Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 1975"

Measurements of self-diffusion coefficients of water in pure water and in aqueous electrolyte solutions

Abstract: Self-diffusion coefficients of water in pure water and in aqueous solutions of several electrolytes at various temperatures have been measured using the diaphragm cell method with deuterium as tracer. Electrolytes investigated were ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and lithium chloride. Dissolved ammonium chloride and potassium chloride have practically no effect on the diffusion of water molecules. Potassium nitrate tends to increase the diffusion rate of water, while the other electrolytes reduce the diffusion rate with increasing concentrations. From the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficients of water in electrolyte solutions the activation energies have been determined. The results are discussed by considering the effect of hydration.

Chemical method of strengthening glass articles subjected to abrasion resistance treatment

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemical method of strengthening glass articles subjected to abrasion resistance treatment, which comprises (1) a first step of applying a metal oxide-forming compound to the surface of a heated glass article to form the corresponding metal oxide coating having a thickness of 50 to 130 Angstrom on the surface of the glass article, (2) a second step of causing to adhere, to the outer and inner surfaces of the glass article, a mixed solution of potassium chloride and potassium nitrate, having a potassium chloride to potassium nitrate ratio by weight of 85 to 45:15 to 55, or a mixed solution of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, having a potassium sulfate to potassium nitrate ratio by weight of 30 to 100:70 to 0, (3) a third step of holding the glass article at an elevated temperature below the strain point of the glass but as near the strain point as possible for a period of time sufficient to obtain a compressive stress layer having a depth of at least 10 microns and a compressive stress of at least 700 kg/cm 2 and (4) a fourth step of cooling the glass article to room temperature and then washing the glass article to remove the mixture of the potassium salts remaining on the outer surface and inner surface of the glass article.

Osmotic pressure of the soil solution: determination and effects on some glasshouse crops.

Abstract: In a factorial experiment, calcium sulphate, sodium chloride and potassium nitrate were added to a loamy sand soil in various quantities. The experiment was carried out in an unheated glasshouse. The salt status of the soil was determined with the aid of different method of aqueous extraction. The results were correlated with the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. A close correlation was obtained with the conductivity of the saturation extract. Crop yields were correlated with the conductivity of the saturation extract and with the osmotic pressure of the plant sap. The correlation with the conductivity of the saturation extract was generally highest. With tomatoes, a clear relationship was found between the conductivity and the incidence of blotch on the fruits. In lettuce, there was a clear relationship between conductivity and the occurrence of tipburn. The yield reduction of some crops was significantly greater after the application of sodium chloride than after potassium nitrate. Apparently, this was caused by specific ion effects. The desirable salt level, the salt distribution in the soil and the determination of the osmotic pressure of the soil solution for routine soil-testing purposes are discussed. The curvilinear relationship between the salt level of the soil and the incidence of tipburn may be explained by the calcium uptake of the crop. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effect of seed‐placed fertilizer on the emergence (germination) of soybeans (Glycine max L.) and snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract: Field trials were established on a loamy fine sand and a silt loam using snapbeans and soybeans as test crops, respectively. Row fertilizer was placed with the seed (seed‐placed). Treatments were arranged in a 3×3×3 factorial experiment, and N, P, and K were applied in all combinations at three rates (0, 3.4, and 6.8 kg/ha). Ammonium nitrate (AN), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), concentrated superphosphate (CSP) and potassium chloride (KCl) were used as sources of N, P and K. Additional treatments compared MAP with diammonium phosphate (DAP) and KCl with potassium nitrate (KNO3). The salt index of each treatment was inversely related to emergence, i.e. as the salt index increased, the emergence decreased. Level of N was more important than level of P or K in regards to reduction in emergence. Snapbeans grown on a loamy fine sand were extremely sensitive to damage from seed‐placed fertilizer, even at rates as low as 3.4 kg/ha of N, P or K. Soybeans planted on a silt loam soil were less sensitive tha...

Stimulation of transpiration by nitrogenous materials

Abstract: After a temporary decrease in transpiration on the day of treatment, the addition of urea or of potassium nitrate to the soil of potted plants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) increased the rate of transpiration from 10 to 40%. This increase was proportional to the amount of nitrogen applied and lasted for several days. The temporary decrease on the day of addition was a salt effect similar to the depression caused by sodium chloride or mannitol. Unlike potassium nitrate, neither potassium phosphate nor sodium chloride increased transpiration, indicating that the stimulation was a nitrogen effect. The increase in transpiration is thought to be linked to an increased nitrogen metabolism in the plants.

Dry blasting agents

Abstract: This invention describes a method of preparation of sensitized dry blasting agents comprising a mixture of granular/powder ammonium nitrate with or without Sodium Nitrate, Potassium Nitrate, Calcium Nitrate, etc. fuel(s), and at least one sensitizer. The aid sensitizer is selected from the group comprising nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate and an organic derivative of a metal, which can exhibit variable valency and whose oxides and hydroxides are weakly basic in nature, e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper, lead, etc. Unlike the dry blasting agents known in prior art, the sensitized dry blasting agents can be detonated in small diameter boreholes with a generally available low strength detonator or specially made powerful detonator.

Novel oligomerization catalysts and their preparation

Abstract: Novel oligomerization catalysts comprising cobalt oxide on carbon in admixture with certain other catalyst supports, such as refractory oxides, i.e. alumina, silica alumina and molecular sieves and the like are herein disclosed. The preparation of said novel catalysts is likewise disclosed and the use of said catalysts in propylene oligomerization reactions is hereby described and claimed. The novel oligomerization catalysts are produced by: (a) impregnating activated carbon with a solution containing a cobalt amine complex; (b) treating the impregnated activated carbon at elevated temperatures in order to decompose the cobalt salt to cobalt oxide; and (c) thereafter admixing the so-formed cobalt oxide on carbon with a catalyst support material such as bauxite. In another embodiment, the catalysts may be prepared by impregnating carbon with cobalt nitrate, adding aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to convert the cobalt nitrate to cobalt hydroxide, extracting with water from the mixture the sodium or potassium nitrate formed, decomposing at high temperatures the cobalt hydroxide to cobalt oxide and thereafter admixing the cobalt oxide on carbon with a catalyst support such as alumina, bauxite, molecular sieves and the like.

Determination of heavy metals in foods by anodic stripping voltammetry after sample decomposition with sodium and potassium nitrate fusion.

Abstract: A method is described for the simultaneous determination of several heavy metals in foods. The sample is predigested with nitric acid and decomposed completely by heating with a mixture of sodium and potassium nitrates. The resultant melt containing the metals is then dissolved in dilute nitric acid. After the pH is adjusted to an appropriate value, the metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, are determined by anodic stripping voltammetry. The average recoveries of these metals added to 5 commodities were 98, 98,96, and 104%, respectively. The relative standard deviations, based on data from analyses of a commodity containing measurable levels of copper, lead, and zinc, were 12.0, 13.0, and 9.7%, respectively.

The reactions of metal sulphides with molten potassium nitrate

Abstract: The reactions of TiS2, VS, Cr2S3, MnS, FeS, CoS, NiS, CuS and ZnS with molten potassium nitrate were studied. In the melt, Ti, Ni, Cu and Zn metal cations exhibited acid-base reactions and were precipitated as metal oxides whereas V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co metal cations showed oxidation-reduction as well as acid-base reactions and were converted into VO3-, CrO42-, MnO2, Fe2O3 and Co3O4 respectively. The sulphide sulphur in all cases was oxidized to sulphate and the nitrate melt was reduced to nitrite and oxides of nitrogen. The stoichiometries of these reactions have been established.

Contributions to analytical chemistry of vitamin B12.

Abstract: The possibility of determination of small amounts of cyanide (0.02–1.0μg) in Vitamin B12, without distillation of hydrogen cyanide, is demonstrated. Vitamin B12 samples (10−6−4×10−5M), acidified to pH 3–4 with sulphuric or nitric acid, are irradiated in 25-ml volumetric flasks with an ultraviolet lamp (without filter) at 35–40° for 30 min. After cooling, the samples are adjusted to pH 12–13 with sodium hydroxide, the ionic strength is adjusted to 0.1 with potassium nitrate, and cyanide is determined with an ionselective membrane electrode. The calibration curve is prepared with KCN or Vitamin B12. The total error is ±2 %. The practical advantage of the method is that 5–10 samples can be analysed simultaneously, and the equilibria between cyanocobalamine, analogues of Vitamin B12 and potassium cyanide can be studied. The thermolysis and photolysis data can serve for evaluation of the strength of the Co—CN bond in Vitamin B12 and analogous molecules, by comparison with other cyanide complexes which have accurately known stability constants and structures.