Testing Several Contrasts: The Multiple-Comparison Problem. Trend Analysis. Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Designs. Higher Order Between-Subjects Factorial Designs. Designs With Covariates: ANCOVA and Blocking. Designs With Random or Nested Factors. Part III: Model Comparisons for Designs Involving Within-Subjects Factors. One-Way Within-Subjects Designs: Univariate Approach. Higher-Order Designs With Within-Subjects Factors: Univariate Approach. One-Way Within-Subjects Designs: Multivariate Approach. Higher Order Designs With Within-Subjects Factors: Multivariate Approach. Part IV: Alternative Analysis Strategies. An Introduction to Multilevel Models for Within-Subjects Designs. An Introduction to Multilevel Hierarchical Mixed Models: Nested Designs. Appendices: Statistical Tables. Part 1. Linear Models: The Relation Between ANOVA and Regression. Part 2. A Brief Primer of Principles of Formulating and Comparing Models. Notes. Solutions to Selected Exercises. References.

The science of art : Optical themes in western art from Brunelleschi to Seurat

Abstract: Part 1 Lines of sight: perspective 1 - from Brunelleschi to Leonardo perspective 2 - from Durer to Galileo perspective 3 - from Rubens to Turner. Part 2 Machine and mind: machines and marvels seeing, knowing, and reating. Part 3 The colour of light: the Aristotelian legacy Newton and after.

The Family and the Firm: A Coevolutionary Perspective

Abstract: In a family firm, the strands of the family system are so tightly interwoven with those of the business system that they cannot be disentangled without seriously disrupting one or both systems.

Attribution and expressed emotion in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract: Indexes of expressed emotion (EE) in 58 relatives of patients with schizophrenia were related to those relatives' spontaneously expressed causal beliefs about the illness and about related symptoms and behaviors. Relatives made attributions predominantly to factors external, universal, and uncontrollable from their own perspective, and to factors internal, universal, and uncontrollable from the patient's perspective. Low-EE relatives were similar in their attributions to emotionally overinvolved relatives. Compared with these two groups, critical and/or hostile relatives made more attributions to factors personal to and controllable by the patient. Subsequent analyses suggested that hostile relatives were further characterized by making more attributions to factors internal to the patient and by making attributions with fewer causal elements.

Perspectives in Child Care Policy

Abstract: Part 1: The importance of child care law and policy. Part 2 Laissez-faire and patriarchy: the main elements of the perspective some authors associated with the perspective rationale and underlying values criticisms of laissez-faire - empirical support, problems with the implications for policy, problems of rationale and underlying values the perspective in practice - laissez-faire in 19th-century English child care law, laissez-faire in the 1970s and 1980s in United States child welfare law, policy and practice note on the decline and defence of patriarchy references relevant to this perspective. Part 3 State paternalism and child protection: the main elements of the perspective some authors associated with the perspective rationale and underlying values criticisms of state paternalism and child protection - empirical suport, problems with the implications for policy, problems of rationale and underlying values the perspective in practice - paternalism and protection in English child care law and policy in the early 20th century, paternalism and protection in English child care law and policy in the 1970s references relevant to this perspective. Part 4 The modern defence of the birth family and parents' rights: the main elements of the perspective some authors associated with the perspective rationale and underlying values criticisms of the modern defence of the birth family and parents' rights - empirical support, problems with the implications for policy, problems of rationale and underlying values the perspective in practice - the defence of the birth family in English child care law and policy in the 1950s and 1960s, the defence of the birth family in child welfare policy in Australia in the 1970s references relevant to this perspective. Part 5 Children's rights and child liberation: the main elements of the perspective, some authors associated with the perspective, rationale and underlying values, criticisms of the children's rights and child liberation perspective - empirical support, problems with the implications for policy, problems of rationale and underlying values the perspective in practice - children's rights in Norway in the 1980s, other signs of the perspective in practice references relevant to this perspective. Part 6 Convergences and divergences: points of convergence between the four perspectives - the focus on children, the state and the blood tie, areas of convergence in the first three perspectives points of divergence between the four perspectives the understanding of child welfare the view of the family the origins of child care problems the role of the state the concept of rights the view of society and social problems.(Part contents)

The Context of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Garment Industry: An Institutional Perspective:

Abstract: This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is made up of driving and restraining forces from both the competitive and institutional sectors of the ...

Facilitating talk about new ideas: The role of personal relationships in organizational innovation

Abstract: This research focuses on the relational and network conditions conducive to talk about new ideas. Although talk about new ideas does not guarantee implementation, it is a necessary and essential element in the overall innovation process. This paper includes two studies grounded in a perspective informed by politeness theory and the fundamental concern individuals have for the maintenance of personal face. The studies highlight the importance of relationships characterized by high content and role multiplexity, the relational attributions underlying the ties in which this type of talk occurs, and more. Discussion of the implications of these findings as well as directions for future research are also included.

Handling the Discontinuous Aspects of Continuous Social Relationships: Toward Research on the Persistence of Social Forms

Abstract: This essay describes selected features of the behavioral construction of long-term relationships. A distinction is advanced between the life history oi a social relationship and the interactional co-presence of the relationship partners. The logics of relationship-based behavior and interaction-based behavior are thus contrasted. Some social relationships are defined by their communities as continuous, that is, as extending beyond the moments when the partners are in face-to-face interaction with each other. Three spatiotemporal frameworks, in which devices for constructing the continuity of social relationships in anticipation of, during, or subsequent to periods of physical and interactional non-co-presence, are discussed. The implications of this perspective for the study of strategic communication and of the continuity of other social forms are noted.

Qualitative age differences in memory for text: a life-span developmental perspective.

Abstract: Qualitative differences in memory for text among 4 age groups (mean ages = 14.14, 17.55, 48.35, and 67.12 years) were examined in this study. Participants produced written recall and summary responses after presentation of a story and an essay. The response protocols were scored for their reproductive, elaborative, and metaphoric content. Age-group differences were observed in the quality of the responses. In general, the adolescent recall and summary responses were reproductive and text based, whereas the adult responses were more reconstructive and interpretive. Age-group differences were especially apparent in the story condition: The adolescents recalled and summarized the story's propositional content, whereas many of the adults recalled and summarized the story's psychological and metaphoric meanings as well. Individual difference variables accounted for much of the age-related variability in the essay but not in the story responses.

Race differences in intelligence: A global perspective

Abstract: Abolition Of Work Ai Alternative Medicine Artificial Intelligence Ascension Astronomy Atheism Atlas Shrugged Automation Ayn Rand Bahamas Bankruptcy Basic Income Guarantee Bitcoin Caribbean Censorship Cf Chess Engines Childfree Cloning Cloud Computing Conscious Evolution Cosmic Heaven Cryonics Cryptocurrency Cyberpunk Darwinism Designer Babies DNA Donald Trump Eczema Entheogens Ethical Egoism Eugenics Euthanasia Evolution Extropian Extropianism Extropy Fifth Amendment Fifth Amendment Financial Independence First Amendment Fiscal Freedom Food Supplements Fourth Amendment Fourth Amendment Free Speech Freedom Freedom of Speech Futurism Futurist Gambling Gene Medicine Genetic Engineering Genome Germ Warfare Golden Rule Government Oppression Hedonism High Seas Hubble Telescope Human Genetic Engineering February 2019 M T W T F S S

The Current Status of Research on Sequential-Request Compliance Techniques

Abstract: Three meta-analyses have been conducted on the foot-in-the-door literature and two on the door-in-the-face This article presents a qualitative comparison and synthesis of those quantitative reviews First, an overview of the findings is presented Next, two recent attempts to develop a theoretical perspective that accounts for both request sequences are examined Finally, attention is given to questions that are as yet unresolved