Showing papers on "Phenol published in 1975"

Decontamination procedures for skin exposed to phenolic substances.

Abstract: Spraying or swabbing with a mixture of polyethylene glycol 300/industrial methylated spirits (PEG-300/IMS) (2:1 by volume) has been shown to substantially reduce mortality, systemic effects, and skin burns resulting from skin contamination by phenol, cumene hydroperoxide, or phenol/acetone cleavage product. The skin-damaging potentials of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid have also been investigated. PEG-300/IMS (2:1 by volume) mixture was found, in rats, to be slightly less effective than water as means of decontamination. The PEG-300/IMS mixture has been shown not to cause eye irritation, and so should not present a hazard where this mixture is used as a decontaminant spray.

Hydrocarbon-substituted methylol phenols

Abstract: Hydroxy aromatic compositions containing (a) a hydroxyl group bonded directly to a carbon of an aromatic nucleus, (b) a hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus, (c) at least one methylol or lower hydrocarbyl substituted methylol substituent bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus, and not having any alkylene linkages between carbon atoms of two aromatic nuclei are useful as additives for normally liquid fuels and lubricating oils. These hydroxy aromatic compositions are also useful as intermediates for preparing other additives for fuels and lubricants. Typical hydroxy aromatic compositions of the present invention are formed by reaction of formaldehyde with an alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted phenol wherein the alkyl or alkenyl substituent contains an average of about 50 carbon atoms.

Vinyl halide stabilizer compositions of antimony organic sulfur-containing compounds and ortho-dihydric phenols

Abstract: A vinyl halide resin stabilizer composition which essentially contains: A. an antimony organic sulfur-containing compound, for example, antimony alkyl mercaptides, antimony mercaptoacid esters and the like, and B. an ortho-dihydric phenol, such as catechol, t-butyl catechol and 2,3-dihydroxy naphthalene. These compositions synergistically contribute to the heat stability of vinyl halide resin compositions and offer significant heat stabilization economies. Early color as well as long term heat stability performances of antimony organic compounds are improved in the compositions disclosed thereby permitting the reduction in amounts of such compounds needed for stabilization. Stabilizer compositions which are liquids and shelf-stable at ambient temperatures are also disclosed.

Oxidation of monohydroxy aryl compounds to 1,4-quinones

Abstract: A monohydroxy aryl compound, e.g., phenol or α-naphthol, or a mono- or dialkyl phenol or α-naphthol, is oxidized to the corresponding monomeric 1,4-quinone in a nitrile solution containing a soluble copper-nitrile complex catalyst by reaction with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature in the range of about from 0° to 100° C. and under an oxygen partial pressure of about from 7 to 200 atmospheres, and at least about 20 atmospheres when the compound being oxidized is phenol. The elevated oxygen pressure favors conversion to the monomeric quinone, as contrasted to polymeric products.

Process for the hydroxylation of phenols and phenol ethers in the nucleus

Abstract: A process for the hydroxylation of phenols and phenol ethers in the nucleus with hydrogen peroxide wherein a phenol or a phenol ether is reacted at the start of the reaction with substantially anhydrous hydrogen peroxide and wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a strong acid.

Process for reacting a phenol with an epoxy compound

Abstract: A process for reacting a phenol with an epoxy-containing compound is disclosed. This process comprises reacting a polyepoxide having more than one vic-epoxy group with a phenol in the presence of a potassium iodide catalyst. The products resulting from this process are also disclosed.

Treatment of aqueous waste

Abstract: In the process of producing phenol from cumene, aqueous waste streams result which are contaminated with organic materials, particularly phenol, which are made innocuous to the environment only with substantial difficulty. A process is described to reduce the biological oxygen demand of these aqueous wastes, particularly the phenol content, by a liquid extraction step whereby a highly aromatic fraction of an organic waste stream in the phenol process is used as the solvent. The process includes provision for simultaneous preparation and recovery of the solvent as well as recovery of the phenol.

Process for the hydroxylation of phenol

Abstract: A process for the production of pyrocatechol and hydroquinone by the hydroxylation of phenol in the nucleus with hydrogen peroxide, wherein phenol is reacted at the start of the reaction with substantially anhydrous hydrogen peroxide and wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a strong acid.

Chlorination in dilute aqueous systems; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.

Abstract: Chlorination of wastewaters can cause extensive transformations of organic contaminants. In the case of phenol, the reaction path is only partially understood. In an effort to elucidate this reaction, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in dilute aqueous solution was treated with excess hypochlorous acid at pH 3.5–6. The major products were 2,6-dichloroquinone and 2,4,4,6-tetrachloro-2,5-cyclohexadienone. Additional polychlorinated species are formed in minor amounts by the addition of chlorine and/or hypochlorous acid to the aromatic ring.

Friable tertiary amyl phenol sulfides as vulcanizing agent

Abstract: Tertiary amyl phenol sulfides are made in flaked form by reacting tertiary amyl phenol with sulfur monochloride at a mole ratio of 0.7 to 0.95 moles of the phenol to one mole of sulfur monochloride. The hot liquid reaction product is then flaked on a cooled surface. The use of tertiary amyl phenol sulfides as a sulfur donor in the vulcanization of rubber is facilitated by its ease of shipping and handling in flaked form.

Disinfectant composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, a phenol, and formaldehyde

Abstract: A disinfectant composition is made with three essential active ingredients comprising (1) a quaternary ammonium compound, (2) a phenol or a derivative thereof, and (3) formaldehyde. The composition provides enhanced disinfecting efficacy of a synergistic nature, since the composition is more inhibitory and/or lethal to a greater variety of bacteria than is any one of its components or the sum of the separate effects of its components.

Catalytic conversion of phenol to cyclohexanol and/or cyclohexanone

Abstract: Phenol is reacted with hydrogen in contact with a nickel catalyst, wherein the concentration of hydrogen is controlled, and/or wherein controlled amounts of water are included in the reaction mixture, to produce cyclohexanol, or preferably cyclohexanol plus cyclohexanone. Optionally, the product stream from this reaction is used as the feed stream for a dehydrogenation reaction to produce cyclohexanone.

Steel plate coated with thermosetting phenol resin and bisphenol A type epoxy resin

Abstract: A coated steel plate suitable for bonding with a polyamide adhesive comprising a steel plate having coated thereon (a) a composition comprising a thermosetting phenol resin and a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, the thermosetting phenol resin comprising the condensation product obtained on reacting under refluxing a phenol and formaldehyde in less than one mol per equivalent of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the presence of an alkali catalyst; (b) a composition comprising a thermosetting phenol resin and a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, the thermosetting phenol resin comprising the condensation product obtained by washing with water the condensation product obtained by reacting under refluxing a phenol and formaldehyde in less than one mol per equivalent of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the presence of an alkali catalyst and then heating the condensation product to temperatures above about 60° C; (c) a composition comprising a thermosetting phenol resin and a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, the thermosetting phenol resin comprising the condensation product obtained by washing with water a condensation product obtained by reacting a phenol and formaldehyde in an amount more than about one mol per equivalent of the phenolic hydroxyl group under refluxing in the presence of an alkali catalyst and, then, further heating the condensation product to a temperature higher than about 60° C with the addition of a phenol in an amount such that the total amount of the phenolic hydroxyl group is greater than one equivalent per mol of formaldehyde; or (d) mixtures thereof.

Polymerization of polyfunctional phenols

Abstract: A polyfunctional phenol is polymerized utilizing a carrier catalyst comprising a palladium carboxylic acid salt in a carboxylic acid medium.

Light protecting agents

Abstract: New substituted p-hydroxybenzoic acid phenyl esters are light protecting agents for polymers. They are prepared by acylation of a corrsponding phenol with an appropriate acid chloride.

Process for the production of o-phenylphenol

Abstract: A method of preparing an o-phenyl phenol from a cyclohexanone which comprises the steps of forming an o-cyclohexenyl cyclohexanone from the cyclohexanone by condensing the cyclo-hexanone in the presence of an inherently sulphur-free condensation catalyst, and then dehydrogenating the resulting o-cyclohexenyl cyclohexanone by contacting the o-cyclohexenyl cyclohexanone with a dehydrogenation catalyst in the presence of sufficient sulphur in the form of elemental sulphur or an organo-sulphur compound to improve the selectivity of the dehydrogenation catalyst with respect to the formation of o-phenyl phenol.

Process for alkylating the ortho-position of phenol compounds

Abstract: A process for alkylating the ortho-position of a phenol compound which comprises catalytically reacting a phenol compound containing at least one hydrogen atom at its ortho-position with an alcohol in the gaseous phase, characterized by that the catalyst containing iron oxide, silica, chromium oxide and one or more of alkali metal compound is used.

Process for direct methylation of phenol in liquid phase

Abstract: Phenol is directly methylated in liquid phase while in the presence of gamma aluminas derived from Ziegler alcohol synthesis. The reaction is carried out continuously in liquid phase at temperatures of from about 300° to 400° C, liquid hourly space velocities of from about 1.0 to 15.0, pressures of from 500 to 1500 pounds per square inch gauge and a methylating agent to phenol mol ratio of from about .1 to about 3.0. High selectivity and yield of desired products such as ortho cresol, 2,6-xylenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol is obtained, while minimizing m,p cresol formation.

Simultaneous measurement of infrared spectra and adsorption isotherms for the adsorption of phenol on silica at the solid/liquid interface

Abstract: An infrared cell is described with which spectra of species adsorbed at the solid/liquid interface and the corresponding adsorption isotherms can be determined simultaneously. The system has been tested by a study of the adsorption of phenol onto silica immersed in carbon tetrachloride. Isolated hydroxyl groups on the oxide surface form hydrogen bonds with adsorbed phenol molecules. The combined adsorption isotherm and spectroscopic results have enabled an estimate to be made of the population of isolated hydroxyl groups on the sample of silica studied.

Determination of phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio of resol resins by infrared spectroscopy

Abstract: A series of resol-type phenol-formaldehyde resins with varying phenol/formaldehyde (P/F) molar ratio were investigated by infrared spectroscopy The infrared spectroscopic data suggest that absorbance ratio of D2920, D1610, D1150, D1010, and D760 based on 1 590 cm−1 band can be used for the determination of phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio of the resins

Sulfo-containing phenol-formaldehyde condensates

Abstract: Spreadability and/or strength of water-setting inorganic bonding compositions are improved by incorporating in them a water-soluble condensation product of formaldehyde with a diphenol ##STR1## The condensation can also take place in the presence of a water-soluble sulfite, a water-soluble sulfamate, a water-soluble pyrosulfite, a phenol sulfonic acid or a naphthalene sulfonic acid.

Process for the partial substitution of ammonium lignosulfonate for phenol in phenolic-aldehyde resin adhesives

Abstract: A process for making a phenol-aldehyde resin adhesive is disclosed in which a portion of the phenol ingredient is replaced with ammonium lignosulfonate. Solid ammonia base waste sulfite liquor residue is dissolved or suspended in phenol and the mixture is heated to a temperature range of 150°-300° C under autogenous pressure until the resulting phenol-ammonium lignosulfonate component of the reaction mass is water insoluble but soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction mass may be washed with water to remove soluble wood sugars and their derivatives. The phenol-ammonium lignosulfonate component may then be condensed with an aldehyde resulting in a resin product that is useful as an exterior adhesive, having suitable water insolubility and adhesive characteristics. The ratio of ammonium lignosulfonate to phenol may range from 2:1 to 1:10, depending upon the desired properties of the finished adhesive.

Use of Thin-Layer and Paper Chromatography for Detection of Ortho- and Para-Quinones Formed in the Course of Phenol Oxidation

Abstract: In order to detect the labiles in the aqueous solution of the benzene- and naphthoquinones, they were preliminarily transformed with the aid of the benzene sulphinic acid into stable sulphonic derivatives Methods were developed of the chromatographic detection on paper and in a thin layer of the β-naphthol, phenol, ortho-, para-dioxybenzenes and their sulphonic derivatives with joint presence in the solution of ortho- and para-isomers of the dioxyderivatives For the chromatographic separation of the ortho- and para-derivatives, the ability of ortho-isomers to form chelate complexes with boric acid or to precipitate with mean laed acetate salt was made use of With the aid of the given method, the stage of the quinone formation in the course of abiogenic and biochemical (under the action of Nitella sp) oxidation of benzene, phenol, β-naphthol, pyrocatechol, hydroquinone has been proved Oxidation under the action of Nitella sp leads to the formation of the dioxybenzene ortho-isomers and their derivatives

Process for producing alkylphenols

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing alkylphenols by oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic aldehydes with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and hydrolysis thereof. More particularly, under the presence of hydrogen fluoride alkyl substituted aromatic aldehydes are oxidized and converted selectively to aromatic alkyl phenol formates by hydrogen peroxide, without converting to corresponding aromatic carboxylic acid. After the completion of the oxidizing reaction, the produced alkyl phenol formates are hydrolyzed to corresponding alkyl phenols at the time of removing the remaining hydrogen fluoride by distillation.

Preparation of prehnitenol

Abstract: Prehnitenol (2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenol) is prepared by reacting pentamethylphenol with phenol in the liquid phase using a catalyst selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide.